Microbial ecology of acidic, biogenic gypsum: community structure and distribution of extremophiles on freshly formed and relict sulfate deposits in a hydrogen sulfide-rich cave Article Swipe
Zoë E. Havlena
,
Katherine Lucero
,
Heather V. Graham
,
J. C. Stern
,
Scott D. Wankel
,
Maurizio Mainiero
,
Daniel S. Jones
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25
Sulfate minerals are abundant on the Martian surface, and many of these evaporite deposits are thought to have precipitated from acidic fluids. On Earth, gypsum (CaSO 4 •2H 2 O) and other sulfates sometimes form under acidic conditions, so exploring the extremophilic life that occurs in these mineral environments can help evaluate the astrobiological potential of acid sulfate depositional settings. Here, we characterized the microbial communities associated with acidic gypsum deposits in a sulfuric acid cave, where sulfate precipitation is driven by sulfide-oxidizing bacteria and archaea. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and cell counts to characterize gypsum-associated microorganisms in freshly formed and relict deposits throughout the cave, to test how microbial community composition and abundance would vary with distance from the sulfidic water table and with the concentration of H 2 S( g ) and other gases in the cave atmosphere. We found that actively forming gypsum in the lower cave levels was colonized by low-diversity communities that have few cells compared to other environments in the cave. The most abundant taxa were Acidithiobacillus, Metallibacterium, Mycobacteria , and three different Thermoplasmatales -group archaea, which occupied distinct niches based on proximity to sulfidic streams and the concentration of gases in the cave air. By contrast, deposits in older cave levels had more diverse communities that were distinct from those associated with freshly formed gypsum and likely represent a community reliant on different energy resources. These findings show that acidic sulfate deposits serve as habitats for extremophilic microorganisms and broaden our knowledge of the life associated with terrestrial sulfates. IMPORTANCE Gypsum and other sulfate salts are common on Mars, and many of these deposits are thought to have formed from acidic fluids early in the planet’s history. Understanding the life that survives and thrives in similar environments on Earth is therefore crucial for evaluating whether these Martian sulfates are or ever were habitable. One such environment where acidic gypsum occurs is in sulfuric acid caves, where extremophilic microorganisms drive the precipitation of sulfate minerals by oxidizing hydrogen sulfide gas from the cave atmosphere. Here, we characterized the communities of microorganisms on freshly formed and ancient gypsum in the Frasassi Caves and found that the gypsum deposits hosted microbial communities that changed based on chemical energy availability and the age of the gypsum. Our findings underscore the importance of chemical and microbiological interactions in shaping habitable niches and provide context for searching for past or present life in acidic Martian sulfates.
Related Topics
Concepts
No concepts available.
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 69
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4414341809
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4414341809Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Microbial ecology of acidic, biogenic gypsum: community structure and distribution of extremophiles on freshly formed and relict sulfate deposits in a hydrogen sulfide-rich caveWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-09-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Zoë E. Havlena, Katherine Lucero, Heather V. Graham, J. C. Stern, Scott D. Wankel, Maurizio Mainiero, Daniel S. JonesList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25Direct OA link when available
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
69Number of works referenced by this work
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4414341809 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40970700 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4414341809 |
| fwci | 5.05254368 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D002133 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Calcium Sulfate |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D002133 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Calcium Sulfate |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D059552 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Caves |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D059552 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Caves |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D006862 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Hydrogen Sulfide |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D006862 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Hydrogen Sulfide |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D013431 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Sulfates |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D064307 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Microbiota |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D018535 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Mars |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D002133 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Calcium Sulfate |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D002133 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Calcium Sulfate |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | Q000382 |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D059552 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | microbiology |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Caves |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D059552 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Caves |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D006862 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Hydrogen Sulfide |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D006862 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Hydrogen Sulfide |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D001105 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Archaea |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D001419 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Bacteria |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D013431 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Sulfates |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | Q000032 |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | analysis |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| mesh[39].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[39].descriptor_ui | D012336 |
| mesh[39].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[39].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[39].descriptor_name | RNA, Ribosomal, 16S |
| mesh[40].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_ui | D064307 |
| mesh[40].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[40].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_name | Microbiota |
| mesh[41].qualifier_ui | Q000235 |
| mesh[41].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[41].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[41].qualifier_name | genetics |
| mesh[41].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[42].qualifier_ui | Q000145 |
| mesh[42].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[42].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[42].qualifier_name | classification |
| mesh[42].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[43].qualifier_ui | Q000302 |
| mesh[43].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[43].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[43].qualifier_name | isolation & purification |
| mesh[43].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[44].qualifier_ui | Q000378 |
| mesh[44].descriptor_ui | D000071825 |
| mesh[44].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[44].qualifier_name | metabolism |
| mesh[44].descriptor_name | Extremophiles |
| mesh[45].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[45].descriptor_ui | D018535 |
| mesh[45].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[45].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[45].descriptor_name | Mars |
| type | article |
| title | Microbial ecology of acidic, biogenic gypsum: community structure and distribution of extremophiles on freshly formed and relict sulfate deposits in a hydrogen sulfide-rich cave |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 91 |
| biblio.last_page | e0139725 |
| biblio.first_page | e0139725 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11791 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| topics[0].display_name | Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10995 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9988999962806702 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2304 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Environmental Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10406 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9925000071525574 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[2].display_name | Planetary Science and Exploration |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S158228368 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0099-2240, 1070-6291, 1098-5336 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0099-2240 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40970700 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Applied and environmental microbiology |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40970700 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11350469 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12542670 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cade1c0cc74b4dc49313857151ee490e |
| locations[3].is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol 91, Iss 10 (2025) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/cade1c0cc74b4dc49313857151ee490e |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019200908 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-5206 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Zoë E. Havlena |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005p9kw61 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zoë E. Havlena |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5116295759 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Katherine Lucero |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005p9kw61 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Katherine Lucero |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059033107 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-1885 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Heather V. Graham |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1306266525 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1306266525 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0171mag52 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1306266525, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Heather V. Graham |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066047706 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0162-8807 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | J. C. Stern |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1306266525 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1306266525 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0171mag52 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1306266525, https://openalex.org/I4210124779 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Goddard Space Flight Center |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Jennifer C. Stern |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083320398 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-0225 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Scott D. Wankel |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I66958751 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I66958751 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03zbnzt98 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I66958751 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Scott D. Wankel |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082615446 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7573-0716 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Maurizio Mainiero |
| authorships[5].countries | IT |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210086830 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Gruppo Speleologico Marchigiano, Ancona, Italy |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Federazione Speleologica Marchigiana, Ancona, Italy |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210086830 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0026m8b31 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210086830 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Ospedale San Paolo |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Maurizio Mainiero |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Federazione Speleologica Marchigiana, Ancona, Italy, Gruppo Speleologico Marchigiano, Ancona, Italy |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5010124420 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4556-0418 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Daniel S. Jones |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Cave and Karst Research Institute, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/005p9kw61 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I207123951 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Daniel S. Jones |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Earth and Environmental Science, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA, National Cave and Karst Research Institute, Carlsbad, New Mexico, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Microbial ecology of acidic, biogenic gypsum: community structure and distribution of extremophiles on freshly formed and relict sulfate deposits in a hydrogen sulfide-rich cave |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11791 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2303 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Ecology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S158228368 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0099-2240, 1070-6291, 1098-5336 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0099-2240 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S158228368 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0099-2240, 1070-6291, 1098-5336 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0099-2240 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Society for Microbiology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320263 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Applied and Environmental Microbiology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01397-25 |
| publication_date | 2025-09-19 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2102920959, https://openalex.org/W2811158931, https://openalex.org/W2586433278, https://openalex.org/W3154653396, https://openalex.org/W1983740992, https://openalex.org/W3021763425, https://openalex.org/W1596847809, https://openalex.org/W2121006557, https://openalex.org/W2475010766, https://openalex.org/W4365516484, https://openalex.org/W2789655633, https://openalex.org/W1991674880, https://openalex.org/W3004997463, https://openalex.org/W2009700895, https://openalex.org/W1902129894, https://openalex.org/W2807282088, https://openalex.org/W2021799461, https://openalex.org/W2038419966, https://openalex.org/W2519434117, https://openalex.org/W2047543990, https://openalex.org/W2085847412, https://openalex.org/W2979356200, https://openalex.org/W2058869936, https://openalex.org/W1968922892, https://openalex.org/W2001442598, https://openalex.org/W2160424907, https://openalex.org/W2082681775, https://openalex.org/W2294782901, https://openalex.org/W2775637348, https://openalex.org/W4313546369, https://openalex.org/W2135827864, https://openalex.org/W2749657233, https://openalex.org/W2109623898, https://openalex.org/W2157147059, https://openalex.org/W3119070386, https://openalex.org/W2153175030, https://openalex.org/W4399256534, https://openalex.org/W2135429048, https://openalex.org/W2010427711, https://openalex.org/W2145094732, https://openalex.org/W2014784558, https://openalex.org/W2140331117, https://openalex.org/W2099571549, https://openalex.org/W2073348399, https://openalex.org/W2031341903, https://openalex.org/W2967207422, https://openalex.org/W3163057282, https://openalex.org/W2580665192, https://openalex.org/W2802245267, https://openalex.org/W4308045440, https://openalex.org/W4396611635, https://openalex.org/W4401995651, https://openalex.org/W2275450845, https://openalex.org/W4401982161, https://openalex.org/W4225156046, https://openalex.org/W2078962985, https://openalex.org/W2174718931, https://openalex.org/W2217302886, https://openalex.org/W4323348046, https://openalex.org/W2217388813, https://openalex.org/W2623467090, https://openalex.org/W2036897871, https://openalex.org/W2128711701, https://openalex.org/W2513506562, https://openalex.org/W2088833470, https://openalex.org/W2091922579, https://openalex.org/W2108718991, https://openalex.org/W2292560153, https://openalex.org/W2726028814 |
| referenced_works_count | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.) | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index., | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 29, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.H | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 73, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.g | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.O) | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.S( | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 87, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 82, 156, 334 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 46, 72, 100, 139, 149, 167, 200, 207, 283, 294, 321, 356, 392, 406 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 80, 299, 320 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 11, 56, 130, 198, 252, 271, 331, 348, 379, 387 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 5, 190, 231, 267, 297, 350, 372 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 309, 403 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 17, 96, 109, 164, 192, 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 62, 344 |
| abstract_inverted_index.16S | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.One | 313 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Our | 382 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.age | 378 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 9, 31, 85, 93, 103, 115, 126, 136, 179, 195, 225, 248, 261, 269, 292, 353, 360, 376, 389, 396 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 3, 15, 265, 274, 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.few | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 245, 302, 399, 401 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gas | 338 |
| abstract_inverted_index.had | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.our | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 6, 41, 53, 64, 107, 122, 128, 140, 150, 168, 196, 201, 253, 284, 288, 329, 340, 346, 357, 363, 377, 380, 385 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acid | 57, 75, 323 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air. | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cave | 141, 152, 202, 209, 341 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ever | 310 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 20, 121, 218, 279, 339 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gene | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 18, 160, 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.help | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 43, 254, 289, 405 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 10, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.past | 402 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rRNA | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 314 |
| abstract_inverted_index.taxa | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 44, 145, 159, 215, 238, 290, 362, 369 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vary | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 174, 216, 311 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 68, 119, 127, 221, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CaSO | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Caves | 359 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Earth | 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 61, 343 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mars, | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 189, 371 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cave, | 76, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cave. | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drive | 328 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 144, 361 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gases | 138, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.older | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 32, 137, 165, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.salts | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serve | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.table | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 12, 47, 272, 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.those | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.water | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 77, 316, 325 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.would | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.•2H | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-group | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Earth, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gypsum | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acidic | 21, 37, 69, 239, 280, 317, 407 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caves, | 324 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.counts | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driven | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 233, 374 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluids | 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formed | 102, 223, 278, 352 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gypsum | 25, 70, 148, 224, 318, 355, 364 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hosted | 366 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 153, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likely | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.niches | 188, 395 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occurs | 45, 319 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relict | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Martian | 7, 306, 408 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sulfate | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ancient | 354 |
| abstract_inverted_index.broaden | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.changed | 370 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 398 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crucial | 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diverse | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluids. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forming | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.freshly | 101, 222, 351 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gypsum. | 381 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mineral | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 404 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 397 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliant | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shaping | 393 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similar | 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.streams | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfate | 58, 78, 240, 263, 332 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfide | 337 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thought | 16, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thrives | 293 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whether | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ABSTRACT | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Frasassi | 358 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abundant | 4, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.actively | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.archaea, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.archaea. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bacteria | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 373, 388 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposits | 14, 71, 105, 206, 241, 273, 365 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distance | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 187, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 236, 383 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habitats | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.history. | 286 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrogen | 336 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minerals | 2, 333 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupied | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfates | 33, 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfidic | 123, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfuric | 74, 322 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface, | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.survives | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abundance | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.colonized | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.community | 113, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contrast, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 181, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaporite | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploring | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habitable | 394 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbial | 65, 112, 367 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidizing | 335 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximity | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represent | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.searching | 400 |
| abstract_inverted_index.settings. | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sometimes | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfates. | 258, 409 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IMPORTANCE | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 67, 220, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.habitable. | 312 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 386 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planet’s | 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resources. | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequencing | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.throughout | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscore | 384 |
| abstract_inverted_index.atmosphere. | 142, 342 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communities | 66, 158, 214, 347, 368 |
| abstract_inverted_index.composition | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environment | 315 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terrestrial | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mycobacteria | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.availability | 375 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depositional | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environments | 49, 166, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 391 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitated | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Understanding | 287 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterized | 63, 345 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration | 129, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extremophilic | 42, 246, 326 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-diversity | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precipitation | 79, 330 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microorganisms | 99, 247, 327, 349 |
| abstract_inverted_index.astrobiological | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microbiological | 390 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Metallibacterium, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Thermoplasmatales | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gypsum-associated | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sulfide-oxidizing | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Acidithiobacillus, | 175 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.91263889 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |