One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software Article Swipe

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Scott E. Boyce , Randall T. Hanson , Ian J. Ferguson , Wolfgang Schmid , Wesley R. Henson , Thomas Reimann , Steffen Mehl , Marisa M. Earll ·

YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6a60

First posted April 7, 2020 For additional information, contact: Director,California Water Science CenterU.S. Geological Survey6000 J Street, Placer HallSacramento, California 95819 The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Modular Ground-Water Flow Model (MODFLOW-2005) is a computer program that simulates groundwater flow by using finite differences. The MODFLOW-2005 framework uses a modular design that allows for the easy development and incorporation of new features called processes and packages that work with or modify inputs to the groundwater-flow equation. A process solves a flow equation or set of equations. For example, the central part of MODFLOW is the groundwater-flow process that solves the groundwater-flow equation; the surface-water routing process is an additional process that solves the surface-water flow equation. Packages are code related to the groundwater-flow process. For example, the subsidence package modifies the groundwater-flow process by including aquifer compaction effects on flow. With the development of new packages and processes, the MODFLOW-2005 base framework diverged into multiple independent versions designed for specific simulation needs. This divergence limited each independent MODFLOW release to its specific purpose, so that there was no longer a single, comprehensive, general-purpose hydraulic-simulation framework.The MODFLOW One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model (MF-OWHM, also informally known as OneWater) is an integrated hydrologic flow model that combines multiple MODFLOW-2005 variants in one cohesive simulation software; changes were made to enable multiple capabilities in one code. This fusion of the MODFLOW-2005 versions resulted in a simulation software that can be used to address and analyze a wide class of conjunctive-use, water-management, water-food-security, and climate-crop-water scenarios. As a second core version of MODFLOW-2005, MF-OWHM maintains backward compatibility with existing MODFLOW-2005 versions, with features that include the following:Process-based simulation.Saturated groundwater flow (three-dimensional).Surface-water flow (one- and two-dimensional).Stream and river flow.Lake and reservoir storage.Landscape simulation and irrigated agriculture.Land-use and crop simulation.Root uptake of groundwater.Actual evapotranspiration.Estimated irrigation demand.Reservoir operations.Aquifer compaction and subsidence by vertical model-grid deformation.Seawater intrusion by a sharp-interface assumption.Karst-aquifer and fractured-bedrock flow.Turbulent and laminar-pipe network flow.Unsaturated groundwater flow (one-dimensional).Internal linkages among the processes that couple hydraulic head, flow, and deformation.Redesigned code for faster simulation, increased user-input options, easier model updates, and more robust error reporting than in previous models.MF-OWHM is a MODFLOW-2005 based integrated hydrologic model that can simulate and analyze varying environmental conditions to allow for the evaluation of management options from many components of human and natural water movement through a physically based, supply and demand framework. The term "integrated," in the context of this report, refers to the tight coupling of groundwater flow, surface-water flow, landscape processes, aquifer compaction and subsidence, reservoir operations, and conduit (karst) flow. Another benefit of this integrated hydrologic model is that models developed to run by MODFLOW-2005, MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-CFP, or MODFLOW-FMP can also be simulated with MF-OWHM. At the time of this report's publication, MF-OWHM version 2 (MF-OWHM2) does not include a direct internal simulation of snowmelt, advanced mountainous watershed rainfall-runoff simulation, detailed shallow soil-moisture accounting, or atmospheric moisture content. Atmospheric moisture may be accounted for indirectly by, optionally, specifying a pan-evaporation rate, reference evapotranspiration, and precipitation. These features are not included to ensure that simulation runtime remains short enough to enable the use of automated methods of calibrating model parameters to field observations, which typically require many simulation model runs. The MF-OWHM approach is to include as much detail as possible to simulate hydrological processes, providing the simulation runtimes remain reasonable enough to allow for robust parameter estimation and model calibration.To represent both natural and human-influenced flow, MF-OWHM integrates physically based flow processes derived from MODFLOW-2005 in a supply and demand framework. From this integration, the physically based movement of groundwater, surface water, imported water, and precipitation serve as supply to meet consumptive demands associated with irrigated and non-irrigated agriculture, natural vegetation, and urban water uses. Water consumption is determined by balancing the available water supply with water demand, leading to the concept of a demand-driven, supply-constrained simulation.The MF-OWHM Supply-and-Demand Framework is especially useful for the analysis of agricultural water use, where there are often few data available to describe changes in land-use through time, such as crop type and distribution, and the associated changes in groundwater pumpage. This framework attempts to satisfy each land-use water demand with available water supplies—that is, groundwater uptake, precipitation, and irrigation. An option provided in MF-OWHM2 is to automatically increase groundwater pumping for irrigation, which often is unknown, by the calculated residual between demand and the other available sources of supply. From large- to small-scale applications, the physically based supply and demand framework provides key capabilities for simulating and analyzing historical, current, and future conjunctive-use of surface water and groundwater.To achieve the physically based supply and demand framework, the MODFLOW-2005 standard of no inter-package and -process communication was relaxed for MF-OWHM2. Traditional MODFLOW simulation models required that all packages and processes interact through the groundwater-flow equation or by removing the water flow from the simulation domain. For example, the MODFLOW-2005 representation of a groundwater well extracts water from the groundwater-flow equation (by subtraction) and removes it from the simulation domain. This feature is available in the MF-OWHM framework, but options have been added to allow the specification of a use or destination of pumped groundwater within the model domain, for example, it can be used for irrigation, managed aquifer recharge, or return-flow to streams.

Related Topics

Groundwater

Computer Science

Environmental Science

Geotechnical Engineering

Mathematics

Geophysics

Geometry

Concepts

MODFLOW Groundwater flow Groundwater flow equation Groundwater model Groundwater Conjunctive use Aquifer Computer science Flow (mathematics) Geological survey Environmental science Hydrology (agriculture) Geology Geotechnical engineering Mathematics Geophysics Geometry

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Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6a60
PDF: https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06/a60/tm6A60.pdf
OA Status: diamond
Cited By: 35
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6a60

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Title: One-Water Hydrologic Flow Model: A MODFLOW based conjunctive-use simulation software

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Publication year: 2020

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Authors: Scott E. Boyce, Randall T. Hanson, Ian J. Ferguson, Wolfgang Schmid, Wesley R. Henson, Thomas Reimann, Steffen Mehl, Marisa M. Earll

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Landing page: https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6a60

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Concepts: MODFLOW, Groundwater flow, Groundwater flow equation, Groundwater model, Groundwater, Conjunctive use, Aquifer, Computer science, Flow (mathematics), Geological survey, Environmental science, Hydrology (agriculture), Geology, Geotechnical engineering, Mathematics, Geophysics, Geometry

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referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W1576922713, https://openalex.org/W2173486017, https://openalex.org/W2096206362, https://openalex.org/W1487923163, https://openalex.org/W1851036188, https://openalex.org/W1855577660, https://openalex.org/W2066616714, https://openalex.org/W243324263, https://openalex.org/W621636761, https://openalex.org/W2529656822, https://openalex.org/W1573444482
referenced_works_count	11
abstract_inverted_index.2	456
abstract_inverted_index.A	75
abstract_inverted_index.J	15
abstract_inverted_index.a	32, 47, 78, 178, 229, 240, 251, 308, 352, 384, 461, 490, 578, 635, 809, 845
abstract_inverted_index.7,	3
abstract_inverted_index.An	698
abstract_inverted_index.As	250
abstract_inverted_index.At	447
abstract_inverted_index.an	106, 196
abstract_inverted_index.as	193, 537, 540, 599, 667
abstract_inverted_index.be	234, 443, 483, 860
abstract_inverted_index.by	39, 132, 302, 307, 435, 621, 715, 794
abstract_inverted_index.in	206, 218, 228, 348, 394, 577, 662, 676, 701, 831
abstract_inverted_index.is	31, 92, 105, 195, 351, 429, 534, 619, 642, 703, 713, 829
abstract_inverted_index.it	822, 858
abstract_inverted_index.no	176, 769
abstract_inverted_index.of	58, 83, 90, 142, 223, 243, 255, 293, 371, 377, 397, 405, 424, 450, 465, 514, 517, 590, 634, 648, 726, 752, 768, 808, 844, 849
abstract_inverted_index.on	137
abstract_inverted_index.or	68, 81, 439, 476, 793, 847, 867
abstract_inverted_index.so	172
abstract_inverted_index.to	71, 119, 168, 214, 236, 366, 401, 433, 502, 510, 521, 535, 542, 553, 601, 631, 659, 682, 704, 730, 840, 869
abstract_inverted_index.(by	818
abstract_inverted_index.For	5, 85, 123, 803
abstract_inverted_index.The	21, 43, 391, 531
abstract_inverted_index.all	784
abstract_inverted_index.and	56, 63, 145, 238, 247, 277, 279, 282, 286, 289, 300, 311, 314, 330, 342, 361, 379, 388, 414, 418, 495, 559, 565, 580, 596, 608, 613, 670, 672, 696, 721, 737, 745, 749, 755, 762, 771, 786, 820
abstract_inverted_index.are	116, 499, 654
abstract_inverted_index.but	835
abstract_inverted_index.by,	487
abstract_inverted_index.can	233, 359, 441, 859
abstract_inverted_index.few	656
abstract_inverted_index.for	52, 157, 333, 368, 485, 555, 645, 709, 743, 776, 856, 862
abstract_inverted_index.is,	692
abstract_inverted_index.its	169
abstract_inverted_index.key	741
abstract_inverted_index.may	482
abstract_inverted_index.new	59, 143
abstract_inverted_index.not	459, 500
abstract_inverted_index.one	207, 219
abstract_inverted_index.run	434
abstract_inverted_index.set	82
abstract_inverted_index.the	53, 72, 87, 93, 98, 101, 111, 120, 125, 129, 140, 147, 224, 269, 323, 369, 395, 402, 448, 512, 547, 586, 623, 632, 646, 673, 716, 722, 733, 758, 765, 790, 796, 800, 805, 815, 824, 832, 842, 853
abstract_inverted_index.use	513, 846
abstract_inverted_index.was	175, 774
abstract_inverted_index.2020	4
abstract_inverted_index.Flow	28, 187
abstract_inverted_index.From	583, 728
abstract_inverted_index.This	161, 221, 679, 827
abstract_inverted_index.U.S.	22
abstract_inverted_index.With	139
abstract_inverted_index.also	190, 442
abstract_inverted_index.base	149
abstract_inverted_index.been	838
abstract_inverted_index.both	563
abstract_inverted_index.code	117, 332
abstract_inverted_index.core	253
abstract_inverted_index.crop	290, 668
abstract_inverted_index.data	657
abstract_inverted_index.does	458
abstract_inverted_index.each	164, 684
abstract_inverted_index.easy	54
abstract_inverted_index.flow	38, 79, 113, 199, 273, 275, 319, 572, 798
abstract_inverted_index.from	374, 575, 799, 814, 823
abstract_inverted_index.have	837
abstract_inverted_index.into	152
abstract_inverted_index.made	213
abstract_inverted_index.many	375, 527
abstract_inverted_index.meet	602
abstract_inverted_index.more	343
abstract_inverted_index.much	538
abstract_inverted_index.part	89
abstract_inverted_index.such	666
abstract_inverted_index.term	392
abstract_inverted_index.than	347
abstract_inverted_index.that	35, 50, 65, 96, 109, 173, 201, 232, 267, 325, 358, 430, 504, 783
abstract_inverted_index.this	398, 425, 451, 584
abstract_inverted_index.time	449
abstract_inverted_index.type	669
abstract_inverted_index.use,	651
abstract_inverted_index.used	235, 861
abstract_inverted_index.uses	46
abstract_inverted_index.well	811
abstract_inverted_index.were	212
abstract_inverted_index.wide	241
abstract_inverted_index.with	67, 261, 265, 445, 606, 627, 688
abstract_inverted_index.work	66
abstract_inverted_index.(one-	276
abstract_inverted_index.95819	20
abstract_inverted_index.April	2
abstract_inverted_index.First	0
abstract_inverted_index.Model	29, 188
abstract_inverted_index.These	497
abstract_inverted_index.Water	10, 617
abstract_inverted_index.added	839
abstract_inverted_index.allow	367, 554, 841
abstract_inverted_index.among	322
abstract_inverted_index.based	354, 571, 588, 735, 760
abstract_inverted_index.class	242
abstract_inverted_index.code.	220
abstract_inverted_index.error	345
abstract_inverted_index.field	522
abstract_inverted_index.flow,	329, 407, 409, 567
abstract_inverted_index.flow.	138, 421
abstract_inverted_index.head,	328
abstract_inverted_index.human	378
abstract_inverted_index.known	192
abstract_inverted_index.model	200, 340, 357, 428, 519, 529, 560, 854
abstract_inverted_index.often	655, 712
abstract_inverted_index.other	723
abstract_inverted_index.rate,	492
abstract_inverted_index.river	280
abstract_inverted_index.runs.	530
abstract_inverted_index.serve	598
abstract_inverted_index.short	508
abstract_inverted_index.there	174, 653
abstract_inverted_index.tight	403
abstract_inverted_index.time,	665
abstract_inverted_index.urban	614
abstract_inverted_index.uses.	616
abstract_inverted_index.using	40
abstract_inverted_index.water	381, 615, 625, 628, 650, 686, 690, 754, 797, 813
abstract_inverted_index.where	652
abstract_inverted_index.which	524, 711
abstract_inverted_index.(USGS)	25
abstract_inverted_index.Placer	17
abstract_inverted_index.allows	51
abstract_inverted_index.based,	386
abstract_inverted_index.called	61
abstract_inverted_index.couple	326
abstract_inverted_index.demand	389, 581, 687, 720, 738, 763
abstract_inverted_index.design	49
abstract_inverted_index.detail	539
abstract_inverted_index.direct	462
abstract_inverted_index.easier	339
abstract_inverted_index.enable	215, 511
abstract_inverted_index.enough	509, 552
abstract_inverted_index.ensure	503
abstract_inverted_index.faster	334
abstract_inverted_index.finite	41
abstract_inverted_index.fusion	222
abstract_inverted_index.future	750
abstract_inverted_index.inputs	70
abstract_inverted_index.large-	729
abstract_inverted_index.longer	177
abstract_inverted_index.models	431, 781
abstract_inverted_index.modify	69
abstract_inverted_index.needs.	160
abstract_inverted_index.option	699
abstract_inverted_index.posted	1
abstract_inverted_index.pumped	850
abstract_inverted_index.refers	400
abstract_inverted_index.remain	550
abstract_inverted_index.robust	344, 556
abstract_inverted_index.second	252
abstract_inverted_index.solves	77, 97, 110
abstract_inverted_index.supply	387, 579, 600, 626, 736, 761
abstract_inverted_index.uptake	292
abstract_inverted_index.useful	644
abstract_inverted_index.water,	593, 595
abstract_inverted_index.within	852
abstract_inverted_index.(karst)	420
abstract_inverted_index.Another	422
abstract_inverted_index.MF-OWHM	257, 454, 532, 568, 639, 833
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW	91, 166, 184, 779
abstract_inverted_index.Modular	26
abstract_inverted_index.Science	11
abstract_inverted_index.Street,	16
abstract_inverted_index.achieve	757
abstract_inverted_index.address	237
abstract_inverted_index.analyze	239, 362
abstract_inverted_index.aquifer	134, 412, 865
abstract_inverted_index.benefit	423
abstract_inverted_index.between	719
abstract_inverted_index.central	88
abstract_inverted_index.changes	211, 661, 675
abstract_inverted_index.concept	633
abstract_inverted_index.conduit	419
abstract_inverted_index.context	396
abstract_inverted_index.demand,	629
abstract_inverted_index.demands	604
abstract_inverted_index.derived	574
abstract_inverted_index.domain,	855
abstract_inverted_index.domain.	802, 826
abstract_inverted_index.effects	136
abstract_inverted_index.feature	828
abstract_inverted_index.include	268, 460, 536
abstract_inverted_index.leading	630
abstract_inverted_index.limited	163
abstract_inverted_index.managed	864
abstract_inverted_index.methods	516
abstract_inverted_index.modular	48
abstract_inverted_index.natural	380, 564, 611
abstract_inverted_index.network	316
abstract_inverted_index.options	373, 836
abstract_inverted_index.package	127
abstract_inverted_index.process	76, 95, 104, 108, 131
abstract_inverted_index.program	34
abstract_inverted_index.pumping	708
abstract_inverted_index.related	118
abstract_inverted_index.relaxed	775
abstract_inverted_index.release	167
abstract_inverted_index.remains	507
abstract_inverted_index.removes	821
abstract_inverted_index.report,	399
abstract_inverted_index.require	526
abstract_inverted_index.routing	103
abstract_inverted_index.runtime	506
abstract_inverted_index.satisfy	683
abstract_inverted_index.shallow	473
abstract_inverted_index.single,	179
abstract_inverted_index.sources	725
abstract_inverted_index.supply.	727
abstract_inverted_index.surface	592, 753
abstract_inverted_index.through	383, 664, 789
abstract_inverted_index.uptake,	694
abstract_inverted_index.varying	363
abstract_inverted_index.version	254, 455
abstract_inverted_index.-process	772
abstract_inverted_index.MF-OWHM.	446
abstract_inverted_index.MF-OWHM2	702
abstract_inverted_index.Packages	115
abstract_inverted_index.Survey's	24
abstract_inverted_index.advanced	467
abstract_inverted_index.analysis	647
abstract_inverted_index.approach	533
abstract_inverted_index.attempts	681
abstract_inverted_index.backward	259
abstract_inverted_index.cohesive	208
abstract_inverted_index.combines	202
abstract_inverted_index.computer	33
abstract_inverted_index.contact:	8
abstract_inverted_index.content.	479
abstract_inverted_index.coupling	404
abstract_inverted_index.current,	748
abstract_inverted_index.describe	660
abstract_inverted_index.designed	156
abstract_inverted_index.detailed	472
abstract_inverted_index.diverged	151
abstract_inverted_index.equation	80, 792, 817
abstract_inverted_index.example,	86, 124, 804, 857
abstract_inverted_index.existing	262
abstract_inverted_index.extracts	812
abstract_inverted_index.features	60, 266, 498
abstract_inverted_index.imported	594
abstract_inverted_index.included	501
abstract_inverted_index.increase	706
abstract_inverted_index.interact	788
abstract_inverted_index.internal	463
abstract_inverted_index.land-use	663, 685
abstract_inverted_index.linkages	321
abstract_inverted_index.modifies	128
abstract_inverted_index.moisture	478, 481
abstract_inverted_index.movement	382, 589
abstract_inverted_index.multiple	153, 203, 216
abstract_inverted_index.options,	338
abstract_inverted_index.packages	64, 144, 785
abstract_inverted_index.possible	541
abstract_inverted_index.previous	349
abstract_inverted_index.process.	122
abstract_inverted_index.provided	700
abstract_inverted_index.provides	740
abstract_inverted_index.pumpage.	678
abstract_inverted_index.purpose,	171
abstract_inverted_index.removing	795
abstract_inverted_index.report's	452
abstract_inverted_index.required	782
abstract_inverted_index.residual	718
abstract_inverted_index.resulted	227
abstract_inverted_index.runtimes	549
abstract_inverted_index.simulate	360, 543
abstract_inverted_index.software	231
abstract_inverted_index.specific	158, 170
abstract_inverted_index.standard	767
abstract_inverted_index.streams.	870
abstract_inverted_index.unknown,	714
abstract_inverted_index.updates,	341
abstract_inverted_index.variants	205
abstract_inverted_index.versions	155, 226
abstract_inverted_index.vertical	303
abstract_inverted_index.(MF-OWHM,	189
abstract_inverted_index.Framework	641
abstract_inverted_index.MF-OWHM2.	777
abstract_inverted_index.One-Water	185
abstract_inverted_index.OneWater)	194
abstract_inverted_index.accounted	484
abstract_inverted_index.analyzing	746
abstract_inverted_index.automated	515
abstract_inverted_index.available	624, 658, 689, 724, 830
abstract_inverted_index.balancing	622
abstract_inverted_index.developed	432
abstract_inverted_index.equation.	74, 114
abstract_inverted_index.equation;	100
abstract_inverted_index.flow.Lake	281
abstract_inverted_index.framework	45, 150, 680, 739
abstract_inverted_index.hydraulic	327
abstract_inverted_index.including	133
abstract_inverted_index.increased	336
abstract_inverted_index.intrusion	306
abstract_inverted_index.irrigated	287, 607
abstract_inverted_index.landscape	410
abstract_inverted_index.maintains	258
abstract_inverted_index.parameter	557
abstract_inverted_index.processes	62, 324, 573, 787
abstract_inverted_index.providing	546
abstract_inverted_index.recharge,	866
abstract_inverted_index.reference	493
abstract_inverted_index.reporting	346
abstract_inverted_index.represent	562
abstract_inverted_index.reservoir	283, 416
abstract_inverted_index.simulated	444
abstract_inverted_index.simulates	36
abstract_inverted_index.snowmelt,	466
abstract_inverted_index.software;	210
abstract_inverted_index.typically	525
abstract_inverted_index.versions,	264
abstract_inverted_index.watershed	469
abstract_inverted_index.(MF-OWHM2)	457
abstract_inverted_index.California	19
abstract_inverted_index.CenterU.S.	12
abstract_inverted_index.Geological	13, 23
abstract_inverted_index.Hydrologic	186
abstract_inverted_index.Survey6000	14
abstract_inverted_index.additional	6, 107
abstract_inverted_index.associated	605, 674
abstract_inverted_index.calculated	717
abstract_inverted_index.compaction	135, 299, 413
abstract_inverted_index.components	376
abstract_inverted_index.conditions	365
abstract_inverted_index.determined	620
abstract_inverted_index.divergence	162
abstract_inverted_index.equations.	84
abstract_inverted_index.especially	643
abstract_inverted_index.estimation	558
abstract_inverted_index.evaluation	370
abstract_inverted_index.framework,	764, 834
abstract_inverted_index.framework.	390, 582
abstract_inverted_index.hydrologic	198, 356, 427
abstract_inverted_index.indirectly	486
abstract_inverted_index.informally	191
abstract_inverted_index.integrated	197, 355, 426
abstract_inverted_index.integrates	569
abstract_inverted_index.irrigation	296
abstract_inverted_index.management	372
abstract_inverted_index.model-grid	304
abstract_inverted_index.parameters	520
abstract_inverted_index.physically	385, 570, 587, 734, 759
abstract_inverted_index.processes,	146, 411, 545
abstract_inverted_index.reasonable	551
abstract_inverted_index.scenarios.	249
abstract_inverted_index.simulating	744
abstract_inverted_index.simulation	159, 209, 230, 285, 464, 505, 528, 548, 780, 801, 825
abstract_inverted_index.specifying	489
abstract_inverted_index.subsidence	126, 301
abstract_inverted_index.user-input	337
abstract_inverted_index.Atmospheric	480
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW-FMP	440
abstract_inverted_index.Traditional	778
abstract_inverted_index.accounting,	475
abstract_inverted_index.atmospheric	477
abstract_inverted_index.calibrating	518
abstract_inverted_index.consumption	618
abstract_inverted_index.consumptive	603
abstract_inverted_index.destination	848
abstract_inverted_index.development	55, 141
abstract_inverted_index.groundwater	37, 272, 318, 406, 677, 693, 707, 810, 851
abstract_inverted_index.historical,	747
abstract_inverted_index.independent	154, 165
abstract_inverted_index.irrigation,	710, 863
abstract_inverted_index.irrigation.	697
abstract_inverted_index.mountainous	468
abstract_inverted_index.operations,	417
abstract_inverted_index.optionally,	488
abstract_inverted_index.return-flow	868
abstract_inverted_index.simulation,	335, 471
abstract_inverted_index.small-scale	731
abstract_inverted_index.subsidence,	415
abstract_inverted_index.vegetation,	612
abstract_inverted_index.Ground-Water	27
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW-2005	44, 148, 204, 225, 263, 353, 576, 766, 806
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW-CFP,	438
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW-NWT,	437
abstract_inverted_index.agricultural	649
abstract_inverted_index.agriculture,	610
abstract_inverted_index.capabilities	217, 742
abstract_inverted_index.differences.	42
abstract_inverted_index.groundwater,	591
abstract_inverted_index.hydrological	544
abstract_inverted_index.information,	7
abstract_inverted_index.integration,	585
abstract_inverted_index.laminar-pipe	315
abstract_inverted_index.publication,	453
abstract_inverted_index.subtraction)	819
abstract_inverted_index."integrated,"	393
abstract_inverted_index.MODFLOW-2005,	256, 436
abstract_inverted_index.applications,	732
abstract_inverted_index.automatically	705
abstract_inverted_index.communication	773
abstract_inverted_index.compatibility	260
abstract_inverted_index.distribution,	671
abstract_inverted_index.environmental	364
abstract_inverted_index.framework.The	183
abstract_inverted_index.incorporation	57
abstract_inverted_index.inter-package	770
abstract_inverted_index.non-irrigated	609
abstract_inverted_index.observations,	523
abstract_inverted_index.precipitation	597
abstract_inverted_index.soil-moisture	474
abstract_inverted_index.specification	843
abstract_inverted_index.surface-water	102, 112, 408
abstract_inverted_index.(MODFLOW-2005)	30
abstract_inverted_index.calibration.To	561
abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive,	180
abstract_inverted_index.demand-driven,	636
abstract_inverted_index.flow.Turbulent	313
abstract_inverted_index.groundwater.To	756
abstract_inverted_index.models.MF-OWHM	350
abstract_inverted_index.precipitation,	695
abstract_inverted_index.precipitation.	496
abstract_inverted_index.representation	807
abstract_inverted_index.simulation.The	638
abstract_inverted_index.HallSacramento,	18
abstract_inverted_index.conjunctive-use	751
abstract_inverted_index.general-purpose	181
abstract_inverted_index.pan-evaporation	491
abstract_inverted_index.rainfall-runoff	470
abstract_inverted_index.sharp-interface	309
abstract_inverted_index.simulation.Root	291
abstract_inverted_index.supplies—that	691
abstract_inverted_index.conjunctive-use,	244
abstract_inverted_index.demand.Reservoir	297
abstract_inverted_index.flow.Unsaturated	317
abstract_inverted_index.groundwater-flow	73, 94, 99, 121, 130, 791, 816
abstract_inverted_index.human-influenced	566
abstract_inverted_index.Supply-and-Demand	640
abstract_inverted_index.fractured-bedrock	312
abstract_inverted_index.storage.Landscape	284
abstract_inverted_index.water-management,	245
abstract_inverted_index.climate-crop-water	248
abstract_inverted_index.groundwater.Actual	294
abstract_inverted_index.operations.Aquifer	298
abstract_inverted_index.supply-constrained	637
abstract_inverted_index.Director,California	9
abstract_inverted_index.evapotranspiration,	494
abstract_inverted_index.agriculture.Land-use	288
abstract_inverted_index.deformation.Seawater	305
abstract_inverted_index.hydraulic-simulation	182
abstract_inverted_index.simulation.Saturated	271
abstract_inverted_index.water-food-security,	246
abstract_inverted_index.deformation.Redesigned	331
abstract_inverted_index.following:Process-based	270
abstract_inverted_index.two-dimensional).Stream	278
abstract_inverted_index.assumption.Karst-aquifer	310
abstract_inverted_index.(one-dimensional).Internal	320
abstract_inverted_index.evapotranspiration.Estimated	295
abstract_inverted_index.(three-dimensional).Surface-water	274
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countries_distinct_count	0
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