When a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is designed according to the traditional motor design theory, the performance of the motor is often challenging to achieve the desired goal, and further optimization of the motor design parameters is usually required. However, the motor is a strongly coupled, non-linear, multivariate complex system, and it is a challenge to optimize the motor by traditional optimization methods. It needs to rely on reliable surrogate models and optimization algorithms to improve the…