Multi-Period Production Optimization Decision Models under Net-Zero Transformation Article Swipe
Facing the goal of net-zero emissions in 2050, the EU will pilot the European Carbon Boundary Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in 2023 and formally implement it in 2026. The scope of control includes cement, electricity, fertilizer, steel, aluminum, and five high-carbon emission industries. In response to global net-zero emissions and CBAM trends, net-zero transformation is not only an environmental issue but also a major economic issue related to Taiwan’s aluminum wheel frame industry. This study aims to bridge this gap by developing novel decision-making models that consider the unique requirements and constraints of net-zero transition, leading to more efficient and sustainable production optimization strategies based on activity-based costing (ABC). This study proposes four possible multi-period production optimization decision-making models (carbon tax and credit combination models) under the net-zero emission transformation of the aluminum wheel frame industry, and it compares the models to test their differences. The results of the study point out that, due to the different roles of carbon tax and carbon credit, the profit and product structure under the net-zero transformation will be very different. Enterprises should formulate carbon emission reduction targets and carbon inventories as soon as possible.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439
- https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 29
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4376115247
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4376115247Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Multi-Period Production Optimization Decision Models under Net-Zero TransformationWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-05-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Wen-Hsien TsaiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Zero emission, Net profit, Profit (economics), Greenhouse gas, Payback period, Carbon tax, Decision model, Zero waste, Production (economics), Environmental economics, Business, Computer science, Engineering, Economics, Waste management, Microeconomics, Biology, Machine learning, EcologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2023: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
29Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4376115247 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4376115247 |
| fwci | 0.32348904 |
| type | article |
| title | Multi-Period Production Optimization Decision Models under Net-Zero Transformation |
| biblio.issue | 5 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | 1439 |
| biblio.first_page | 1439 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T13886 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| topics[0].score | 0.9763000011444092 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| topics[0].display_name | Operations Management Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10435 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9397000074386597 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2305 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Environmental Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Environmental Impact and Sustainability |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11976 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| topics[2].score | 0.910099983215332 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2003 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Finance |
| topics[2].display_name | Capital Investment and Risk Analysis |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2165 |
| apc_paid.value | 2000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C118334743 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7474851012229919 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846292 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Zero emission |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C100716732 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6473228931427002 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570938 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Net profit |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C181622380 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5895407199859619 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Profit (economics) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C47737302 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5179589986801147 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Greenhouse gas |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C144553756 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4925025403499603 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15081665 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Payback period |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2778976125 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.48948538303375244 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288401 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Carbon tax |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C59594135 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.453466534614563 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249242 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Decision model |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2777495674 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4274529814720154 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1772402 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Zero waste |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2778348673 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.423580527305603 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Production (economics) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C134560507 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.357832670211792 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Environmental economics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3398398160934448 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Business |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.2873305678367615 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.22363772988319397 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.20080995559692383 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C548081761 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.1844521164894104 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Waste management |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C175444787 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.10206079483032227 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Microeconomics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C119857082 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Machine learning |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Ecology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-emission |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7474851012229919 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Zero emission |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/net-profit |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6473228931427002 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Net profit |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/profit |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5895407199859619 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Profit (economics) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5179589986801147 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Greenhouse gas |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/payback-period |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4925025403499603 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Payback period |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax |
| keywords[5].score | 0.48948538303375244 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Carbon tax |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-model |
| keywords[6].score | 0.453466534614563 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Decision model |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-waste |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4274529814720154 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Zero waste |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/production |
| keywords[8].score | 0.423580527305603 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Production (economics) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.357832670211792 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Environmental economics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3398398160934448 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Business |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[11].score | 0.2873305678367615 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.22363772988319397 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.20080995559692383 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management |
| keywords[14].score | 0.1844521164894104 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Waste management |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics |
| keywords[15].score | 0.10206079483032227 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Microeconomics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/pr11051439 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Processes |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Processes |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2227-9717/11/5/1439/ |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Text |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Processes; Volume 11; Issue 5; Pages: 1439 |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065963023 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9627-2809 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Wen-Hsien Tsai |
| authorships[0].countries | TW |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I22265921 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I22265921 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00944ve71 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I22265921 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | National Central University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Wen-Hsien Tsai |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Multi-Period Production Optimization Decision Models under Net-Zero Transformation |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T13886 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/18 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Decision Sciences |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9763000011444092 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1803 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Management Science and Operations Research |
| primary_topic.display_name | Operations Management Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4239895606, https://openalex.org/W171613872, https://openalex.org/W2052120095, https://openalex.org/W2802912033, https://openalex.org/W4366783303, https://openalex.org/W4384469199, https://openalex.org/W3014124022, https://openalex.org/W4293861221, https://openalex.org/W3016941801, https://openalex.org/W4240936443 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/pr11051439 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Processes |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Processes |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/pr11051439 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201879 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2227-9717 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2227-9717 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Processes |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/11/5/1439/pdf?version=1683716536 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Processes |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11051439 |
| publication_date | 2023-05-09 |
| publication_year | 2023 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6845631075, https://openalex.org/W4289354032, https://openalex.org/W4200237152, https://openalex.org/W3105413259, https://openalex.org/W4205542820, https://openalex.org/W4229369045, https://openalex.org/W2017211592, https://openalex.org/W2021692806, https://openalex.org/W2902036854, https://openalex.org/W2981704798, https://openalex.org/W2913372208, https://openalex.org/W3122726673, https://openalex.org/W3082681783, https://openalex.org/W4283328459, https://openalex.org/W3016636124, https://openalex.org/W3128255802, https://openalex.org/W1485103108, https://openalex.org/W2126455198, https://openalex.org/W2318362946, https://openalex.org/W4294946178, https://openalex.org/W4206404362, https://openalex.org/W89772516, https://openalex.org/W2072888154, https://openalex.org/W2336728627, https://openalex.org/W1988727442, https://openalex.org/W4210642242, https://openalex.org/W2011773050, https://openalex.org/W2131165239, https://openalex.org/W4306871005 |
| referenced_works_count | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EU | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 186, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 6, 19, 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 24, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 29, 91, 129, 146, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 44, 66, 75, 95, 140, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 27, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 21, 37, 48, 89, 98, 120, 135, 160, 165, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tax | 119, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 1, 8, 12, 86, 125, 130, 138, 147, 154, 163, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2023 | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CBAM | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 72, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.goal | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.soon | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 10, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2026. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2050, | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frame | 70, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.issue | 58, 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.major | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pilot | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.point | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scope | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 73, 109, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 124, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wheel | 69, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ABC). | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CBAM) | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Carbon | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Facing | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bridge | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbon | 158, 161, 179, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.credit | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.global | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 83, 117, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.profit | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steel, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(carbon | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cement, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.costing | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.credit, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leading | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models) | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.product | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.related | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targets | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trends, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Boundary | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.European | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aluminum | 68, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compares | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consider | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.economic | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emission | 40, 127, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formally | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.includes | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.net-zero | 4, 46, 51, 92, 126, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mechanism | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aluminum, | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emissions | 5, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulate | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implement | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry. | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible. | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Adjustment | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Taiwan’s | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 100, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Enterprises | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constraints | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fertilizer, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-carbon | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industries. | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inventories | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sustainable | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transition, | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differences. | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electricity, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-period | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 101, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity-based | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transformation | 52, 128, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making | 82, 116 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 94 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5065963023 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 1 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I22265921 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.56843441 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |