Mechanochemical Synthesis of MgV₂O₄: Reactivity Pathways Driven by Milling Energy and Precursors Article Swipe

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Anna Michaely , Hong Chen , Oliver Clemens , M. Neuberger , Christopher W. M. Kay , Robert Haberkorn , Guido Kickelbick ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c03095

Magnesium spinels such as MgAl₂O₄ and MgFe₂O₄ have been widely explored for energy storage and sensing applications, but MgV₂O₄ remains relatively unexplored despite its promising potential, e.g., as a battery electrode material. In this study, we report the first mechanochemical synthesis of MgV₂O₄ at room temperature using either MgO or Mg with various vanadium oxides as reactants. Directed by thermodynamic calculations on a DFT level, only the self-sustaining reaction between V₂O₅ and Mg led to MgV₂O₄ within 20 min of milling, along with MgO as a side product. With increasing rotational speed, an earlier reaction ignition after a few minutes of milling, smaller crystallite sizes in the nanometer range, and increased strain in MgV₂O₄ were observed. In addition, harsh milling conditions induce increasing nonstoichiometry in both phases, leading to a magnesium-rich spinel and a vanadium-containing rock salt phase, as supported by X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements. Acid washing after synthesis removed MgO, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that milder grinding conditions increased the conductivity of MgV₂O₄ due to the smaller number of defects.

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c03095
OA Status: hybrid
References: 77
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4414748366

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c03095

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Title: Mechanochemical Synthesis of MgV₂O₄: Reactivity Pathways Driven by Milling Energy and Precursors

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Publication year: 2025

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Authors: Anna Michaely, Hong Chen, Oliver Clemens, M. Neuberger, Christopher W. M. Kay, Robert Haberkorn, Guido Kickelbick

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5c03095

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abstract_inverted_index.min	78
abstract_inverted_index.the	37, 66, 106, 164, 170
abstract_inverted_index.Acid	148
abstract_inverted_index.MgO,	153
abstract_inverted_index.With	88
abstract_inverted_index.been	8
abstract_inverted_index.both	125
abstract_inverted_index.have	7
abstract_inverted_index.only	65
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abstract_inverted_index.this	33
abstract_inverted_index.were	114
abstract_inverted_index.with	51, 82
abstract_inverted_index.X-ray	141
abstract_inverted_index.after	96, 150
abstract_inverted_index.along	81
abstract_inverted_index.e.g.,	26
abstract_inverted_index.first	38
abstract_inverted_index.harsh	118
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abstract_inverted_index.using	46
abstract_inverted_index.either	47
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abstract_inverted_index.induce	121
abstract_inverted_index.level,	64
abstract_inverted_index.milder	160
abstract_inverted_index.number	172
abstract_inverted_index.oxides	54
abstract_inverted_index.phase,	137
abstract_inverted_index.range,	108
abstract_inverted_index.report	36
abstract_inverted_index.showed	158
abstract_inverted_index.speed,	91
abstract_inverted_index.spinel	131
abstract_inverted_index.strain	111
abstract_inverted_index.study,	34
abstract_inverted_index.widely	9
abstract_inverted_index.within	76
abstract_inverted_index.battery	29
abstract_inverted_index.between	69
abstract_inverted_index.despite	22
abstract_inverted_index.earlier	93
abstract_inverted_index.leading	127
abstract_inverted_index.milling	119
abstract_inverted_index.minutes	99
abstract_inverted_index.phases,	126
abstract_inverted_index.remains	19
abstract_inverted_index.removed	152
abstract_inverted_index.sensing	15
abstract_inverted_index.smaller	102, 171
abstract_inverted_index.spinels	1
abstract_inverted_index.storage	13
abstract_inverted_index.various	52
abstract_inverted_index.washing	149
abstract_inverted_index.Directed	57
abstract_inverted_index.defects.	174
abstract_inverted_index.electron	144
abstract_inverted_index.explored	10
abstract_inverted_index.grinding	161
abstract_inverted_index.ignition	95
abstract_inverted_index.milling,	80, 101
abstract_inverted_index.product.	87
abstract_inverted_index.reaction	68, 94
abstract_inverted_index.vanadium	53
abstract_inverted_index.Magnesium	0
abstract_inverted_index.addition,	117
abstract_inverted_index.electrode	30
abstract_inverted_index.impedance	156
abstract_inverted_index.increased	110, 163
abstract_inverted_index.material.	31
abstract_inverted_index.nanometer	107
abstract_inverted_index.observed.	115
abstract_inverted_index.promising	24
abstract_inverted_index.resonance	146
abstract_inverted_index.supported	139
abstract_inverted_index.synthesis	40, 151
abstract_inverted_index.conditions	120, 162
abstract_inverted_index.increasing	89, 122
abstract_inverted_index.potential,	25
abstract_inverted_index.reactants.	56
abstract_inverted_index.relatively	20
abstract_inverted_index.rotational	90
abstract_inverted_index.unexplored	21
abstract_inverted_index.crystallite	103
abstract_inverted_index.diffraction	142
abstract_inverted_index.temperature	45
abstract_inverted_index.calculations	60
abstract_inverted_index.conductivity	165
abstract_inverted_index.paramagnetic	145
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy	157
abstract_inverted_index.applications,	16
abstract_inverted_index.measurements.	147
abstract_inverted_index.thermodynamic	59
abstract_inverted_index.magnesium-rich	130
abstract_inverted_index.electrochemical	155
abstract_inverted_index.mechanochemical	39
abstract_inverted_index.self-sustaining	67
abstract_inverted_index.nonstoichiometry	123
abstract_inverted_index.vanadium-containing	134
abstract_inverted_index.V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>	70
abstract_inverted_index.MgV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>	18, 42, 75, 113, 167
abstract_inverted_index.MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>	4
abstract_inverted_index.MgFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>	6
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Mechanochemical Synthesis of MgV2O4: Reactivity Pathways Driven by Milling Energy and Precursors Article Swipe

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Mechanochemical Synthesis of MgV₂O₄: Reactivity Pathways Driven by Milling Energy and Precursors Article Swipe