MMT-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models Towards Multitask AGI Article Swipe

PDF

Kaining Ying , Fanqing Meng , Jin Wang , Zhiqian Li , Lin Han , Yue Yang , Hao Zhang , Wenbo Zhang , Yuqi Lin , Shuo Liu , Jiayi Lei , Quanfeng Lu , Runjian Chen , Peng Xu , Renrui Zhang , Haozhe Zhang , Peng Fei Gao , Yali Wang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo , Kaipeng Zhang , Wenqi Shao ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) show significant strides in general-purpose multimodal applications such as visual dialogue and embodied navigation. However, existing multimodal evaluation benchmarks cover a limited number of multimodal tasks testing rudimentary capabilities, falling short in tracking LVLM development. In this study, we present MMT-Bench, a comprehensive benchmark designed to assess LVLMs across massive multimodal tasks requiring expert knowledge and deliberate visual recognition, localization, reasoning, and planning. MMT-Bench comprises $31,325$ meticulously curated multi-choice visual questions from various multimodal scenarios such as vehicle driving and embodied navigation, covering $32$ core meta-tasks and $162$ subtasks in multimodal understanding. Due to its extensive task coverage, MMT-Bench enables the evaluation of LVLMs using a task map, facilitating the discovery of in- and out-of-domain tasks. Evaluation results involving $30$ LVLMs such as the proprietary GPT-4V, GeminiProVision, and open-sourced InternVL-Chat, underscore the significant challenges posed by MMT-Bench. We anticipate that MMT-Bench will inspire the community to develop next-generation multimodal foundation models aimed at achieving general-purpose multimodal intelligence.

Related Topics

Benchmark (Surveying)

Computer Science

Artificial Intelligence

Machine Learning

Cartography

Geography

Concepts

Benchmark (surveying) Computer science Artificial intelligence Machine learning Natural language processing Cartography Geography

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006
PDF: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006
OA Status: green
Cited By: 6
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4395484118

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4395484118

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006

Digital Object Identifier
Title: MMT-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models Towards Multitask AGI

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-04-24

Full publication date if available
Authors: Kaining Ying, Fanqing Meng, Jin Wang, Zhiqian Li, Lin Han, Yue Yang, Hao Zhang, Wenbo Zhang, Yuqi Lin, Shuo Liu, Jiayi Lei, Quanfeng Lu, Runjian Chen, Peng Xu, Renrui Zhang, Haozhe Zhang, Peng Fei Gao, Yali Wang, Yu Qiao, Ping Luo, Kaipeng Zhang, Wenqi Shao

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Benchmark (surveying), Computer science, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Natural language processing, Cartography, Geography

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 6

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 4, 2024: 2

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4395484118
doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4395484118
fwci
type	preprint
title	MMT-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models Towards Multitask AGI
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10824
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[0].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[0].score	0.779699981212616
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
topics[0].display_name	Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11714
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[1].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[1].score	0.7587000131607056
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
topics[1].display_name	Multimodal Machine Learning Applications
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10627
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
topics[2].field.display_name	Computer Science
topics[2].score	0.6689000129699707
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
topics[2].display_name	Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C185798385
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.8122614622116089
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707
concepts[0].display_name	Benchmark (surveying)
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[1].level	0
concepts[1].score	0.6274952292442322
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[1].display_name	Computer science
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[2].level	1
concepts[2].score	0.48626649379730225
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[2].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C119857082
concepts[3].level	1
concepts[3].score	0.39189016819000244
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539
concepts[3].display_name	Machine learning
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C204321447
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.3906676769256592
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642
concepts[4].display_name	Natural language processing
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C58640448
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.0979732871055603
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515
concepts[5].display_name	Cartography
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C205649164
concepts[6].level	0
concepts[6].score	0.0926622748374939
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071
concepts[6].display_name	Geography
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark
keywords[0].score	0.8122614622116089
keywords[0].display_name	Benchmark (surveying)
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[1].score	0.6274952292442322
keywords[1].display_name	Computer science
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence
keywords[2].score	0.48626649379730225
keywords[2].display_name	Artificial intelligence
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning
keywords[3].score	0.39189016819000244
keywords[3].display_name	Machine learning
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing
keywords[4].score	0.3906676769256592
keywords[4].display_name	Natural language processing
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography
keywords[5].score	0.0979732871055603
keywords[5].display_name	Cartography
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/geography
keywords[6].score	0.0926622748374939
keywords[6].display_name	Geography
language	en
locations[0].id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.16006
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006
locations[0].version	submittedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	text
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	False
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006
locations[1].id	doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006
locations[1].is_oa	True
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	True
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published
locations[1].raw_source_name
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.16006
indexed_in	arxiv, datacite
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5090152810
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2596-1847
authorships[0].author.display_name	Kaining Ying
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Ying, Kaining
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5104225369
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	Fanqing Meng
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Meng, Fanqing
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100346146
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-2378
authorships[2].author.display_name	Jin Wang
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Wang, Jin
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5078716119
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-6798
authorships[3].author.display_name	Zhiqian Li
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Li, Zhiqian
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5016770603
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-8822
authorships[4].author.display_name	Lin Han
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Lin, Han
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101999025
authorships[5].author.orcid
authorships[5].author.display_name	Yue Yang
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Yang, Yue
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100396844
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0404-6941
authorships[6].author.display_name	Hao Zhang
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Zhang, Hao
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5106342647
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5211-9730
authorships[7].author.display_name	Wenbo Zhang
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Zhang, Wenbo
authorships[7].is_corresponding	False
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101497048
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3019-5684
authorships[8].author.display_name	Yuqi Lin
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Lin, Yuqi
authorships[8].is_corresponding	False
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100435107
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4465-7659
authorships[9].author.display_name	Shuo Liu
authorships[9].author_position	middle
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Liu, Shuo
authorships[9].is_corresponding	False
authorships[10].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101218824
authorships[10].author.orcid
authorships[10].author.display_name	Jiayi Lei
authorships[10].author_position	middle
authorships[10].raw_author_name	Lei, Jiayi
authorships[10].is_corresponding	False
authorships[11].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102655273
authorships[11].author.orcid
authorships[11].author.display_name	Quanfeng Lu
authorships[11].author_position	middle
authorships[11].raw_author_name	Lu, Quanfeng
authorships[11].is_corresponding	False
authorships[12].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5000349453
authorships[12].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0519-496X
authorships[12].author.display_name	Runjian Chen
authorships[12].author_position	middle
authorships[12].raw_author_name	Chen, Runjian
authorships[12].is_corresponding	False
authorships[13].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5048886969
authorships[13].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4349-5627
authorships[13].author.display_name	Peng Xu
authorships[13].author_position	middle
authorships[13].raw_author_name	Xu, Peng
authorships[13].is_corresponding	False
authorships[14].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102891082
authorships[14].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-5277
authorships[14].author.display_name	Renrui Zhang
authorships[14].author_position	middle
authorships[14].raw_author_name	Zhang, Renrui
authorships[14].is_corresponding	False
authorships[15].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5021555842
authorships[15].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7571-3098
authorships[15].author.display_name	Haozhe Zhang
authorships[15].author_position	middle
authorships[15].raw_author_name	Zhang, Haozhe
authorships[15].is_corresponding	False
authorships[16].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5041155921
authorships[16].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-6597
authorships[16].author.display_name	Peng Fei Gao
authorships[16].author_position	middle
authorships[16].raw_author_name	Gao, Peng
authorships[16].is_corresponding	False
authorships[17].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100335705
authorships[17].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7428
authorships[17].author.display_name	Yali Wang
authorships[17].author_position	middle
authorships[17].raw_author_name	Wang, Yali
authorships[17].is_corresponding	False
authorships[18].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100748135
authorships[18].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-2567
authorships[18].author.display_name	Yu Qiao
authorships[18].author_position	middle
authorships[18].raw_author_name	Qiao, Yu
authorships[18].is_corresponding	False
authorships[19].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100752686
authorships[19].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6685-7950
authorships[19].author.display_name	Ping Luo
authorships[19].author_position	middle
authorships[19].raw_author_name	Luo, Ping
authorships[19].is_corresponding	False
authorships[20].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5036606244
authorships[20].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6105-6532
authorships[20].author.display_name	Kaipeng Zhang
authorships[20].author_position	middle
authorships[20].raw_author_name	Zhang, Kaipeng
authorships[20].is_corresponding	False
authorships[21].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101827257
authorships[21].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-4086
authorships[21].author.display_name	Wenqi Shao
authorships[21].author_position	last
authorships[21].raw_author_name	Shao, Wenqi
authorships[21].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2024-04-26T00:00:00
display_name	MMT-Bench: A Comprehensive Multimodal Benchmark for Evaluating Large Vision-Language Models Towards Multitask AGI
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10824
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/17
primary_topic.field.display_name	Computer Science
primary_topic.score	0.779699981212616
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/1707
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
primary_topic.display_name	Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2961085424, https://openalex.org/W4306674287, https://openalex.org/W3046775127, https://openalex.org/W3107602296, https://openalex.org/W4394896187, https://openalex.org/W3170094116, https://openalex.org/W4386462264, https://openalex.org/W4364306694, https://openalex.org/W4312192474, https://openalex.org/W4283697347
cited_by_count	6
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	2
locations_count	2
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.16006
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	text
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006
primary_location.id	pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.16006
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400194
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	arXiv (Cornell University)
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	Cornell University
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I205783295
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url	https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16006
primary_location.version	submittedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	text
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	False
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16006
publication_date	2024-04-24
publication_year	2024
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.a	24, 45, 109
abstract_inverted_index.In	39
abstract_inverted_index.We	141
abstract_inverted_index.as	12, 80, 126
abstract_inverted_index.at	156
abstract_inverted_index.by	139
abstract_inverted_index.in	7, 35, 93
abstract_inverted_index.of	27, 106, 115
abstract_inverted_index.to	49, 97, 149
abstract_inverted_index.we	42
abstract_inverted_index.Due	96
abstract_inverted_index.and	15, 59, 65, 83, 90, 117, 131
abstract_inverted_index.in-	116
abstract_inverted_index.its	98
abstract_inverted_index.the	104, 113, 127, 135, 147
abstract_inverted_index.$30$	123
abstract_inverted_index.$32$	87
abstract_inverted_index.LVLM	37
abstract_inverted_index.core	88
abstract_inverted_index.from	75
abstract_inverted_index.map,	111
abstract_inverted_index.show	4
abstract_inverted_index.such	11, 79, 125
abstract_inverted_index.task	100, 110
abstract_inverted_index.that	143
abstract_inverted_index.this	40
abstract_inverted_index.will	145
abstract_inverted_index.$162$	91
abstract_inverted_index.LVLMs	51, 107, 124
abstract_inverted_index.Large	0
abstract_inverted_index.aimed	155
abstract_inverted_index.cover	23
abstract_inverted_index.posed	138
abstract_inverted_index.short	34
abstract_inverted_index.tasks	29, 55
abstract_inverted_index.using	108
abstract_inverted_index.Models	2
abstract_inverted_index.across	52
abstract_inverted_index.assess	50
abstract_inverted_index.expert	57
abstract_inverted_index.models	154
abstract_inverted_index.number	26
abstract_inverted_index.study,	41
abstract_inverted_index.tasks.	119
abstract_inverted_index.visual	13, 61, 73
abstract_inverted_index.(LVLMs)	3
abstract_inverted_index.GPT-4V,	129
abstract_inverted_index.curated	71
abstract_inverted_index.develop	150
abstract_inverted_index.driving	82
abstract_inverted_index.enables	103
abstract_inverted_index.falling	33
abstract_inverted_index.inspire	146
abstract_inverted_index.limited	25
abstract_inverted_index.massive	53
abstract_inverted_index.present	43
abstract_inverted_index.results	121
abstract_inverted_index.strides	6
abstract_inverted_index.testing	30
abstract_inverted_index.various	76
abstract_inverted_index.vehicle	81
abstract_inverted_index.$31,325$	69
abstract_inverted_index.However,	18
abstract_inverted_index.covering	86
abstract_inverted_index.designed	48
abstract_inverted_index.dialogue	14
abstract_inverted_index.embodied	16, 84
abstract_inverted_index.existing	19
abstract_inverted_index.subtasks	92
abstract_inverted_index.tracking	36
abstract_inverted_index.MMT-Bench	67, 102, 144
abstract_inverted_index.achieving	157
abstract_inverted_index.benchmark	47
abstract_inverted_index.community	148
abstract_inverted_index.comprises	68
abstract_inverted_index.coverage,	101
abstract_inverted_index.discovery	114
abstract_inverted_index.extensive	99
abstract_inverted_index.involving	122
abstract_inverted_index.knowledge	58
abstract_inverted_index.planning.	66
abstract_inverted_index.questions	74
abstract_inverted_index.requiring	56
abstract_inverted_index.scenarios	78
abstract_inverted_index.Evaluation	120
abstract_inverted_index.MMT-Bench,	44
abstract_inverted_index.MMT-Bench.	140
abstract_inverted_index.anticipate	142
abstract_inverted_index.benchmarks	22
abstract_inverted_index.challenges	137
abstract_inverted_index.deliberate	60
abstract_inverted_index.evaluation	21, 105
abstract_inverted_index.foundation	153
abstract_inverted_index.meta-tasks	89
abstract_inverted_index.multimodal	9, 20, 28, 54, 77, 94, 152, 159
abstract_inverted_index.reasoning,	64
abstract_inverted_index.underscore	134
abstract_inverted_index.navigation,	85
abstract_inverted_index.navigation.	17
abstract_inverted_index.proprietary	128
abstract_inverted_index.rudimentary	31
abstract_inverted_index.significant	5, 136
abstract_inverted_index.applications	10
abstract_inverted_index.development.	38
abstract_inverted_index.facilitating	112
abstract_inverted_index.meticulously	70
abstract_inverted_index.multi-choice	72
abstract_inverted_index.open-sourced	132
abstract_inverted_index.recognition,	62
abstract_inverted_index.capabilities,	32
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive	46
abstract_inverted_index.intelligence.	160
abstract_inverted_index.localization,	63
abstract_inverted_index.out-of-domain	118
abstract_inverted_index.InternVL-Chat,	133
abstract_inverted_index.understanding.	95
abstract_inverted_index.Vision-Language	1
abstract_inverted_index.general-purpose	8, 158
abstract_inverted_index.next-generation	151
abstract_inverted_index.GeminiProVision,	130
cited_by_percentile_year
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	22
citation_normalized_percentile