On Improving Reliability of SRAM-Based Physically Unclonable Functions Article Swipe
Arunkumar Vijayakumar
,
Vinay C. Patil
,
Sandip Kundu
·
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002
YOU?
·
· 2017
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002
Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have been touted for their inherent resistance to invasive attacks and low cost in providing a hardware root of trust for various security applications. SRAM PUFs in particular are popular in industry for key/ID generation. Due to intrinsic process variations, SRAM cells, ideally, tend to have the same start-up behavior. SRAM PUFs exploit this start-up behavior. Unfortunately, not all SRAM cells exhibit reliable start-up behavior due to noise susceptibility. Hence, design enhancements are needed for improving reliability. Some of the proposed enhancements in literature include fuzzy extraction, error-correcting codes and voting mechanisms. All enhancements involve a trade-off between area/power/performance overhead and PUF reliability. This paper presents a design enhancement technique for reliability that improves upon previous solutions. We present simulation results to quantify improvement in SRAM PUF reliability and efficiency. The proposed technique is shown to generate a 128-bit key in ≤0.2 μ s at an area estimate of 4538 μ m 2 with error rate as low as 10 − 6 for intrinsic error probability of 15%.
Related Topics
Concepts
Static random-access memory
Physical unclonable function
Reliability (semiconductor)
Overhead (engineering)
Computer science
Key (lock)
Key generation
Reliability engineering
Exploit
Hardware security module
Embedded system
Electronic engineering
Power (physics)
Cryptography
Engineering
Computer hardware
Algorithm
Computer security
Quantum mechanics
Physics
Operating system
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 31
- References
- 30
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2579868530
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2579868530Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
On Improving Reliability of SRAM-Based Physically Unclonable FunctionsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2017Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2017-01-12Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Arunkumar Vijayakumar, Vinay C. Patil, Sandip KunduList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Static random-access memory, Physical unclonable function, Reliability (semiconductor), Overhead (engineering), Computer science, Key (lock), Key generation, Reliability engineering, Exploit, Hardware security module, Embedded system, Electronic engineering, Power (physics), Cryptography, Engineering, Computer hardware, Algorithm, Computer security, Quantum mechanics, Physics, Operating systemTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
31Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 4, 2024: 3, 2023: 4, 2022: 1, 2021: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
30Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2579868530 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| ids.mag | 2579868530 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2579868530 |
| fwci | 4.0524503 |
| type | article |
| title | On Improving Reliability of SRAM-Based Physically Unclonable Functions |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G272141794 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320306076 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 1421352 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Science Foundation |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 7 |
| biblio.last_page | 2 |
| biblio.first_page | 2 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12122 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1708 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Hardware and Architecture |
| topics[0].display_name | Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11601 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/28 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Neuroscience |
| topics[1].score | 0.989799976348877 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2804 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience |
| topics[1].display_name | Neuroscience and Neural Engineering |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T14117 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9894999861717224 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320306076 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/021nxhr62 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Science Foundation |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320307102 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01ek73717 |
| funders[1].display_name | Intel Corporation |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1600 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1732 |
| apc_paid.value | 1600 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1732 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C68043766 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8658013343811035 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Static random-access memory |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C8643368 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7551541328430176 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Physical unclonable function |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C43214815 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6933912038803101 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Reliability (semiconductor) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2779960059 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5856441855430603 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5725194811820984 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C26517878 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5469529628753662 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Key (lock) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C163173736 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.513461172580719 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Key generation |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C200601418 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.5102047920227051 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Reliability engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C165696696 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4724719226360321 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Exploit |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C39217717 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4615945816040039 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Hardware security module |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C149635348 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.4153457283973694 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Embedded system |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C24326235 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.37972378730773926 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C163258240 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.34041130542755127 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Power (physics) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C178489894 |
| concepts[13].level | 2 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.29290473461151123 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Cryptography |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.2865138053894043 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C9390403 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.2259787619113922 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Computer hardware |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.163314551115036 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.14879873394966125 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[19].level | 0 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C111919701 |
| concepts[20].level | 1 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Operating system |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8658013343811035 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Static random-access memory |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7551541328430176 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Physical unclonable function |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6933912038803101 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Reliability (semiconductor) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5856441855430603 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Overhead (engineering) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5725194811820984 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/key |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5469529628753662 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Key (lock) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation |
| keywords[6].score | 0.513461172580719 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Key generation |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.5102047920227051 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Reliability engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4724719226360321 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Exploit |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4615945816040039 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Hardware security module |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system |
| keywords[10].score | 0.4153457283973694 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Embedded system |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.37972378730773926 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/power |
| keywords[12].score | 0.34041130542755127 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Power (physics) |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography |
| keywords[13].score | 0.29290473461151123 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Cryptography |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.2865138053894043 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware |
| keywords[15].score | 0.2259787619113922 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Computer hardware |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[16].score | 0.163314551115036 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[17].score | 0.14879873394966125 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Computer security |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764871501 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2079-9268 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2079-9268 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:ece_faculty_pubs-2189 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402057 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | Scholarworks (University of Massachusetts Amherst) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| locations[1].license | cc-by |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | text |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publication Series |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://scholarworks.umass.edu/ece_faculty_pubs/1190 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aac82fda19f0479196a285d794af454f |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications, Vol 7, Iss 1, p 2 (2017) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/aac82fda19f0479196a285d794af454f |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/2079-9268/7/1/2/ |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Pages: 2 |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101651494 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-9004 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Arunkumar Vijayakumar |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Arunkumar Vijayakumar |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080028094 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-2727 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Vinay C. Patil |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Vinay Patil |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5054064879 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-3824 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Sandip Kundu |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0072zz521 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Massachusetts Amherst |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Sandip Kundu |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | On Improving Reliability of SRAM-Based Physically Unclonable Functions |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12122 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1708 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Hardware and Architecture |
| primary_topic.display_name | Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2775062502, https://openalex.org/W4292862360, https://openalex.org/W3209932692, https://openalex.org/W2302863414, https://openalex.org/W3083074270, https://openalex.org/W2896245892, https://openalex.org/W2910831494, https://openalex.org/W4294167375, https://openalex.org/W4362564225, https://openalex.org/W4311263387 |
| cited_by_count | 31 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[7].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[7].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[8].year | 2017 |
| counts_by_year[8].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764871501 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2079-9268 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2079-9268 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764871501 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2079-9268 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2079-9268 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9268/7/1/2/pdf?version=1484215899 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea7010002 |
| publication_date | 2017-01-12 |
| publication_year | 2017 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2000171858, https://openalex.org/W2399877787, https://openalex.org/W1658959288, https://openalex.org/W2130351941, https://openalex.org/W2113322447, https://openalex.org/W2151759197, https://openalex.org/W6678473589, https://openalex.org/W1968261083, https://openalex.org/W2001067488, https://openalex.org/W2146813141, https://openalex.org/W2144418895, https://openalex.org/W2052828598, https://openalex.org/W2149648080, https://openalex.org/W2046467839, https://openalex.org/W2030523841, https://openalex.org/W1505206383, https://openalex.org/W2017827600, https://openalex.org/W2128111793, https://openalex.org/W1981555606, https://openalex.org/W1971378461, https://openalex.org/W2505741526, https://openalex.org/W4237236484, https://openalex.org/W6631862039, https://openalex.org/W2123482651, https://openalex.org/W594538618, https://openalex.org/W2785506110, https://openalex.org/W124944822, https://openalex.org/W3030114465, https://openalex.org/W1562669673, https://openalex.org/W59294937 |
| referenced_works_count | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 19, 99, 110, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.m | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.s | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.10 | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 160, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 17, 30, 34, 86, 128, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 22, 82, 152, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 11, 40, 48, 70, 125, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.μ | 146, 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.All | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Due | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PUF | 105, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 14, 93, 104, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 32, 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7, 24, 36, 78, 114, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 15, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 50, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.− | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.15%. | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4538 | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PUFs | 29, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SRAM | 28, 44, 54, 63, 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Some | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 4, 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rate | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.root | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tend | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.upon | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.codes | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 158, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuzzy | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shown | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trust | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PUFs) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hence, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells, | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 74, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key/ID | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.needed | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.touted | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voting | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.≤0.2 | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.128-bit | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attacks | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibit | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploit | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.include | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involve | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.popular | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ideally, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improves | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inherent | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invasive | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overhead | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.previous | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 84, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantify | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.security | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.start-up | 52, 58, 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior. | 53, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improving | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intrinsic | 41, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providing | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique | 113, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trade-off | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Physically | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resistance | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions. | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unclonable | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency. | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancement | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extraction, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvement | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms. | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.probability | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability | 115, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations, | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancements | 75, 85, 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliability. | 80, 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Unfortunately, | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.susceptibility. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error-correcting | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.area/power/performance | 102 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5080028094 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I24603500 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5699999928474426 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.94355127 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |