Nanomaterial categorization by surface reactivity: A case study comparing 35 materials with four different test methods Article Swipe
Aileen Bahl
,
Bryan Hellack
,
Martin Wiemann
,
Anna Maria Giusti
,
Kai Werle
,
Andrea Haase
,
Wendel Wohlleben
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234
Nanomaterials (NMs) can be manufactured in plenty of variants differing in their physicochemical properties. Functional assays can be highly useful to cope with the enormous variability by supporting prioritization and categorization. Oxidative potential (OP) seems to be in particular important in this context and different assays are available. However, their reliability and predictivity are not well-characterized. This study compares four different test methods for measuring NM OP. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured on a set of 35 different materials, all extensively characterized with respect to physicochemical properties and most of them with respect to toxicity. Different acellular assays were applied, namely electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using CPH spin probe and DMPO spin trap, and the ferric reduction ability of serum (FRAS) assay. In addition, protein carbonylation as a marker for oxidative protein damage was analyzed in NRK-52E cells. All assays were assessed individually for their predictivity compared to established toxicological endpoints. We also aimed to identify the optimal assay combination using multivariate logistic regression and other statistical measures. BET surface area-based doses were more suitable to relate surface reactivity to toxicity. In addition, normalization to the deposited dose was advantageous for cellular assays as it improved the predictivity for in vitro as well as in vivo toxicity. The carbonylation assay, potentially in combination with ESR (DMPO spin trap) or FRAS assay, led to the best predictive performance. In summary, we propose a testing strategy for NM OP and demonstrated the applicability in an extended case study on 35 materials. This work is an important contribution towards reliable grouping and testing strategies for NMs.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 41
- References
- 61
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3039308217
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3039308217Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Nanomaterial categorization by surface reactivity: A case study comparing 35 materials with four different test methodsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-07-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Aileen Bahl, Bryan Hellack, Martin Wiemann, Anna Maria Giusti, Kai Werle, Andrea Haase, Wendel WohllebenList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Context (archaeology), Chemistry, Toxicity, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology, Materials science, Biology, Organic chemistry, PaleontologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
41Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 8, 2023: 6, 2022: 11, 2021: 8Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
61Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3039308217 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| ids.mag | 3039308217 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3039308217 |
| fwci | 2.32651511 |
| type | article |
| title | Nanomaterial categorization by surface reactivity: A case study comparing 35 materials with four different test methods |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G381388919 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321114 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 03XP0002 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 19 |
| biblio.last_page | 100234 |
| biblio.first_page | 100234 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10079 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9961000084877014 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11434 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/16 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Chemistry |
| topics[1].score | 0.9958999752998352 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1603 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrochemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Electrochemical Analysis and Applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10447 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9872999787330627 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[2].display_name | Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321114 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/04pz7b180 |
| funders[0].display_name | Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2930 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2930 |
| apc_paid.value | 2930 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2930 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779343474 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5480350852012634 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5030853152275085 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C29730261 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4678659439086914 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Toxicity |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C138631740 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.44212764501571655 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967847 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Nanomaterials |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.2617667615413666 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.2526171803474426 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.137351393699646 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.08572930097579956 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C151730666 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Paleontology |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/context |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5480350852012634 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Context (archaeology) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5030853152275085 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4678659439086914 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Toxicity |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomaterials |
| keywords[3].score | 0.44212764501571655 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Nanomaterials |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[4].score | 0.2617667615413666 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.2526171803474426 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.137351393699646 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry |
| keywords[7].score | 0.08572930097579956 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898242488 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2452-0748 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2452-0748 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | NanoImpact |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | NanoImpact |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049879087 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Aileen Bahl |
| authorships[0].countries | DE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03k3ky186 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801133538, https://openalex.org/I2801963157 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Federal Institute for Risk Assessment |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Aileen Bahl |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025215980 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2398-982X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Bryan Hellack |
| authorships[1].countries | DE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210154243 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128716 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128716 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0329ynx05 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128716 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | German Environment Agency |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210154243 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/04hbw4m86 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210154243, https://openalex.org/I62318514 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Bryan Hellack |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | German Environment Agency (UBA), Dessau, Germany, Institute for Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. (IUTA), Duisburg, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024542005 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-8601 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Martin Wiemann |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Münster, Germany |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Martin Wiemann |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | IBE R&D Institute for Lung Health gGmbH, Münster, Germany |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5024188748 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-3732 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Anna Maria Giusti |
| authorships[3].countries | DE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03k3ky186 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801133538, https://openalex.org/I2801963157 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Federal Institute for Risk Assessment |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Anna Giusti |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5014619914 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kai Werle |
| authorships[4].countries | DE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | BASF SE, Department of Material Physics, Ludwigshafen, Germany |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01q8f6705 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | BASF (Germany) |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kai Werle |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | BASF SE, Department of Material Physics, Ludwigshafen, Germany |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101686741 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-7876 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Andrea Haase |
| authorships[5].countries | DE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2801133538 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03k3ky186 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801133538, https://openalex.org/I2801963157 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Federal Institute for Risk Assessment |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Andrea Haase |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Chemical and Product Safety, Berlin, Germany |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007700138 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2094-3260 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Wendel Wohlleben |
| authorships[6].countries | DE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | BASF SE, Department of Material Physics, Ludwigshafen, Germany |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01q8f6705 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | BASF (Germany) |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Wendel Wohlleben |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | BASF SE, Department of Material Physics, Ludwigshafen, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Nanomaterial categorization by surface reactivity: A case study comparing 35 materials with four different test methods |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10079 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9961000084877014 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4387497383, https://openalex.org/W2948807893, https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2778153218, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W1531601525, https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2078814861, https://openalex.org/W2527526854, https://openalex.org/W1976181487 |
| cited_by_count | 41 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898242488 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2452-0748 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2452-0748 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | NanoImpact |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | NanoImpact |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2898242488 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2452-0748 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2452-0748 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | NanoImpact |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | NanoImpact |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2020.100234 |
| publication_date | 2020-07-01 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2088467325, https://openalex.org/W2005675920, https://openalex.org/W2195616206, https://openalex.org/W2102429044, https://openalex.org/W2110605441, https://openalex.org/W2017527731, https://openalex.org/W2098811469, https://openalex.org/W2133378107, https://openalex.org/W2041634593, https://openalex.org/W2134724878, https://openalex.org/W2086561195, https://openalex.org/W2149790826, https://openalex.org/W2171528132, https://openalex.org/W2178548726, https://openalex.org/W2078129874, https://openalex.org/W2116384075, https://openalex.org/W2776885897, https://openalex.org/W2621031125, https://openalex.org/W2969875029, https://openalex.org/W1977913875, https://openalex.org/W6684144992, https://openalex.org/W6743909586, https://openalex.org/W2776704451, https://openalex.org/W2476100260, https://openalex.org/W2027912899, https://openalex.org/W2091619250, https://openalex.org/W2153584068, https://openalex.org/W2129146157, https://openalex.org/W2042791400, https://openalex.org/W2006451106, https://openalex.org/W2204750929, https://openalex.org/W2342851231, https://openalex.org/W1965351120, https://openalex.org/W1879099706, https://openalex.org/W2755434307, https://openalex.org/W2289506341, https://openalex.org/W3001373118, https://openalex.org/W2056008941, https://openalex.org/W2775802685, https://openalex.org/W2343635104, https://openalex.org/W2130920625, https://openalex.org/W1983937216, https://openalex.org/W2059826080, https://openalex.org/W2087292928, https://openalex.org/W1999921360, https://openalex.org/W2115215892, https://openalex.org/W2080323087, https://openalex.org/W2062430935, https://openalex.org/W1985031521, https://openalex.org/W2621884880, https://openalex.org/W2290248210, https://openalex.org/W2792449792, https://openalex.org/W6732741914, https://openalex.org/W2973573826, https://openalex.org/W2076202551, https://openalex.org/W2151988198, https://openalex.org/W2576445018, https://openalex.org/W1481348228, https://openalex.org/W2163773652, https://openalex.org/W2572065792, https://openalex.org/W2751759899 |
| referenced_works_count | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 75, 130, 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.35 | 78, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 125, 184, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NM | 65, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OP | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 245, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 129, 196, 204, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 3, 17, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 5, 10, 37, 40, 138, 202, 207, 214, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 77, 91, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 74, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 20, 35, 86, 95, 150, 157, 178, 182, 187, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.All | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BET | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CPH | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ESR | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.OP. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 29, 43, 51, 89, 112, 116, 167, 240, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 46, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 2, 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 63, 132, 146, 193, 201, 237, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.led | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 23, 117, 159, 188, 199, 226, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 72, 136, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(OP) | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DMPO | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FRAS | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NMs. | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 56, 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.best | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cope | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dose | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spin | 104, 110, 114, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vivo | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 100, 143, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 22, 84, 93, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.work | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DMPO | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ESR) | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NMs) | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ROS) | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aimed | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assay | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doses | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probe | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seems | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.serum | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 57, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 11, 49, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trap) | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trap, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 108, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(FRAS) | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assay, | 212, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assay. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assays | 15, 45, 99, 142, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ferric | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highly | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.marker | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxygen | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plenty | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relate | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.useful | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NRK-52E | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein | 127, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respect | 85, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.species | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface | 172, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.testing | 235, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Reactive | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applied, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessed | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compares | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enormous | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grouping | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.logistic | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suitable | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.summary, | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variants | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Different | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Oxidative | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acellular | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 126, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deposited | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 44, 60, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.differing | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 39, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures. | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measuring | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidative | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resonance | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicity. | 96, 183, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Functional | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area-based | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available. | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endpoints. | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.materials. | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictive | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactivity | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regression | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 162, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensively | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties. | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.statistical | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variability | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advantageous | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contribution | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individually | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manufactured | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multivariate | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predictivity | 52, 148, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nanomaterials | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applicability | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carbonylation | 128, 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterized | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normalization | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicological | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prioritization | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.categorization. | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 12, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well-characterized. | 55 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5101686741, https://openalex.org/A5007700138 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801133538, https://openalex.org/I4210107087 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.88193104 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |