Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for Optimization of Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) of Theobromine and Caffeine from Cocoa Bean Shells Article Swipe
Luciana Lordêlo Nascimento
,
Paulo Natan Alves dos Santos
,
Honnara S. Granja
,
Larissa da Silveira Ferreira
,
José L. F. C. Lima
,
Bruna Louise de Moura Pita
,
Allan dos Santos Polidoro
,
Lisiane dos Santos Freitas
,
Elina Bastos Caramão
,
Fábio de S. Dias
,
Alini Tinoco Fricks
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740
This work describes the development of a method for the extraction of methylxanthines from cocoa bean shell (CBS) by employing the novel Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) system. The mixtures were composed of ethanol–methanol–water and the ratio was optimized using a simplex-centroid design. Doehlert design (DD) was used to optimize the variables of temperature and time while using methylxanthine content obtained by HPLC-DAD as an analytical response. The optimized mixture consisted of water–ethanol in a 3:2 ratio. The optimum operating conditions for extraction were achieved at a temperature of 148.5 °C and 382 s. Under optimal conditions, 20.14 mg g−1 DM of theobromine and 3.53 mg g−1 DM of caffeine were found in the CBS extract. Methylxanthines were quantified with good linearity, LOQs, LODs, precision, and accuracy. The EDGE system, a newly automated extraction instrument, has proven to be very efficient for the recovery of theobromine and caffeine, and is considered a green extraction procedure, as demonstrated by the analytical greenness metric for sample preparation.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740
- https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/740/pdf?version=1740469309
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 36
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407913179
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4407913179Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for Optimization of Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) of Theobromine and Caffeine from Cocoa Bean ShellsWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-02-21Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Luciana Lordêlo Nascimento, Paulo Natan Alves dos Santos, Honnara S. Granja, Larissa da Silveira Ferreira, José L. F. C. Lima, Bruna Louise de Moura Pita, Allan dos Santos Polidoro, Lisiane dos Santos Freitas, Elina Bastos Caramão, Fábio de S. Dias, Alini Tinoco FricksList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14050740Publisher landing page
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https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/740/pdf?version=1740469309Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/740/pdf?version=1740469309Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Theobromine, Caffeine, Extraction (chemistry), Matrix (chemical analysis), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution, Chemistry, Chromatography, Food science, Materials science, Mathematics, Biology, Computer science, Artificial intelligence, EndocrinologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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36Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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