Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A Review Article Swipe
Martino De Carlo
,
Francesco De Leonardis
,
Richard Soref
,
Luigi Colatorti
,
Vittorio M. N. Passaro
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22113977
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22113977
Recently, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians have gained a lot of interest, especially in optics and electronics. In particular, the existence of real eigenvalues of non-Hermitian systems has opened a wide set of possibilities, especially, but not only, for sensing applications, exploiting the physics of exceptional points. In particular, the square root dependence of the eigenvalue splitting on different design parameters, exhibited by 2 × 2 non-Hermitian Hamiltonian matrices at the exceptional point, paved the way to the integration of high-performance sensors. The square root dependence of the eigenfrequencies on the design parameters is the reason for a theoretically infinite sensitivity in the proximity of the exceptional point. Recently, higher-order exceptional points have demonstrated the possibility of achieving the nth root dependence of the eigenfrequency splitting on perturbations. However, the exceptional sensitivity to external parameters is, at the same time, the major drawback of non-Hermitian configurations, leading to the high influence of noise. In this review, the basic principles of PT-symmetric and anti-PT-symmetric Hamiltonians will be shown, both in photonics and in electronics. The influence of noise on non-Hermitian configurations will be investigated and the newest solutions to overcome these problems will be illustrated. Finally, an overview of the newest outstanding results in sensing applications of non-Hermitian photonics and electronics will be provided.
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Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s22113977
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/3977/pdf?version=1653393317
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 64
- References
- 115
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4281476699
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4281476699Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/s22113977Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Non-Hermitian Sensing in Photonics and Electronics: A ReviewWork title
- Type
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reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2022Year of publication
- Publication date
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2022-05-24Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Martino De Carlo, Francesco De Leonardis, Richard Soref, Luigi Colatorti, Vittorio M. N. PassaroList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/s22113977Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/3977/pdf?version=1653393317Direct link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/3977/pdf?version=1653393317Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Hermitian matrix, Photonics, Hamiltonian (control theory), Electronics, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Square root, Physics, Quantum mechanics, Mathematics, Electrical engineering, Engineering, Geometry, Mathematical optimizationTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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64Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 30, 2024: 18, 2023: 13, 2022: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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115Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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