Nasopharyngeal Proteomic Profiles from Patients Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Article Swipe
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· 2025
· Open Access
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· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/covid5110192
· OA: W4416337028
This study investigated proteomic differences in nasopharyngeal swabs of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients from Manaus (Brazil) who were hospitalized during the devastating first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, before the emergence of the deadly P1 SARS-CoV-2 strain. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis compared 16 matched COVID-19 patient profiles: eight survivors and eight fatalities. A total of 1604 proteins were identified in fatality swabs, and 981 in the swabs of survivors. Our study provides new insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying first-wave COVID-19 deaths from Manaus and identifies hypoxia-related HYOU1, endothelial injury-associated S100A10, and some viral replication proteins (DDX1/17, XPO1) as potential biomarkers of fatal infections. The proteomic profiles of the swabs taken from patients that died collectively suggest that many of the first wave COVID-19 fatalities in Manaus suffered immune-system collapse. Survivor patient swabs showed elevated levels of immune defense proteins (FN1, C4BPA, IGKV1-5), indicating effective antiviral responses. Gene ontology analysis revealed dysregulated secretory pathways in fatalities and did not detect the defense-response pathways in fatality-group datasets that were observed in survivor protein datasets. Interestingly, the NOS2 protein, previously associated with first-wave fatalities, was found exclusively in our fatality swabs.
