Multi-Objective Optimization Methods for University Campus Planning and Design—A Case Study of Dalian University of Technology Article Swipe
Lin Qi
,
Chaoran Chen
,
Jun Dong
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551
This study focuses on the multi-objective coordination problem in university campus planning and design, proposing an optimized methodology integrating an improved multi-objective decision-making framework. A five-dimensional objective system—comprising energy efficiency, spatial quality, economic cost, ecological benefits, and cultural expression—was established, alongside the identification and standardization of 29 key variables to construct mapping relationships among objective functions. On the algorithmic level, an adapted NSGA-III was implemented on the MATLAB platform (version R2022b), introducing a dynamic reference point mechanism and hybrid constraint-handling strategy to enhance convergence and solution diversity. Taking the northern residential area of the western campus of Dalian University of Technology as a case study, multiple Pareto-optimal solutions were generated. Five representative alternatives were selected and evaluated through the AHP–TOPSIS method to determine the optimal scheme. The results indicated significant improvements in energy, economic, spatial, and ecological dimensions, while also achieving quantifiable control over cultural expression. On this basis, an integrated optimization strategy targeting “form–function–environment–culture” was proposed, offering data-informed support and procedural reference for systematic campus planning. This study demonstrates the effectiveness, adaptability, and practical value of the proposed approach in addressing multi-objective conflicts in university planning.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 45
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4412515189
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4412515189Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Multi-Objective Optimization Methods for University Campus Planning and Design—A Case Study of Dalian University of TechnologyWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-07-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Lin Qi, Chaoran Chen, Jun DongList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Engineering management, Engineering, University campus, Computer science, Systems engineering, Architectural engineeringTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
45Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4412515189 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4412515189 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Multi-Objective Optimization Methods for University Campus Planning and Design—A Case Study of Dalian University of Technology |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G457418355 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320335787 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | DUT19RC (3) 044 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities |
| biblio.issue | 14 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 2551 |
| biblio.first_page | 2551 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10848 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9631999731063843 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11006 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9319999814033508 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2215 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Building and Construction |
| topics[1].display_name | BIM and Construction Integration |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12705 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9182000160217285 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[2].display_name | Educational Reforms and Innovations |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320335787 |
| funders[0].ror | |
| funders[0].display_name | Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C110354214 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5060150027275085 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Engineering management |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.4682289958000183 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C3019833807 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4300230145454407 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209465 |
| concepts[2].display_name | University campus |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4204578399658203 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C201995342 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3624414801597595 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Systems engineering |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C170154142 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.25738245248794556 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Architectural engineering |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5060150027275085 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Engineering management |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[1].score | 0.4682289958000183 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/university-campus |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4300230145454407 |
| keywords[2].display_name | University campus |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4204578399658203 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3624414801597595 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Systems engineering |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.25738245248794556 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Architectural engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Buildings |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Buildings |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3dcd5f7e88734e45926c166c815984e1 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Buildings, Vol 15, Iss 14, p 2551 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/3dcd5f7e88734e45926c166c815984e1 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100326350 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-8226 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Lin Qi |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210100192 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Public and Social Management Research, Party School of the CPC Dalian Municipal Committee, Dalian 116013, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210100192 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01ae4qf10 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210100192 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | CPC Heilongjiang Provincial Committee Party School |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Lin Qi |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Public and Social Management Research, Party School of the CPC Dalian Municipal Committee, Dalian 116013, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019987004 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6237-2999 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Chaoran Chen |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/023hj5876 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian University of Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Chaoran Chen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037690778 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7751-3715 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jun Dong |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/023hj5876 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Dalian University of Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jun Dong |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Multi-Objective Optimization Methods for University Campus Planning and Design—A Case Study of Dalian University of Technology |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10848 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9631999731063843 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1703 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Computational Theory and Mathematics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W4391913857, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W4396701345, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2001405890, https://openalex.org/W4396696052 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Buildings |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Buildings |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Buildings |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/14/2551/pdf?version=1753086396 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Buildings |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15142551 |
| publication_date | 2025-07-19 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2795968984, https://openalex.org/W4377136944, https://openalex.org/W4283378184, https://openalex.org/W6877922687, https://openalex.org/W3037287791, https://openalex.org/W2995562709, https://openalex.org/W2589801159, https://openalex.org/W3160777022, https://openalex.org/W2299782030, https://openalex.org/W2912472836, https://openalex.org/W2905200908, https://openalex.org/W6801252740, https://openalex.org/W4386006913, https://openalex.org/W3183319899, https://openalex.org/W4399012423, https://openalex.org/W4394871575, https://openalex.org/W2995474641, https://openalex.org/W2559510975, https://openalex.org/W2022485595, https://openalex.org/W4285285082, https://openalex.org/W2505015289, https://openalex.org/W4296251789, https://openalex.org/W4402229387, https://openalex.org/W4410494372, https://openalex.org/W4403671179, https://openalex.org/W2911539482, https://openalex.org/W2945142922, https://openalex.org/W4296849104, https://openalex.org/W4400818022, https://openalex.org/W4200307800, https://openalex.org/W4410559563, https://openalex.org/W4409283309, https://openalex.org/W2896463379, https://openalex.org/W4293771287, https://openalex.org/W2092756698, https://openalex.org/W6716986641, https://openalex.org/W2085507535, https://openalex.org/W2092553756, https://openalex.org/W2553769569, https://openalex.org/W4399982041, https://openalex.org/W1972591816, https://openalex.org/W3203563882, https://openalex.org/W4408041883, https://openalex.org/W3198952001, https://openalex.org/W2418223274 |
| referenced_works_count | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 72, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.29 | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 56, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 15, 19, 60, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 8, 131, 180, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 45, 92, 96, 99, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 3, 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 49, 81, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 12, 36, 43, 77, 84, 115, 135, 160, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 41, 57, 66, 88, 93, 118, 123, 170, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 63, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Five | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 108, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.value | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dalian | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MATLAB | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Taking | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basis, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.campus | 10, 95, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybrid | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level, | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study, | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adapted | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy, | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focuses | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mapping | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme. | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.support | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.western | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(version | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NSGA-III | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.R2022b), | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cultural | 37, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.northern | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solution | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 80, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alongside | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benefits, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conflicts | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construct | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determine | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanism | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective | 26, 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning. | 166, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.practical | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed, | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposing | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reference | 74, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeting | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variables | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Technology | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.University | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addressing | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diversity. | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ecological | 34, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework. | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generated. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrated | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.procedural | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.university | 9, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithmic | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.convergence | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimensions, | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency, | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression. | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.integrating | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introducing | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methodology | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residential | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AHP–TOPSIS | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alternatives | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coordination | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrates | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvements | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantifiable | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adaptability, | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data-informed | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relationships | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Pareto-optimal | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identification | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.representative | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-objective | 5, 21, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standardization | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression—was | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five-dimensional | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraint-handling | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system—comprising | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“form–function–environment–culture” | 154 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5037690778 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I27357992 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.2927695 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |