OIL, DEVELOPMENT, AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE: A PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM THE MIDDLE EAST Article Swipe
Md Riyazuddin Khan
,
Mohammad Imdadul Haque
·
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)
In the Middle East, vast oil reserves led to economic modernization and prosperity in the region. However, it is one of the most conflict-prone regions. This paper studies the relationship between military spending, oil and development in Middle Eastern countries using a panel data fixed effect for country-level observations over the period 1986–2016. The relationship between development and conflict will not be uniform throughout the region. Therefore, to test this hypothesis, the study categorized oil exporting countries into three parts that are countries with above average oil export, below average oil export and no oil export. The estimates show a significant reduction in military spending over time and the most declines were observed in the countries where oil export is above average than the Middle East. The results indicate a significant inverse relationship between the military spending with exports and oil rents in overall Middle East analysis and for countries whose average oil export is greater than the Middle East. It is also found that the military burden adversely affects economic growth across all the model specification. However, military spending is declining over time which indicates that there is a reverse causality between development and conflict. It is crucial finding in the context of peace and development literature
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 9
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2948235353
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W2948235353Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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OIL, DEVELOPMENT, AND MILITARY EXPENDITURE: A PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM THE MIDDLE EASTWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2019Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2019-06-04Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Md Riyazuddin Khan, Mohammad Imdadul HaqueList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)Publisher landing page
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://doi.org/10.9770/jssi.2019.8.4(1)Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Middle East, Panel data, Prosperity, Economics, Modernization theory, Context (archaeology), Development economics, Economic rent, Economy, Geography, Economic growth, Econometrics, Archaeology, MicroeconomicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
9Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 1, 2024: 2, 2023: 1, 2021: 1, 2020: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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