Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gastroschisis Article Swipe
Dayna T. Neo
,
Tania A. Desrosiers
,
Chantel L. Martin
,
Suzan L. Carmichael
,
Müge Güçsavaş‐Çalıkoğlu
,
Kristin M. Conway
,
Shannon Pruitt Evans
,
Marcia L. Feldkamp
,
Suzanne M. Gilboa
,
Tabassum Z. Insaf
,
Fadi I. Musfee
,
Gary M. Shaw
,
Charles Shumate
,
Martha M. Werler
,
Andrew F. Olshan
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001621
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001621
Background: Neighborhood-level socioeconomic position has been shown to influence birth outcomes, including selected birth defects. This study examines the un derstudied association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic position during early pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis, an abdominal birth defect of increasing prevalence. Methods: We conducted a case–control study of 1,269 gastroschisis cases and 10,217 controls using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011). To characterize neighborhood-level socioeconomic position, we conducted a principal component analysis to construct two indices—Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position Index (nSEPI). We created neighborhood-level indices using census socioeconomic indicators corresponding to census tracts associated with addresses where mothers lived the longest during the periconceptional period. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with multiple imputations for missing data and adjustment for maternal race–ethnicity, household income, education, birth year, and duration of residence. Results: Mothers residing in moderate (NDI Tertile 2 aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.48 and nSEPI Tertile 2 aOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.49) or low socioeconomic neighborhoods (NDI Tertile 3 aOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55 and nSEPI Tertile 3 aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.61) were more likely to deliver an infant with gastroschisis compared with mothers residing in high socioeconomic neighborhoods. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that lower neighborhood-level socioeconomic position during early pregnancy is associated with elevated odds of gastroschisis. Additional epidemiologic studies may aid in confirming this finding and evaluating potential mechanisms linking neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors and gastroschisis.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001621
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 9
- References
- 63
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4361020187
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4361020187Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001621Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of GastroschisisWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-03-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Dayna T. Neo, Tania A. Desrosiers, Chantel L. Martin, Suzan L. Carmichael, Müge Güçsavaş‐Çalıkoğlu, Kristin M. Conway, Shannon Pruitt Evans, Marcia L. Feldkamp, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Tabassum Z. Insaf, Fadi I. Musfee, Gary M. Shaw, Charles Shumate, Martha M. Werler, Andrew F. OlshanList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000001621Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10291502/pdf/nihms-1886070.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Gastroschisis, Socioeconomic status, Medicine, Demography, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, Pregnancy, Odds, Residence, Obstetrics, Logistic regression, Population, Environmental health, Fetus, Internal medicine, Genetics, Biology, SociologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
9Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 3, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
63Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| authorships[0].author.display_name | Dayna T. Neo |
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| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
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| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
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| authorships[1].author.display_name | Tania A. Desrosiers |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[1].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
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| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Tania A. Desrosiers |
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| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
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| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1907-0810 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Chantel L. Martin |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
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| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
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| authorships[2].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[2].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033tgbx59 |
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| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
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| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0130frc33 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
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| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Chantel L. Martin |
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| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002873786 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-5924 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Suzan L. Carmichael |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
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| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f54p054 |
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| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I97018004 |
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| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Stanford University |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/033tgbx59 |
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| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | The Centers |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Suzan L. Carmichael |
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| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5003186283 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Müge Güçsavaş‐Çalıkoğlu |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033tgbx59 |
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| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | The Centers |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0130frc33 |
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| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114027177 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Muge Gucsavas-Calikoglu |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
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| authorships[5].author.display_name | Kristin M. Conway |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[5].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
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| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033tgbx59 |
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| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | The Centers |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Kristin M. Conway |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
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| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9954-3720 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Shannon Pruitt Evans |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210143613 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Eagle Global Scientific LLC, San Antonio, TX |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[6].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
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| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03z55y406 |
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| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | The Centers |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Shannon Pruitt Evans |
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| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Eagle Global Scientific LLC, San Antonio, TX, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5021724364 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9171-7848 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Marcia L. Feldkamp |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
| authorships[7].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I223532165 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT |
| authorships[7].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/033tgbx59 |
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| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | The Centers |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I223532165 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03r0ha626 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I223532165 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of Utah |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Marcia L. Feldkamp |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, Submitted August 10, 2022, Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com)., The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062646384 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-6667 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Suzanne M. Gilboa |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | accepted March 24, 2023 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. |
| authorships[8].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Submitted August 10, 2022 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com). |
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| abstract_inverted_index.aOR | 155, 167, 182, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aid | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 29, 51, 82, 122, 133, 143, 163, 190, 247, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 130, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 18, 30, 57, 106, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NDI | 152, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.48 | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.55 | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 55, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.odds | 119, 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 101, 127, 209, 212, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NDI) | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ORs) | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1,269 | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.03, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.04, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.05, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.09, | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.23; | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.24; | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.28; | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.32, | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.49) | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1.61) | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Birth | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Index | 80, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Study | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.birth | 9, 13, 36, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cases | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.early | 27, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lived | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nSEPI | 164, 191 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.study | 16, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 54, 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.year, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CIs), | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10,217 | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.census | 93, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defect | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 26, 108, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infant | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.likely | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tracts | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Defects | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mothers | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Tertile | 153, 165, 180, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deliver | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factors | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finding | 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.income, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indices | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linking | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.longest | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.missing | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mothers | 104, 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(nSEPI). | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods: | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.National | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Position | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results: | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compared | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controls | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defects. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.duration | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elevated | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examines | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maternal | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position | 3, 25, 227 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.selected | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.abdominal | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addresses | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.component | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducted | 43, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.construct | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equations | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.household | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influence | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intervals | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes, | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position, | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pregnancy | 28, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principal | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additional | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Prevention | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adjustment | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 100, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confidence | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirming | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derstudied | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.education, | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimating | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicators | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.residence. | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background: | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Deprivation | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.association | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generalized | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imputations | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevalence. | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions: | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Neighborhood | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Socioeconomic | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.corresponding | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.epidemiologic | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gastroschisis | 49, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neighborhoods | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.socioeconomic | 2, 24, 67, 94, 177, 217, 226, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1997–2011). | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case–control | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gastroschisis, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gastroschisis. | 237, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neighborhoods. | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.periconceptional | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.race–ethnicity, | 137 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.indices—Neighborhood | 78 |
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| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5002172683 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 15 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114027177, https://openalex.org/I4210124306 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1 |
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| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | No poverty |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.92066575 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |