Medical JPEG image steganography method according to the distortion reduction criterion based on an imperialist competitive algorithm Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055
In most of the digital steganography methods provided for natural digital images, the embedding of the confidential message is based on the minimisation of the defined distortion functions. It is often done based on choosing the most optimal criterion of distortion. Although the distortion functions are designed innovatively, steganography algorithms will be optimal. In such approaches, embedding interactions are often overlooked. Unlike usual images that have areas with a variety of tissue features, there are many smooth areas in medical images that will make the changes more visible if they are manipulated. Therefore, this study presents an adaptive approach that comes from the interactions between the changes made during the embedding algorithm to reduce the probability of recognising the message embedded in medical images and reducing the distortion caused by embedding in a discrete cosine transform space and based on the imperialist competitive algorithm for joint photographic experts group images, especially in medical images due to the importance of information steganography in them. The results obtained show the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art methods that are presented in this area.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 4
- References
- 26
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3119587200
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3119587200Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Medical JPEG image steganography method according to the distortion reduction criterion based on an imperialist competitive algorithmWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-01-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Hamidreza Damghani, Farshid Babapour Mofrad, Leila DamghaniList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
JPEG, Distortion (music), Reduction (mathematics), Steganography, Computer science, Image (mathematics), Artificial intelligence, Algorithm, Computer vision, Pattern recognition (psychology), Mathematics, Telecommunications, Bandwidth (computing), Amplifier, GeometryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
4Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 1, 2023: 1, 2022: 1, 2021: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
26Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3119587200 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| ids.mag | 3119587200 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3119587200 |
| fwci | 0.40887792 |
| type | article |
| title | Medical JPEG image steganography method according to the distortion reduction criterion based on an imperialist competitive algorithm |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 714 |
| biblio.first_page | 705 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10388 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12357 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9728000164031982 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[1].display_name | Digital Media Forensic Detection |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11017 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9660999774932861 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| topics[2].display_name | Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2200 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2200 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C198751489 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6392327547073364 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195 |
| concepts[0].display_name | JPEG |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C126780896 |
| concepts[1].level | 4 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5928065776824951 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Distortion (music) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C111335779 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5859896540641785 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Reduction (mathematics) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C108801101 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5778803825378418 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Steganography |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5193944573402405 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C115961682 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.505446195602417 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.47291120886802673 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.45906949043273926 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C31972630 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.39481809735298157 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Computer vision |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C153180895 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.37310707569122314 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Pattern recognition (psychology) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3428196907043457 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0700528621673584 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2776257435 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.05428546667098999 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Bandwidth (computing) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C194257627 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Amplifier |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2524010 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Geometry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6392327547073364 |
| keywords[0].display_name | JPEG |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5928065776824951 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Distortion (music) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5859896540641785 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Reduction (mathematics) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5778803825378418 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Steganography |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5193944573402405 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/image |
| keywords[5].score | 0.505446195602417 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Image (mathematics) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[6].score | 0.47291120886802673 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[7].score | 0.45906949043273926 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision |
| keywords[8].score | 0.39481809735298157 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Computer vision |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition |
| keywords[9].score | 0.37310707569122314 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Pattern recognition (psychology) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3428196907043457 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[11].score | 0.0700528621673584 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth |
| keywords[12].score | 0.05428546667098999 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Bandwidth (computing) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S83215360 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1751-9659, 1751-9667 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1751-9659 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | IET Image Processing |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | IET Image Processing |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ead02c4a7395442fa24308113ffb0506 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | IET Image Processing, Vol 15, Iss 3, Pp 705-714 (2021) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/ead02c4a7395442fa24308113ffb0506 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071286695 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-4675 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Hamidreza Damghani |
| authorships[0].countries | IR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03187yj51 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110525433, https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Hamidreza Damghani |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053391476 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-7971 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Farshid Babapour Mofrad |
| authorships[1].countries | IR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03187yj51 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I110525433, https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Farshid Babapour Mofrad |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Science and Research Branch, , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057111087 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0505-6778 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Leila Damghani |
| authorships[2].countries | IR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I181744264 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I181744264 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05hsgex59 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I181744264 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Kharazmi University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Leila Damghani |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Medical JPEG image steganography method according to the distortion reduction criterion based on an imperialist competitive algorithm |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10388 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1707 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2521839693, https://openalex.org/W1529294424, https://openalex.org/W2241212938, https://openalex.org/W2160587766, https://openalex.org/W2357125417, https://openalex.org/W1966340347, https://openalex.org/W2914041582, https://openalex.org/W3045883714, https://openalex.org/W1998846819, https://openalex.org/W2379461394 |
| cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S83215360 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1751-9659, 1751-9667 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1751-9659 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | IET Image Processing |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | IET Image Processing |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S83215360 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1751-9659, 1751-9667 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1751-9659 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | IET Image Processing |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310311714 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institution of Engineering and Technology |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | IET Image Processing |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1049/ipr2.12055 |
| publication_date | 2021-01-04 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6696876242, https://openalex.org/W4253000688, https://openalex.org/W2134527668, https://openalex.org/W2066537788, https://openalex.org/W2057546336, https://openalex.org/W2910360307, https://openalex.org/W3005294840, https://openalex.org/W2029596906, https://openalex.org/W1760530029, https://openalex.org/W2123170991, https://openalex.org/W1973466159, https://openalex.org/W3025382900, https://openalex.org/W2167999072, https://openalex.org/W2044610626, https://openalex.org/W2170598445, https://openalex.org/W1663899164, https://openalex.org/W2546197734, https://openalex.org/W1965064373, https://openalex.org/W1604614341, https://openalex.org/W3033379786, https://openalex.org/W3033725329, https://openalex.org/W2897325195, https://openalex.org/W2746926486, https://openalex.org/W3048932126, https://openalex.org/W2124664712, https://openalex.org/W4239092273 |
| referenced_works_count | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 69, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 1, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.It | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.if | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 79, 122, 132, 152, 162, 175, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 19, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 15, 24, 40, 71, 117, 159, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 21, 34, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 113, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 125, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 46, 59, 75, 91, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 9, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 13, 16, 22, 25, 36, 43, 85, 103, 106, 110, 115, 119, 127, 141, 157, 168, 172, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.done | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.made | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.make | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 2, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 65, 82, 100, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 94, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 51, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 68, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.areas | 67, 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 20, 33, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comes | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.joint | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 31, 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.space | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them. | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.usual | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unlike | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cosine | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.images | 64, 81, 124, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smooth | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tissue | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changes | 86, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 5, 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experts | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.images, | 12, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medical | 80, 123, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.message | 18, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 7, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.natural | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variety | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.visible | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptive | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.choosing | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrete | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embedded | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.obtained | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 112, 144, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.criterion | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embedding | 14, 57, 111, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transform | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparison | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distortion | 27, 44, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.especially | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions. | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.competitive | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distortion. | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imperialist | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overlooked. | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probability | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognising | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidential | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 58, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manipulated. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimisation | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photographic | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovatively, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steganography | 6, 49, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state‐of‐the‐art | 179 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5071286695 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I155419210 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.59819733 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |