Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle Article Swipe
Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla
,
Edward Chesney
,
Joanne Neale
,
Nicola Metrebian
,
Nicola J. Kalk
,
Arne Kristian Skulberg
,
Paul Dietze
,
Martin P. Smith
,
John Strang
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060
The opioid overdose epidemic remains a critical public health crisis. In recent years, synthetic opioids like fentanyl and nitazenes, have driven a sharp rise in deaths. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, has been established as a key intervention for reversing opioid overdoses and saving lives. However, there remains a critical need to optimize naloxone dosing strategies. This article examines the challenges of both under‐dosing and over‐antagonism in naloxone administration, emphasizing the importance of a tailored approach to overdose management. A ‘just the right dose’ approach is essential for minimizing the risks of over‐antagonism while still reversing opioid overdose. This involves starting with a modest naloxone dose and carefully titrating it based on the patient's response, considering factors such as opioid type, overdose severity, and opioid tolerance. A tailored approach to naloxone dosing may present challenges for non‐medically trained responders but it can ensure that as many people as possible receive the right dose of naloxone when they need it. Training programs should also emphasize the importance of first aid and supportive care, including airway management and alerting emergency services, as well as careful monitoring of the patient's response.
Related Topics
Concepts
Opioid overdose
(+)-Naloxone
Dosing
Medicine
Opioid antagonist
Opioid
Opioid use disorder
Intensive care medicine
Fentanyl
Anesthesia
Pharmacology
Internal medicine
Receptor
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 55
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4409244715
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4409244715Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principleWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-04-08Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla, Edward Chesney, Joanne Neale, Nicola Metrebian, Nicola J. Kalk, Arne Kristian Skulberg, Paul Dietze, Martin P. Smith, John StrangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Opioid overdose, (+)-Naloxone, Dosing, Medicine, Opioid antagonist, Opioid, Opioid use disorder, Intensive care medicine, Fentanyl, Anesthesia, Pharmacology, Internal medicine, ReceptorTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
55Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4409244715 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40197810 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4409244715 |
| fwci | 32.37138106 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D009270 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Naloxone |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000506 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D000701 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | poisoning |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Analgesics, Opioid |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D000083682 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Opiate Overdose |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D062787 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Drug Overdose |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D004305 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D009270 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Naloxone |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000506 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D000701 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | poisoning |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Analgesics, Opioid |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D000083682 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Opiate Overdose |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D062787 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Drug Overdose |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D004305 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D009270 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Naloxone |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | Q000008 |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D009292 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | administration & dosage |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Narcotic Antagonists |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | Q000506 |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D000701 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | poisoning |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Analgesics, Opioid |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D000083682 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Opiate Overdose |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | Q000188 |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D062787 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | drug therapy |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Drug Overdose |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D004305 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Dose-Response Relationship, Drug |
| type | article |
| title | Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle |
| biblio.issue | 11 |
| biblio.volume | 120 |
| biblio.last_page | 2172 |
| biblio.first_page | 2165 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10576 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2739 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| topics[0].display_name | Opioid Use Disorder Treatment |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11199 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.998199999332428 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2703 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine |
| topics[1].display_name | Pain Management and Opioid Use |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10645 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.998199999332428 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2711 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Emergency Medicine |
| topics[2].display_name | Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 4170 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 4170 |
| apc_paid.value | 4170 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 4170 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779148768 |
| concepts[0].level | 5 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8193143606185913 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154378 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Opioid overdose |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2778750930 |
| concepts[1].level | 4 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7978192567825317 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4540629 |
| concepts[1].display_name | (+)-Naloxone |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2777288759 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7717318534851074 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4164182 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Dosing |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.7012941241264343 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2775962371 |
| concepts[4].level | 5 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6871721744537354 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908096 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Opioid antagonist |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C2781063702 |
| concepts[5].level | 3 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6217746138572693 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Opioid |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779418921 |
| concepts[6].level | 4 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5259649753570557 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639178 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Opioid use disorder |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C177713679 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5033549666404724 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2781072394 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.47557345032691956 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407541 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Fentanyl |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C42219234 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4733422100543976 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Anesthesia |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C98274493 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.32225745916366577 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Pharmacology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.1060221791267395 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C170493617 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Receptor |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-overdose |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8193143606185913 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Opioid overdose |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/naloxone |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7978192567825317 |
| keywords[1].display_name | (+)-Naloxone |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dosing |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7717318534851074 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Dosing |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[3].score | 0.7012941241264343 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-antagonist |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6871721744537354 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Opioid antagonist |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6217746138572693 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Opioid |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-use-disorder |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5259649753570557 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Opioid use disorder |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intensive-care-medicine |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5033549666404724 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Intensive care medicine |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/fentanyl |
| keywords[8].score | 0.47557345032691956 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Fentanyl |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4733422100543976 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Anesthesia |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.32225745916366577 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Pharmacology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[11].score | 0.1060221791267395 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Internal medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1111/add.70060 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S70513841 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0965-2140, 1360-0443 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0965-2140 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Addiction |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Addiction |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40197810 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Addiction (Abingdon, England) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40197810 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11334391 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400806 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Europe PMC (PubMed Central) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | European Bioinformatics Institute |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1303153112 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12529241 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:kclpure.kcl.ac.uk:publications/56dbcb4a-7964-4ba7-8f1e-86c7162f6af2 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source | |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Utrilla, M G, Chesney, E, Neale, J, Metrebian, N, Kalk, N, Skulberg, A K, Dietze, P, Smith, M & Strang, J 2025, 'Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids : Applying the Goldilocks principle', Addiction (Abingdon, England). https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/56dbcb4a-7964-4ba7-8f1e-86c7162f6af2 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5092550752 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7632-7396 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Mariana Gonzalez Utrilla |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082512337 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2851-5252 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Edward Chesney |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/015803449 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Edward Chesney |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028696190 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5983 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Joanne Neale |
| authorships[2].countries | AU, GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03r8z3t63 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I31746571 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | UNSW Sydney |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Joanne Neale |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia, National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040315189 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3581-1703 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Nicola Metrebian |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Nicola Metrebian |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047884739 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-9243 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Nicola J. Kalk |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/015803449 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Nicola Kalk |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074292839 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1735-4820 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Arne Kristian Skulberg |
| authorships[5].countries | NO |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1281400175 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Prehospital Services Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204778367 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204778367 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05xg72x27 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204778367 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | NO |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I1281400175 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00j9c2840 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1281400175 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | NO |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | Oslo University Hospital |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Arne Kristian Skulberg |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway, Division of Prehospital Services Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047149020 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-6234 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Paul Dietze |
| authorships[6].countries | AU |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I145902186 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205640436 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | National Drug Research Institute and Enable Institute Curtin University Melbourne Australia |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I145902186 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05ktbsm52 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I145902186 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Burnet Institute |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I205640436 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02n415q13 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205640436 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | AU |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | Curtin University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Paul Dietze |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Disease Elimination Program Burnet Institute Melbourne Australia, National Drug Research Institute and Enable Institute Curtin University Melbourne Australia |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5084171970 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-6516 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Martin P. Smith |
| authorships[7].countries | GB |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210121323 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Derby UK |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210121323 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02zfxwc21 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210121323 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Derbyshire Community Health Services NHS Foundation Trust |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Martin Smith |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust Derby UK |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060812676 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-2725 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | John Strang |
| authorships[8].countries | GB |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0220mzb33 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | King's College London |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/015803449 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I200323923 |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[8].institutions[1].display_name | South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust |
| authorships[8].author_position | last |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | John Strang |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | National Addiction Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London London UK, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust London UK |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-04-08T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10576 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2739 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health |
| primary_topic.display_name | Opioid Use Disorder Treatment |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4225293048, https://openalex.org/W2530122656, https://openalex.org/W2270184272, https://openalex.org/W2274143071, https://openalex.org/W2803046635, https://openalex.org/W4393282542, https://openalex.org/W4386467258, https://openalex.org/W2909505011, https://openalex.org/W3000553612, https://openalex.org/W2887803294 |
| cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 5 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1111/add.70060 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S70513841 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 0965-2140, 1360-0443 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 0965-2140 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Addiction |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Addiction |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1111/add.70060 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S70513841 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0965-2140, 1360-0443 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0965-2140 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Addiction |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/add.70060 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Addiction |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/add.70060 |
| publication_date | 2025-04-08 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4408279597, https://openalex.org/W4323687937, https://openalex.org/W1975817655, https://openalex.org/W2126273530, https://openalex.org/W2921247864, https://openalex.org/W4392796714, https://openalex.org/W2898413844, https://openalex.org/W4391809867, https://openalex.org/W4386250399, https://openalex.org/W4312067570, https://openalex.org/W6847579814, https://openalex.org/W2771307521, https://openalex.org/W2945596904, https://openalex.org/W2971512351, https://openalex.org/W4376873082, https://openalex.org/W2921971750, https://openalex.org/W2987084759, https://openalex.org/W3185586214, https://openalex.org/W3034888056, https://openalex.org/W4283687102, https://openalex.org/W2971146264, https://openalex.org/W1997491304, https://openalex.org/W2790484282, https://openalex.org/W4389736905, https://openalex.org/W2605459466, https://openalex.org/W4385803252, https://openalex.org/W4396869737, https://openalex.org/W1953169031, https://openalex.org/W2773156929, https://openalex.org/W3171387315, https://openalex.org/W4391656721, https://openalex.org/W2953881576, https://openalex.org/W4200009295, https://openalex.org/W4388899265, https://openalex.org/W2792336458, https://openalex.org/W3047460180, https://openalex.org/W2977628517, https://openalex.org/W4281550170, https://openalex.org/W2989012433, https://openalex.org/W4392236366, https://openalex.org/W4402560505, https://openalex.org/W3083416016, https://openalex.org/W2167382416, https://openalex.org/W2146585615, https://openalex.org/W4210965505, https://openalex.org/W4385820709, https://openalex.org/W4386817724, https://openalex.org/W4392376506, https://openalex.org/W4402985322, https://openalex.org/W4390900875, https://openalex.org/W2801543916, https://openalex.org/W2580429140, https://openalex.org/W3028300866, https://openalex.org/W2943484739, https://openalex.org/W4293195005 |
| referenced_works_count | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 80, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 6, 22, 36, 49, 74, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 35, 119, 145, 148, 180, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 25, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 110, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 62, 73, 92, 154, 167, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 52, 77, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aid | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 18, 43, 65, 107, 124, 170, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 39, 88, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 60, 71, 82, 90, 113, 151, 165, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 57, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dose | 106, 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 51, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rise | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.care, | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.first | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.right | 83, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risks | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sharp | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.type, | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.airway | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dosing | 55, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driven | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensure | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lives. | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modest | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opioid | 2, 29, 41, 97, 120, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saving | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.years, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.careful | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crisis. | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deaths. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dose’ | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opioids | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receive | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.remains | 5, 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trained | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘just | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Training | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alerting | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 76, 85, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 7, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemic | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fentanyl | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involves | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.naloxone | 54, 68, 105, 131, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimize | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overdose | 3, 78, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.programs | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.receptor | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.starting | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tailored | 75, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Naloxone, | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carefully | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emergency | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasize | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overdose. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overdoses | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient's | 114, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.response. | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reversing | 40, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.services, | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severity, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthetic | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.titrating | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 61, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 72, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimizing | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nitazenes, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.responders | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supportive | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tolerance. | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antagonist, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considering | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.management. | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervention | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under‐dosing | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.administration, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non‐medically | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over‐antagonism | 66, 93 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8600000143051147 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.9898746 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |