Multiphase Diagenetic Processes and Their Impact on Reservoir Character of the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Kingriali Formation, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan Article Swipe
Imran Ahmad
,
Mumtaz Muhammad Shah
,
Hammad Tariq Janjuhah
,
Anna Travé
,
Assimina Antonarakou
,
George Kontakiotis
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081049
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081049
Multiple episodes of dolomitization of the shallow marine carbonates of the Late Kingriali Formation resulted in regional scale mappable dolostone geobodies in the Kohat and Potwar sub-basins. With the exception of few unaltered patches of the host limestone, more than 90% of the carbonates of the studied formation are diagenetically altered by replacive dolomites with associated dolomite cementation. Petrographical and geochemical data interpretation reveals that during the initial stage of dolomitization, the precursor limestone was significantly modified by the fabric-retentive replacive dolomite (RD-I) and produced bulk dolostones with non-planar-a to planar-s crystals. Neomorphic recrystallization (RD-II) was observed as an overgrowth of the already formed RD-I dolomite crystals during progressive dolomitization. The seawater at shallow depths is enriched with Fe-ions due to its interaction with Fe-rich beds within the studied formation. The modified seawater actively participated in the formation of ferroan replacive dolomites (RD-III). Stable isotopic composition of the unaltered Echinoderm plates, calcite cement (CC-I), and RD-I demonstrates signatures of δ18O and δ13C within the limit of late Triassic marine seawater or modified seawater. Depletion in the stable oxygen isotopic composition (from −0.99‰ to −3.75‰ V-PDB) demonstrates that RD-II and RD-III were formed in a sequence with progressively higher temperature fluids than normal seawater. Precipitation of dolomite cements as cavity filling rhombs (DC-I) and crystal overgrowth (DC-II) with highly depleted δ18O values (−5.44‰ to −7.45‰ V-PDB) illustrates dolomite cementation at higher temperatures and greater depths. The highly depleted values of δ18O (up to −9.16‰ V-PDB) and (up to 0.42‰ V-PDB) for δ13C of saddle dolomite (SD-I) indicate the precipitation of SD-I as a cavity filling dolomite at considerable depth. Calcite cementation and calcitization actively participated in the early, middle, and late diagenetic modifications as interpreted from their petrographic and stable isotopic studies. Porosity enhancement is clearly demonstrated by dissolution, stylolization, fracturing, and replacement dolomitization. Dolomite and calcite cementation had a negative impact on the reservoir character and occluded the dolostone porosity to a greater extent.
Related Topics
Concepts
Dolomitization
Dolomite
Geology
Diagenesis
Calcite
Seawater
Carbonate
Cementation (geology)
Recrystallization (geology)
Geochemistry
Petrography
Dolostone
Mineralogy
Anhydrite
Paleontology
Carbonate rock
Sedimentary rock
Gypsum
Facies
Chemistry
Structural basin
Cement
Oceanography
Organic chemistry
Archaeology
History
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081049
- https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1049/pdf?version=1661237684
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 21
- References
- 81
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4292566958
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4292566958Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081049Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Multiphase Diagenetic Processes and Their Impact on Reservoir Character of the Late Triassic (Rhaetian) Kingriali Formation, Upper Indus Basin, PakistanWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-08-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Imran Ahmad, Mumtaz Muhammad Shah, Hammad Tariq Janjuhah, Anna Travé, Assimina Antonarakou, George KontakiotisList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/min12081049Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1049/pdf?version=1661237684Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/8/1049/pdf?version=1661237684Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Dolomitization, Dolomite, Geology, Diagenesis, Calcite, Seawater, Carbonate, Cementation (geology), Recrystallization (geology), Geochemistry, Petrography, Dolostone, Mineralogy, Anhydrite, Paleontology, Carbonate rock, Sedimentary rock, Gypsum, Facies, Chemistry, Structural basin, Cement, Oceanography, Organic chemistry, Archaeology, HistoryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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21Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5, 2024: 5, 2023: 8, 2022: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
81Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 96 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5018836246, https://openalex.org/A5082112700 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I12469534, https://openalex.org/I1308893265 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8899999856948853 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Life below water |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.98435781 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |