On a highway to the brain: A review on nose-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticles Article Swipe
María Lina Formica
,
Daniel Andrés Real
,
Matías L. Picchio
,
Elise Catlin
,
Ryan F. Donnelly
,
Alejandro J. Paredes
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631
The administration of drugs to the central nervous system (CNS) is primarily controlled by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structure that prevents the passage of foreign compounds from the blood to the brain's extracellular fluid. Although currently available treatments for brain diseases that affect millions of people globally are partially effective, they are associated with severe side effects of systemic drug distribution. On the other hand, the ability of certain drugs to permeate through the BBB is impeded by their physicochemical properties, achieving sub-therapeutic concentrations in their target tissues. In this sense, the intranasal route with its unique anatomical features provides a promising passage for the delivery of drugs to the brain. Nanoparticle-based systems, in particular, have demonstrated an outstanding capacity to overcome the challenges presented by the intranasal route and produce drug accumulation in the brain while avoiding systemic distribution. This review covers recent developments in the use of polymer, lipid, and inorganic nanoparticles, as well as drug nanocrystals, to deliver drugs to the brain via intranasal administration. A general discussion including favourable aspects and limitations of this approach is also provided.
Related Topics
Concepts
Nasal administration
Drug delivery
Drug
Blood–brain barrier
Drug delivery to the brain
Distribution (mathematics)
Pharmacology
Medicine
Central nervous system
Systemic administration
Neuroscience
Nanotechnology
Materials science
Psychology
Biology
Internal medicine
In vivo
Mathematics
Biotechnology
Mathematical analysis
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 224
- References
- 154
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4294597228
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4294597228Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
On a highway to the brain: A review on nose-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticlesWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-09-05Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
María Lina Formica, Daniel Andrés Real, Matías L. Picchio, Elise Catlin, Ryan F. Donnelly, Alejandro J. ParedesList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Nasal administration, Drug delivery, Drug, Blood–brain barrier, Drug delivery to the brain, Distribution (mathematics), Pharmacology, Medicine, Central nervous system, Systemic administration, Neuroscience, Nanotechnology, Materials science, Psychology, Biology, Internal medicine, In vivo, Mathematics, Biotechnology, Mathematical analysisTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
224Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 97, 2024: 83, 2023: 44Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
154Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4294597228 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4294597228 |
| fwci | 27.221301 |
| type | review |
| title | On a highway to the brain: A review on nose-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticles |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 29 |
| biblio.last_page | 101631 |
| biblio.first_page | 101631 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10920 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/30 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3003 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Pharmaceutical Science |
| topics[0].display_name | Advanced Drug Delivery Systems |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10407 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].display_name | Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10704 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/30 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics |
| topics[2].score | 0.9976000189781189 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3003 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Pharmaceutical Science |
| topics[2].display_name | Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3500 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3500 |
| apc_paid.value | 3500 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3500 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C85663871 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8790153861045837 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Nasal administration |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779820397 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6595805287361145 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Drug delivery |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780035454 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.642299234867096 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Drug |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2778402981 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6099961400032043 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221694 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Blood–brain barrier |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C134728086 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5938535928726196 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966900 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Drug delivery to the brain |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C110121322 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5397812128067017 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Distribution (mathematics) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C98274493 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4965243935585022 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Pharmacology |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.47937920689582825 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C529278444 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.44581085443496704 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Central nervous system |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C25938499 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4358506500720978 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663812 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Systemic administration |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C169760540 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.37804147601127625 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Neuroscience |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.34293869137763977 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.17325446009635925 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C15744967 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.15252169966697693 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Psychology |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.14216139912605286 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.13809439539909363 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C207001950 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.10439768433570862 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124 |
| concepts[16].display_name | In vivo |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C150903083 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Biotechnology |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C134306372 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Mathematical analysis |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-administration |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8790153861045837 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Nasal administration |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6595805287361145 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Drug delivery |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/drug |
| keywords[2].score | 0.642299234867096 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Drug |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/blood–brain-barrier |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6099961400032043 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Blood–brain barrier |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-delivery-to-the-brain |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5938535928726196 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Drug delivery to the brain |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5397812128067017 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Distribution (mathematics) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacology |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4965243935585022 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Pharmacology |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[7].score | 0.47937920689582825 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system |
| keywords[8].score | 0.44581085443496704 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Central nervous system |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-administration |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4358506500720978 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Systemic administration |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience |
| keywords[10].score | 0.37804147601127625 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Neuroscience |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.34293869137763977 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.17325446009635925 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology |
| keywords[13].score | 0.15252169966697693 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Psychology |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[14].score | 0.14216139912605286 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Biology |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[15].score | 0.13809439539909363 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo |
| keywords[16].score | 0.10439768433570862 |
| keywords[16].display_name | In vivo |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764609219 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2352-9407, 2352-9415 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2352-9407 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Applied Materials Today |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Applied Materials Today |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022542568 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7225-0998 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | María Lina Formica |
| authorships[0].countries | AR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I151201029, https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I151201029 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cqe8w59 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I151201029, https://openalex.org/I4210123736, https://openalex.org/I4387155568 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | AR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/056tb7j80 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | AR |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | María L. Formica |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | CONICET and Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067524357 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5189-680X |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Daniel Andrés Real |
| authorships[1].countries | CL |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210131520, https://openalex.org/I69737025 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS) and Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210131520 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/036mwh061 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210131520 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CL |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I69737025 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/047gc3g35 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I69737025 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CL |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Chile |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Daniel A. Real |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS) and Departamento de Química Farmacológica y Toxicológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santos Dumont 964, Independencia, Santiago 8380494, Chile |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060779908 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-5992 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Matías L. Picchio |
| authorships[2].countries | AR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I151201029, https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IPQA, CONICET-UNC, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I151201029 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03cqe8w59 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I151201029, https://openalex.org/I4210123736, https://openalex.org/I4387155568 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | AR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/056tb7j80 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I166401450 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | AR |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | Universidad Nacional de Córdoba |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Matías L. Picchio |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, IPQA, CONICET-UNC, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba 5000, Argentina |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067539357 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8247-5840 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Elise Catlin |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hswnk62 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Queen's University Belfast |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Elise Catlin |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035668087 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0766-4147 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Ryan F. Donnelly |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hswnk62 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Queen's University Belfast |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Ryan F. Donnelly |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5070773926 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0414-8972 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Alejandro J. Paredes |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00hswnk62 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Queen's University Belfast |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Alejandro J. Paredes |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | On a highway to the brain: A review on nose-to-brain drug delivery using nanoparticles |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10920 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/30 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3003 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Pharmaceutical Science |
| primary_topic.display_name | Advanced Drug Delivery Systems |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2214346462, https://openalex.org/W63763533, https://openalex.org/W3113873825, https://openalex.org/W4206148291, https://openalex.org/W1963008167, https://openalex.org/W2035745039, https://openalex.org/W2889490627, https://openalex.org/W2010207640, https://openalex.org/W4225434064, https://openalex.org/W2050725278 |
| cited_by_count | 224 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 97 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 83 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 44 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764609219 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2352-9407, 2352-9415 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2352-9407 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Applied Materials Today |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Applied Materials Today |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764609219 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2352-9407, 2352-9415 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2352-9407 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Applied Materials Today |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Applied Materials Today |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2022.101631 |
| publication_date | 2022-09-05 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3006585696, https://openalex.org/W2014537537, https://openalex.org/W2101099825, https://openalex.org/W2794171684, https://openalex.org/W2031483215, https://openalex.org/W2801808920, https://openalex.org/W3031589546, https://openalex.org/W3138364107, https://openalex.org/W6788805016, https://openalex.org/W2051575873, https://openalex.org/W2998745568, https://openalex.org/W3175526367, https://openalex.org/W2908110420, https://openalex.org/W6746615677, https://openalex.org/W2604218485, https://openalex.org/W2435053065, https://openalex.org/W3197875435, https://openalex.org/W2775238672, https://openalex.org/W1993346263, https://openalex.org/W2786145144, https://openalex.org/W2913537223, https://openalex.org/W2003726865, https://openalex.org/W6777213839, https://openalex.org/W2557589914, https://openalex.org/W1867070834, https://openalex.org/W3019069855, https://openalex.org/W2999983612, https://openalex.org/W2990420133, https://openalex.org/W3021538679, https://openalex.org/W3091770228, https://openalex.org/W2750980441, https://openalex.org/W2807496839, https://openalex.org/W2765264352, https://openalex.org/W2169381689, https://openalex.org/W3181918330, https://openalex.org/W2035838068, https://openalex.org/W283621748, https://openalex.org/W2046370080, https://openalex.org/W3176582958, https://openalex.org/W3096285735, https://openalex.org/W3007134804, https://openalex.org/W3048996502, https://openalex.org/W2914016174, https://openalex.org/W2944891656, https://openalex.org/W2908169428, https://openalex.org/W3046258544, https://openalex.org/W3049634014, https://openalex.org/W2086719948, https://openalex.org/W2091249249, https://openalex.org/W1988749800, https://openalex.org/W2085106089, https://openalex.org/W6647351205, https://openalex.org/W2792702566, https://openalex.org/W2560387665, https://openalex.org/W2965013078, https://openalex.org/W1963832082, https://openalex.org/W2118656007, https://openalex.org/W2334882569, https://openalex.org/W2741304277, https://openalex.org/W2972587866, https://openalex.org/W1966555332, https://openalex.org/W2098911149, https://openalex.org/W3012573620, https://openalex.org/W2905374041, https://openalex.org/W3130760084, https://openalex.org/W2938472543, https://openalex.org/W2995443995, https://openalex.org/W2580700764, https://openalex.org/W3007997158, https://openalex.org/W3023383116, https://openalex.org/W2843205677, https://openalex.org/W3023014688, https://openalex.org/W3037379202, https://openalex.org/W3154506927, https://openalex.org/W2969220141, https://openalex.org/W2935358028, https://openalex.org/W3017095400, https://openalex.org/W2908240380, https://openalex.org/W2913050511, https://openalex.org/W3106099778, https://openalex.org/W3044719830, https://openalex.org/W2993706396, https://openalex.org/W3037748468, https://openalex.org/W3042409186, https://openalex.org/W2902227823, https://openalex.org/W2078937040, https://openalex.org/W2077134890, https://openalex.org/W2976718112, https://openalex.org/W2117104281, https://openalex.org/W3136298349, https://openalex.org/W2901601715, https://openalex.org/W3098409386, https://openalex.org/W3091792712, https://openalex.org/W2883685474, https://openalex.org/W2956329363, https://openalex.org/W2888168367, https://openalex.org/W2519307991, https://openalex.org/W6782340320, https://openalex.org/W2120292768, https://openalex.org/W3139109446, https://openalex.org/W2528096704, https://openalex.org/W2144843667, https://openalex.org/W2037585162, https://openalex.org/W428571530, https://openalex.org/W2780719111, https://openalex.org/W3108697356, https://openalex.org/W7073578012, https://openalex.org/W2008495939, https://openalex.org/W2794116909, https://openalex.org/W2578377241, https://openalex.org/W3134904601, https://openalex.org/W4220832129, https://openalex.org/W2508470425, https://openalex.org/W2955377425, https://openalex.org/W3115819299, https://openalex.org/W6771002694, https://openalex.org/W3137945326, https://openalex.org/W3018226629, https://openalex.org/W2004332682, https://openalex.org/W3095652295, https://openalex.org/W7074005423, https://openalex.org/W2120200304, https://openalex.org/W2163702095, https://openalex.org/W4214855265, https://openalex.org/W2120212949, https://openalex.org/W2200133239, https://openalex.org/W3216813340, https://openalex.org/W3121501964, https://openalex.org/W3009189929, https://openalex.org/W2065601487, https://openalex.org/W2055344018, https://openalex.org/W2466626585, https://openalex.org/W6632122267, https://openalex.org/W2892142575, https://openalex.org/W2087190235, https://openalex.org/W2021500752, https://openalex.org/W2916843436, https://openalex.org/W3016979192, https://openalex.org/W3087429957, https://openalex.org/W3151378716, https://openalex.org/W3040824094, https://openalex.org/W6809220455, https://openalex.org/W3187820402, https://openalex.org/W6798995797, https://openalex.org/W3026323285, https://openalex.org/W3184205997, https://openalex.org/W2161080856, https://openalex.org/W1576568858, https://openalex.org/W2989867584, https://openalex.org/W3122042396, https://openalex.org/W1988305904, https://openalex.org/W4213378524, https://openalex.org/W3073920867, https://openalex.org/W2776410906 |
| referenced_works_count | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 18, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.On | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 155, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 13, 78, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 85, 114, 134, 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 10, 76, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 2, 24, 45, 58, 68, 107, 149, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 4, 30, 71, 109, 121, 160, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.BBB | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 130, 152, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 48, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 39, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 5, 14, 22, 28, 31, 63, 66, 74, 92, 105, 110, 123, 127, 135, 147, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.via | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drug | 60, 132, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 20, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 90, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 54, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CNS) | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blood | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brain | 40, 136, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drugs | 3, 70, 108, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hand, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.route | 94, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 79, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(BBB), | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affect | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brain. | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.covers | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fluid. | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lipid, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.people | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sense, | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unique | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrier | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brain's | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.central | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.certain | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deliver | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.foreign | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.general | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impeded | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nervous | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.passage | 23, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.produce | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avoiding | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivery | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.globally | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.millions | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overcome | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permeate | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymer, | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevents | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systemic | 59, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tissues. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieving | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.currently | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inorganic | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partially | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presented | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primarily | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided. | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anatomical | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discussion | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effective, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.favourable | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intranasal | 93, 128, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.treatments | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.blood-brain | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limitations | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outstanding | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular, | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accumulation | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.developments | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distribution. | 61, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracellular | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanocrystals, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.administration | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.administration. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-therapeutic | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Nanoparticle-based | 112 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5070773926 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I126231945 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7699999809265137 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99883068 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |