Need for zkSpeed: Accelerating HyperPlonk for Zero-Knowledge Proofs Article Swipe

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Alhad Daftardar , Jianqiao Mo , Joey Ah-kiow , Benedikt Bünz , Ramesh Karri , Siddharth Garg , Brandon Reagen ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3695053.3731021

Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are rapidly gaining importance in privacy-preserving and verifiable computing. ZKPs enable a proving party to prove the truth of a statement to a verifying party without revealing anything else. ZKPs have applications in blockchain technologies, verifiable machine learning, and electronic voting, but have yet to see widespread adoption due to the computational complexity of the proving process. Recent works have accelerated the key primitives of state-of-the-art ZKP protocols on GPU and ASIC. However, the protocols accelerated thus far face one of two challenges: they either require a trusted setup for each application, or they generate larger proof sizes with higher verification costs, limiting their applicability in scenarios with numerous verifiers or strict verification time constraints. This work presents an accelerator, zkSpeed, for HyperPlonk, a state-of-the-art ZKP protocol that supports both one-time, universal setup and small proof sizes for typical ZKP applications in publicly verifiable, consensus-based systems. We accelerate the entire protocol, including two major primitives: SumCheck and Multi-scalar Multiplications (MSMs). We develop a full-chip architecture using 366.46 mm$^2$ and 2 TB/s of bandwidth to accelerate the entire proof generation process, achieving geometric mean speedups of 801$\times$ over CPU baselines.

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Zero-knowledge proof Computer science Mathematical proof Zero (linguistics) Mathematics Computer security Cryptography Philosophy Geometry Linguistics

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Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1145/3695053.3731021
PDF: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3695053.3731021
OA Status: gold
Cited By: 3
References: 43
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4411486290

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3695053.3731021

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Title: Need for zkSpeed: Accelerating HyperPlonk for Zero-Knowledge Proofs

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Type: preprint

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Language: en

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Publication year: 2025

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Publication date: 2025-06-20

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Authors: Alhad Daftardar, Jianqiao Mo, Joey Ah-kiow, Benedikt Bünz, Ramesh Karri, Siddharth Garg, Brandon Reagen

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1145/3695053.3731021

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PDF URL: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3695053.3731021

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Concepts: Zero-knowledge proof, Computer science, Mathematical proof, Zero (linguistics), Mathematics, Computer security, Cryptography, Philosophy, Geometry, Linguistics

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Cited by: 3

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abstract_inverted_index.and	9, 41, 73, 136, 159, 171
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abstract_inverted_index.but	44
abstract_inverted_index.due	51
abstract_inverted_index.far	80
abstract_inverted_index.for	92, 124, 140
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abstract_inverted_index.one	82
abstract_inverted_index.see	48
abstract_inverted_index.the	19, 53, 57, 64, 76, 151, 178
abstract_inverted_index.two	84, 155
abstract_inverted_index.yet	46
abstract_inverted_index.TB/s	173
abstract_inverted_index.This	118
abstract_inverted_index.ZKPs	12, 32
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abstract_inverted_index.each	93
abstract_inverted_index.face	81
abstract_inverted_index.have	33, 45, 62
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abstract_inverted_index.work	119
abstract_inverted_index.ASIC.	74
abstract_inverted_index.else.	31
abstract_inverted_index.major	156
abstract_inverted_index.party	16, 27
abstract_inverted_index.proof	99, 138, 180
abstract_inverted_index.prove	18
abstract_inverted_index.setup	91, 135
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abstract_inverted_index.small	137
abstract_inverted_index.their	106
abstract_inverted_index.truth	20
abstract_inverted_index.using	168
abstract_inverted_index.works	61
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abstract_inverted_index.366.46	169
abstract_inverted_index.Proofs	1
abstract_inverted_index.Recent	60
abstract_inverted_index.costs,	104
abstract_inverted_index.either	87
abstract_inverted_index.enable	13
abstract_inverted_index.entire	152, 179
abstract_inverted_index.higher	102
abstract_inverted_index.larger	98
abstract_inverted_index.mm$^2$	170
abstract_inverted_index.strict	114
abstract_inverted_index.(MSMs).	162
abstract_inverted_index.develop	164
abstract_inverted_index.gaining	5
abstract_inverted_index.machine	39
abstract_inverted_index.proving	15, 58
abstract_inverted_index.rapidly	4
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abstract_inverted_index.trusted	90
abstract_inverted_index.typical	141
abstract_inverted_index.voting,	43
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abstract_inverted_index.However,	75
abstract_inverted_index.SumCheck	158
abstract_inverted_index.adoption	50
abstract_inverted_index.anything	30
abstract_inverted_index.generate	97
abstract_inverted_index.limiting	105
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abstract_inverted_index.publicly	145
abstract_inverted_index.speedups	186
abstract_inverted_index.supports	131
abstract_inverted_index.systems.	148
abstract_inverted_index.zkSpeed,	123
abstract_inverted_index.achieving	183
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abstract_inverted_index.full-chip	166
abstract_inverted_index.geometric	184
abstract_inverted_index.including	154
abstract_inverted_index.learning,	40
abstract_inverted_index.one-time,	133
abstract_inverted_index.protocol,	153
abstract_inverted_index.protocols	70, 77
abstract_inverted_index.revealing	29
abstract_inverted_index.scenarios	109
abstract_inverted_index.statement	23
abstract_inverted_index.universal	134
abstract_inverted_index.verifiers	112
abstract_inverted_index.verifying	26
abstract_inverted_index.accelerate	150, 177
abstract_inverted_index.baselines.	191
abstract_inverted_index.blockchain	36
abstract_inverted_index.complexity	55
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abstract_inverted_index.widespread	49
abstract_inverted_index.801$\times$	188
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abstract_inverted_index.technologies,	37
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