NIH Toolbox executive function measures with developmental extensions: Reliability and validity with preschoolers in emergency housing Article Swipe
Rebecca Distefano
,
Aria E. Fiat
,
J. Merrick
,
Jerry Slotkin
,
Philip David Zelazo
,
Stephanie M. Carlson
,
Ann S. Masten
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1888905
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1888905
Research has shown that executive function (EF) skills are associated with resilience in preschoolers experiencing risk and adversity, but these studies have typically relied on large batteries of tasks to measure children's EF skills. There is a need for brief, reliable EF assessments that can be used in the field with diverse young children. The current study assessed the validity and test-retest reliability of two tablet-based EF tasks from the NIH Toolbox: The Dimensional Change Card Sort (DCCS) and the Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test, each with a developmental extension (Dext) that is triggered when a child struggles with the standardized versions. Dext versions include easier levels intended to improve task accessibility for younger and disadvantaged children. Eighty-six preschoolers residing in emergency housing participated in two study sessions about one week apart, completing tablet-based DCCS-Dext and Flanker-Dext tasks, along with a table-top EF task (Peg-Tapping) and measures of vocabulary and numeracy. The majority of participants triggered the Dext portion of the DCCS and almost half triggered the Dext portion of the Flanker, underscoring the need for extensions of the Toolbox EF tasks to lower the floor of these measures. The Dext EF measures were positively associated with Peg-Tapping, after controlling for age and vocabulary, indicating construct validity. They were also correlated with math achievement, suggesting criterion validity. DCCS-Dext and Flanker-Dext showed moderate test-retest reliability after one week. Together, these findings demonstrate the value of developmental extensions for assessing EF skills among children experiencing risk and adversity.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1888905
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 19
- References
- 27
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
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All OpenAlex metadata
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https://openalex.org/W3134577749Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1888905Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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NIH Toolbox executive function measures with developmental extensions: Reliability and validity with preschoolers in emergency housingWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2021Year of publication
- Publication date
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2021-03-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Rebecca Distefano, Aria E. Fiat, J. Merrick, Jerry Slotkin, Philip David Zelazo, Stephanie M. Carlson, Ann S. MastenList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2021.1888905Publisher landing page
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
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greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8282650Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Psychology, Toolbox, Reliability (semiconductor), Function (biology), Executive functions, Developmental psychology, Validity, Test validity, Clinical psychology, Cognition, Psychometrics, Psychiatry, Programming language, Computer science, Physics, Quantum mechanics, Biology, Power (physics), Evolutionary biologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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19Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 3, 2024: 5, 2023: 3, 2022: 6, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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