Modulating Arm Swing Symmetry with Cognitive Load: A Window on Rhythmic Spinal Locomotor Networks in Humans? Article Swipe
Tim Killeen
,
Chris Awai Easthope
,
Linard Filli
,
Michael Linnebank
,
Armin Curt
,
Marc Bolliger
,
Björn Zörner
·
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4554
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4554
In healthy subjects, changes in arm swing symmetry while walking are observed when a cognitive dual task is added, with a tendency toward left-dominant arm swing as cognitive load increases. We applied a modified Stroop word/color naming paradigm to investigate this effect in spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. Six patients with cervical SCI (cSCI), 6 with thoracic injuries (tSCI; all 12 patients American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Injury Score [AIS]D), and 12 healthy, matched controls underwent three-dimensional 3D gait analysis while walking normally at a comfortable speed (NW) and when performing an additional congruent (CS) and incongruent (IS) Stroop task. An arm swing symmetry index (ASI)-in which positive values indicate proportionally more movement on the left and vice versa-was calculated. Even in the baseline NW condition, all three subject groups showed larger arm movements on the left. In controls, ASI increased (NW, 13.7 ± 6.3; CS, 16.6 ± 6.4; IS, 19.6 ± 7.8) as the task became more demanding. A larger shift in tSCI patients (NW, 15.8 ± 6.0; CS, 23.4 ± 3.8; IS, 30.7 ± 4.4) was driven by a significant reduction in right wrist trajectory (p = 0.014), whereas cSCI patients showed a small reduction in mean ASI with high variability (NW, 14.2 ± 10.7; CS, 9.3 ± 13.5; IS, 6.0 ± 12.9). The effect of the IS task on ASI compared to baseline (NW) was significantly different between tSCI (+12.5 ± 6.3) and cSCI (-8.2 ± 6.0) patients (p = 0.011). Disruption of the long propriospinal connections coordinating arm and leg movements during walking may explain the heightened sensitivity to manipulation of cognitive load in tSCI, whereas the more robust automaticity in cSCI may be attributed to impaired supraspinal inputs in the context of preserved intraspinal pathways.
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- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4554
- https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/neu.2016.4554
- OA Status
- bronze
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 26
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2537438913
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W2537438913Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4554Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Modulating Arm Swing Symmetry with Cognitive Load: A Window on Rhythmic Spinal Locomotor Networks in Humans?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2016Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2016-08-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tim Killeen, Chris Awai Easthope, Linard Filli, Michael Linnebank, Armin Curt, Marc Bolliger, Björn ZörnerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2016.4554Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/neu.2016.4554Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
bronzeOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/neu.2016.4554Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Stroop effect, Cognition, Medicine, Psychology, Gait, Spinal cord injury, Audiology, Spinal cord, Physical therapy, Anesthesia, NeuroscienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2022: 1, 2020: 3, 2018: 1, 2017: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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26Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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