Nature-Inspired Intelligent α-Fair Hybrid Precoding in Multiuser Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434
This paper proposes a novel nature-inspired α-fair hybrid precoding (NI-αHP) technique for millimeter-wave multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. Unlike the existing HP literature, we propose to apply -fairness for maintaining various fairness expectations (e.g., sum-rate maximization, proportional fairness, max-min fairness, etc.). After developing the analog RF beamformer via slow time-varying angular information, the digital baseband (BB) precoder is designed via the reduced-dimensional effective channel matrix seen from the BB-stage. For the α-fairness, we derive the optimal digital BB precoder expression with a set of parameters, where optimizing them is an NP-hard problem. Hence, we efficiently optimize the parameters in the digital BB precoder via five nature-inspired intelligent algorithms. Numerical results present that when the sum-rate maximization is the target, the proposed NI-αHP technique greatly improves the sum-rate capacity and energy-efficiency performance compared to other benchmarks. Moreover, NI-αHP supports different fairness expectations and reduces the rate gap among UEs by varying the fairness level (α).
Related Topics
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434
- https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 37
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4285042401
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4285042401Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Nature-Inspired Intelligent α-Fair Hybrid Precoding in Multiuser Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output SystemsWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-07-11Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Asil Koç, Tho Le‐NgocList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Precoding, Maximization, Baseband, Computer science, Max-min fairness, Channel (broadcasting), Set (abstract data type), Mathematical optimization, MIMO, Bandwidth (computing), Mathematics, Telecommunications, Computer network, Resource allocation, Programming languageTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
37Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4285042401 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4285042401 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Nature-Inspired Intelligent α-Fair Hybrid Precoding in Multiuser Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10262 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Microwave Engineering and Waveguides |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10936 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9984999895095825 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10187 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9970999956130981 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C160562895 |
| concepts[0].level | 4 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8811521530151367 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Precoding |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776330181 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7782326936721802 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Maximization |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C65165936 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7738323211669922 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Baseband |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6422861218452454 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C177972170 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5257008075714111 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17097315 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Max-min fairness |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C127162648 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.47508707642555237 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C177264268 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4298042058944702 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Set (abstract data type) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C126255220 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.3812927007675171 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C207987634 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.35915473103523254 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862 |
| concepts[8].display_name | MIMO |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2776257435 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.26337340474128723 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Bandwidth (computing) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.209598571062088 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C76155785 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.20587420463562012 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C31258907 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.1740301251411438 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer network |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C29202148 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Resource allocation |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Programming language |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8811521530151367 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Precoding |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7782326936721802 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Maximization |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7738323211669922 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Baseband |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6422861218452454 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/max-min-fairness |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5257008075714111 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Max-min fairness |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/channel |
| keywords[5].score | 0.47508707642555237 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Channel (broadcasting) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/set |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4298042058944702 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Set (abstract data type) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization |
| keywords[7].score | 0.3812927007675171 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo |
| keywords[8].score | 0.35915473103523254 |
| keywords[8].display_name | MIMO |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth |
| keywords[9].score | 0.26337340474128723 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Bandwidth (computing) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.209598571062088 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications |
| keywords[11].score | 0.20587420463562012 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Telecommunications |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network |
| keywords[12].score | 0.1740301251411438 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer network |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source | |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021064781 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-0377 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Asil Koç |
| authorships[0].countries | CA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Asil Koc |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5026464766 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Tho Le‐Ngoc |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Tho Le-Ngoc |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Nature-Inspired Intelligent α-Fair Hybrid Precoding in Multiuser Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10262 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Microwave Engineering and Waveguides |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3043012182, https://openalex.org/W2766377856, https://openalex.org/W2923653414, https://openalex.org/W2218593314, https://openalex.org/W2964208014, https://openalex.org/W3092909888, https://openalex.org/W4236889978, https://openalex.org/W2142840076, https://openalex.org/W4320858391, https://openalex.org/W2946311804 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source | |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source | |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.techrxiv.org/articles/preprint/Nature-Inspired_Intelligent_-Fair_Hybrid_Precoding_in_Multiuser_Massive_Multiple-Input_Multiple-Output_Systems/20272434/1/files/36210408.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.20272434 |
| publication_date | 2022-07-11 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2072599023, https://openalex.org/W4286795345, https://openalex.org/W3080475059, https://openalex.org/W3159568408, https://openalex.org/W3157904282, https://openalex.org/W4205161799, https://openalex.org/W2962785465, https://openalex.org/W3021261488, https://openalex.org/W2781054684, https://openalex.org/W2015301486, https://openalex.org/W2606038387, https://openalex.org/W2964212138, https://openalex.org/W2006367686, https://openalex.org/W1969791930, https://openalex.org/W2072079297, https://openalex.org/W2910166370, https://openalex.org/W4302591925, https://openalex.org/W3015088323, https://openalex.org/W2212527311, https://openalex.org/W2101727634, https://openalex.org/W4285256443, https://openalex.org/W1432778544, https://openalex.org/W2109800347, https://openalex.org/W2805657678, https://openalex.org/W2895677730, https://openalex.org/W2787376805, https://openalex.org/W3187132557, https://openalex.org/W3153590903, https://openalex.org/W2195693430, https://openalex.org/W2739324738, https://openalex.org/W2151554678, https://openalex.org/W2605344455, https://openalex.org/W2792845087, https://openalex.org/W2559625626, https://openalex.org/W4280548894, https://openalex.org/W2150912223, https://openalex.org/W1975009952 |
| referenced_works_count | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BB | 77, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.HP | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RF | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 57, 88, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 25, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 23, 72, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.For | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.UEs | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 128, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 11, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 19, 43, 52, 60, 67, 70, 74, 96, 99, 113, 117, 119, 125, 143, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 47, 59, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BB) | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seen | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slow | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.them | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.apply | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hence, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unlike | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analog | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derive | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.etc.). | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hybrid | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.matrix | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NI-αHP | 121, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NP-hard | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.angular | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channel | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.digital | 53, 76, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.greatly | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.massive | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.max-min | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.propose | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduces | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target, | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.varying | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.α-fair | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseband | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.existing | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fairness | 31, 139, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimize | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precoder | 56, 78, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem. | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sum-rate | 34, 114, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supports | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NI-αHP) | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-fairness | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BB-stage. | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Numerical | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fairness, | 37, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precoding | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 10, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beamformer | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developing | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expression | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-user | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimizing | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithms. | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmarks. | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiently | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intelligent | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maintaining | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expectations | 32, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information, | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximization | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportional | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time-varying | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.α-fairness, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.<p>This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximization, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-input | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(α).</p> | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.millimeter-wave | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-output | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nature-inspired | 5, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy-efficiency | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced-dimensional | 61 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.8999999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.05364603 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |