More jobs and less seasonal employment in California agriculture since 1990 Article Swipe
Zachariah Rutledge
,
Philip Martin
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008
Employment in California agriculture has increased over the past 30 years and has become less seasonal. There were an average of 404,000 farm jobs in California in 2020, 10% more than average employment of 367,000 in 1990. Meanwhile, seasonality, as measured by peak month employment divided by trough month employment, fell 22% over three decades, from 1.8 in 1990 to 1.4 in 2020. Most farmworkers have one farm employer a year, although that employer may be a labor contractor who moves workers from one farm to another. Most new workers in the California farm workforce are H-2A guest workers, the young and flexible Mexican workers who are legally authorized to work in the United States and who are often brought to farms by labor contractors. In the future, rising employment and declining seasonality, combined with an aging and settled farm workforce, may reduce farmworker migration and flexibility.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008
- https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 4
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4385986552
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4385986552Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
More jobs and less seasonal employment in California agriculture since 1990Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-08-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Zachariah Rutledge, Philip MartinList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Workforce, Agriculture, Farm workers, Seasonality, Business, Work (physics), Agricultural economics, Labour economics, Geography, Demographic economics, Economics, Economic growth, Engineering, Ecology, Mechanical engineering, Biology, ArchaeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
4Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4385986552 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4385986552 |
| fwci | 0.26418023 |
| type | article |
| title | More jobs and less seasonal employment in California agriculture since 1990 |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 77 |
| biblio.last_page | 56 |
| biblio.first_page | 49 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12732 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9204000234603882 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1110 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Plant Science |
| topics[0].display_name | Agriculture and Farm Safety |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2778139618 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7725372314453125 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Workforce |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C118518473 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6948406100273132 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Agriculture |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C3020807102 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6517828702926636 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5060555 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Farm workers |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C125403950 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5477981567382812 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Seasonality |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.49369773268699646 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Business |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C18762648 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4407764673233032 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Work (physics) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C48824518 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.42267918586730957 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Agricultural economics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C145236788 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3744394779205322 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Labour economics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C205649164 |
| concepts[8].level | 0 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.36802035570144653 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Geography |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C4249254 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3412623405456543 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Demographic economics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.26126280426979065 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C50522688 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.20049196481704712 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Economic growth |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.09213829040527344 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.06344366073608398 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C166957645 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Archaeology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7725372314453125 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Workforce |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/agriculture |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6948406100273132 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Agriculture |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/farm-workers |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6517828702926636 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Farm workers |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonality |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5477981567382812 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Seasonality |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[4].score | 0.49369773268699646 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Business |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/work |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4407764673233032 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Work (physics) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-economics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.42267918586730957 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Agricultural economics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-economics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3744394779205322 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Labour economics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geography |
| keywords[8].score | 0.36802035570144653 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Geography |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-economics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3412623405456543 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Demographic economics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.26126280426979065 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth |
| keywords[11].score | 0.20049196481704712 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Economic growth |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.09213829040527344 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology |
| keywords[13].score | 0.06344366073608398 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Ecology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S156283932 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0008-0845, 2160-8091 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0008-0845 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | California Agriculture |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | California Agriculture |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:266afcd5f6a4454d80771f4afe6a73cb |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | California Agriculture, Vol 77, Iss 2 (2023) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/266afcd5f6a4454d80771f4afe6a73cb |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:79a655a88e8844fb8539188d52a28f14 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | California Agriculture, Vol 77, Iss 02, Pp 49-56 (2023) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/79a655a88e8844fb8539188d52a28f14 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006241171 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Zachariah Rutledge |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Zachariah Rutledge |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5018139036 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-9725 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Philip Martin |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Philip Martin |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008 |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | More jobs and less seasonal employment in California agriculture since 1990 |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12732 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/11 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9204000234603882 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1110 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Plant Science |
| primary_topic.display_name | Agriculture and Farm Safety |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2125395284, https://openalex.org/W1962711591, https://openalex.org/W4308258967, https://openalex.org/W202945371, https://openalex.org/W2616486534, https://openalex.org/W4282936821, https://openalex.org/W2014145616, https://openalex.org/W2803396544, https://openalex.org/W3023070983, https://openalex.org/W580780109 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S156283932 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0008-0845, 2160-8091 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0008-0845 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | California Agriculture |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | California Agriculture |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S156283932 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0008-0845, 2160-8091 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0008-0845 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | California Agriculture |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310316178 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?type=pdf&article=ca.2023a0008 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | California Agriculture |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2023a0008 |
| publication_date | 2023-08-18 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3124157051, https://openalex.org/W6907526545, https://openalex.org/W6907461822, https://openalex.org/W4214810374 |
| referenced_works_count | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 69, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30 | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 18, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 41, 46, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 1, 24, 26, 35, 57, 61, 90, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 20, 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 59, 85, 109, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.4 | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.8 | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10% | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22% | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 11, 101, 115, 130, 137, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 95, 106, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 4, 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 74, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.one | 66, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 91, 99, 112, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 79, 105, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1990 | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.H-2A | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Most | 63, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farm | 22, 67, 84, 93, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fell | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 55, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jobs | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.less | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 6, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.past | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peak | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1990. | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2020. | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.There | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aging | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farms | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guest | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.labor | 77, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.month | 43, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moves | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.year, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.young | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.States | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.United | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduce | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rising | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trough | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.367,000 | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.404,000 | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mexican | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 19, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brought | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.divided | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.future, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.legally | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.settled | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workers | 81, 89, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.although | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.another. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combined | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decades, | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employer | 68, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexible | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workers, | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.declining | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.migration | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seasonal. | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workforce | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.California | 2, 25, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Employment | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Meanwhile, | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.authorized | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contractor | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employment | 32, 44, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farmworker | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workforce, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agriculture | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.employment, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.farmworkers | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contractors. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flexibility. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seasonality, | 38, 132 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Decent work and economic growth |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.77762753 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |