Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and Monitoring Article Swipe
Aaron James Mah
,
Thien Nguyen
,
Leili Ghazi Zadeh
,
Atrina Shadgan
,
Kosar Khaksari
,
Mehdi Nourizadeh
,
Ali Zaidi
,
Soongho Park
,
Amir Gandjbakhche
,
Babak Shadgan
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274
The worldwide outbreak of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has highlighted the need for a screening and monitoring system for infectious respiratory diseases in the acute and chronic phase. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensor to collect respiratory signals and distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Twenty-one healthy adults participated in an experiment that examined five separate breathing conditions. Respiratory signals were collected with a continuous-wave NIRS sensor (PortaLite, Artinis Medical Systems) affixed over the sternal manubrium. Following a three-minute baseline, participants began five minutes of imposed difficult breathing using a respiratory trainer. After a five minute recovery period, participants began five minutes of imposed rapid and shallow breathing. The study concluded with five additional minutes of regular breathing. NIRS signals were analyzed using a machine learning model to distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing. Three features: breathing interval, breathing depth, and O2Hb signal amplitude were extracted from the NIRS data and, when used together, resulted in a weighted average accuracy of 0.87. This study demonstrated that a wearable NIRS sensor can monitor respiratory patterns continuously and non-invasively and we identified three respiratory features that can distinguish between normal and simulated pathological breathing.
Related Topics
Concepts
Breathing
Respiratory monitoring
Medicine
Respiratory system
Respiratory rate
Ventilation (architecture)
Exhalation
Continuous monitoring
Biomedical engineering
Cardiology
Audiology
Anesthesia
Internal medicine
Heart rate
Engineering
Economics
Mechanical engineering
Blood pressure
Operations management
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274
- https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 12
- References
- 43
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4297237151
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4297237151Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and MonitoringWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-09-26Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Aaron James Mah, Thien Nguyen, Leili Ghazi Zadeh, Atrina Shadgan, Kosar Khaksari, Mehdi Nourizadeh, Ali Zaidi, Soongho Park, Amir Gandjbakhche, Babak ShadganList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Breathing, Respiratory monitoring, Medicine, Respiratory system, Respiratory rate, Ventilation (architecture), Exhalation, Continuous monitoring, Biomedical engineering, Cardiology, Audiology, Anesthesia, Internal medicine, Heart rate, Engineering, Economics, Mechanical engineering, Blood pressure, Operations managementTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
12Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 7, 2023: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
43Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4297237151 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236373 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4297237151 |
| fwci | 1.33196844 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | Q000175 |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | diagnosis |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D008991 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Monitoring, Physiologic |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D012119 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Respiration |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D019265 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000175 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D000086382 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | diagnosis |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | COVID-19 |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D008991 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Monitoring, Physiologic |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D012119 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Respiration |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D019265 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared |
| type | article |
| title | Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and Monitoring |
| biblio.issue | 19 |
| biblio.volume | 22 |
| biblio.last_page | 7274 |
| biblio.first_page | 7274 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11196 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11861 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9973999857902527 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2706 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine |
| topics[1].display_name | Thermal Regulation in Medicine |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11296 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9973000288009644 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2730 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Oncology |
| topics[2].display_name | COVID-19 and healthcare impacts |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2400 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2598 |
| apc_paid.value | 2400 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2598 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C39300077 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.799674928188324 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Breathing |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2779358675 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6895008087158203 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Respiratory monitoring |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6440637707710266 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C534529494 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6217327117919922 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Respiratory system |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C8213797 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5088256001472473 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Respiratory rate |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C200457457 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.507777750492096 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Ventilation (architecture) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C43396882 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.43118345737457275 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2197000 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Exhalation |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C2776902269 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4143713414669037 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Continuous monitoring |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C136229726 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.3358643651008606 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Biomedical engineering |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C164705383 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.3305269479751587 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Cardiology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C548259974 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.3210742473602295 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Audiology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C42219234 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.28431999683380127 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Anesthesia |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.23608458042144775 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C2777953023 |
| concepts[13].level | 3 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.12144964933395386 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Heart rate |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C78519656 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Mechanical engineering |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C84393581 |
| concepts[17].level | 2 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Blood pressure |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C21547014 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Operations management |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing |
| keywords[0].score | 0.799674928188324 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Breathing |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-monitoring |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6895008087158203 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Respiratory monitoring |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6440637707710266 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6217327117919922 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Respiratory system |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5088256001472473 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Respiratory rate |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation |
| keywords[5].score | 0.507777750492096 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Ventilation (architecture) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/exhalation |
| keywords[6].score | 0.43118345737457275 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Exhalation |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-monitoring |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4143713414669037 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Continuous monitoring |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering |
| keywords[8].score | 0.3358643651008606 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Biomedical engineering |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.3305269479751587 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Cardiology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.3210742473602295 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Audiology |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia |
| keywords[11].score | 0.28431999683380127 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Anesthesia |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[12].score | 0.23608458042144775 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate |
| keywords[13].score | 0.12144964933395386 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Heart rate |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/s22197274 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Sensors |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:36236373 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36236373 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:circle.library.ubc.ca:2429/89643 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4377196297 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | cIRcle (University of British Columbia) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | University of British Columbia |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| locations[2].license | cc-by |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://hdl.handle.net/2429/89643 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:073ffef39ebc48008e48dafd55f5d9cb |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[3].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | article |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 19, p 7274 (2022) |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/073ffef39ebc48008e48dafd55f5d9cb |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/22/19/7274/ |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400947 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | MDPI (MDPI AG) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210097602 |
| locations[4].license | cc-by |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | Text |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | Sensors; Volume 22; Issue 19; Pages: 7274 |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9573619 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].license | other-oa |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Sensors (Basel) |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9573619 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028403138 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-4947 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Aaron James Mah |
| authorships[0].countries | CA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03rmrcq20 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I141945490, https://openalex.org/I4210128534, https://openalex.org/I4210135497, https://openalex.org/I4387154919 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of British Columbia |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Aaron James Mah |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada, Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101601934 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0376-1975 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Thien Nguyen |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04byxyr05 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Thien Nguyen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5089017575 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Leili Ghazi Zadeh |
| authorships[2].countries | CA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Leili Ghazi Zadeh |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030814998 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Atrina Shadgan |
| authorships[3].countries | CA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Atrina Shadgan |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030883115 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7155-820X |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Kosar Khaksari |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04byxyr05 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Kosar Khaksari |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079035568 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2523-3199 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Mehdi Nourizadeh |
| authorships[5].countries | CA |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Mehdi Nourizadeh |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102793387 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6428-3401 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Ali Zaidi |
| authorships[6].countries | CA |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Ali Zaidi |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060756109 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8771-8397 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Soongho Park |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04byxyr05 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Soongho Park |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016872328 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2652-0162 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Amir Gandjbakhche |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04byxyr05 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299022934, https://openalex.org/I1299303238, https://openalex.org/I4210144228 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Amir H. Gandjbakhche |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD 20847, USA |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5044535014 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3704-0367 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Babak Shadgan |
| authorships[9].countries | CA |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada |
| authorships[9].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03ckrg061 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I141945490 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/03rmrcq20 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I141945490, https://openalex.org/I4210128534, https://openalex.org/I4210135497, https://openalex.org/I4387154919 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | University of British Columbia |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Babak Shadgan |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada, Implantable Biosensing Laboratory, ICORD, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Optical Monitoring of Breathing Patterns and Tissue Oxygenation: A Potential Application in COVID-19 Screening and Monitoring |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11196 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2410843153, https://openalex.org/W3199150850, https://openalex.org/W2057211515, https://openalex.org/W2347202109, https://openalex.org/W2091047331, https://openalex.org/W2057257177, https://openalex.org/W2088025802, https://openalex.org/W2921132911, https://openalex.org/W3023042376, https://openalex.org/W2045847720 |
| cited_by_count | 12 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/s22197274 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/s22197274 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S101949793 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1424-8220 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7274/pdf?version=1664176058 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Sensors |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197274 |
| publication_date | 2022-09-26 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3035018050, https://openalex.org/W2162158410, https://openalex.org/W3016610966, https://openalex.org/W3132070651, https://openalex.org/W4210375543, https://openalex.org/W3033446455, https://openalex.org/W3020946865, https://openalex.org/W6743844413, https://openalex.org/W2037353747, https://openalex.org/W2132873616, https://openalex.org/W2170354359, https://openalex.org/W3113606112, https://openalex.org/W3015312944, https://openalex.org/W3143513212, https://openalex.org/W3114376391, https://openalex.org/W3046633695, https://openalex.org/W3182691783, https://openalex.org/W3132492730, https://openalex.org/W4230948092, https://openalex.org/W2172284301, https://openalex.org/W2096732105, https://openalex.org/W2012932038, https://openalex.org/W2171951516, https://openalex.org/W2463351228, https://openalex.org/W2279280199, https://openalex.org/W2062433705, https://openalex.org/W2129252750, https://openalex.org/W2982632094, https://openalex.org/W6640462745, https://openalex.org/W3008874180, https://openalex.org/W3003901880, https://openalex.org/W3003668884, https://openalex.org/W2807746405, https://openalex.org/W2027989613, https://openalex.org/W3033875949, https://openalex.org/W3101105393, https://openalex.org/W3165735475, https://openalex.org/W3037268105, https://openalex.org/W3182567769, https://openalex.org/W3142581653, https://openalex.org/W3042554514, https://openalex.org/W3049021859, https://openalex.org/W3043040397 |
| referenced_works_count | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 13, 40, 76, 90, 102, 106, 136, 170, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 22, 62, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 30, 38, 97, 115, 128, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 34, 46, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0, 28, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 25, 50, 54, 118, 144, 154, 189, 191, 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 184, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 12, 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 4, 10, 23, 36, 86, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NIRS | 78, 131, 162, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.O2Hb | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and, | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.five | 67, 95, 107, 113, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 65, 179, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 73, 133, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 75, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.87. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.After | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Three | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acute | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.began | 94, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.novel | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rapid | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 32, 122, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 39, 101, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NIRS) | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adults | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minute | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.normal | 53, 143, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase. | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 45, 79, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Artinis | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Medical | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affixed | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 52, 142, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chronic | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collect | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examine | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.healthy | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imposed | 98, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.machine | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minutes | 96, 114, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitor | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.period, | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.purpose | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regular | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shallow | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals | 49, 72, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sternal | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Systems) | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyzed | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.examined | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.learning | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outbreak | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recovery | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resulted | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separate | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trainer. | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wearable | 41, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weighted | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Following | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.amplitude | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.baseline, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breathing | 69, 100, 150, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concluded | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difficult | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracted | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.features: | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interval, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.screening | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 55, 145, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.together, | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worldwide | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(COVID-19) | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Twenty-one | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.additional | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.breathing. | 57, 120, 130, 147, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experiment | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infectious | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.manubrium. | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monitoring | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PortaLite, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Coronavirus | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Respiratory | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinguish | 51, 141, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feasibility | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighted | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 20, 48, 103, 186, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuously | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participants | 93, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.participated | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathological | 56, 146, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three-minute | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.near-infrared | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-invasively | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous-wave | 77 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5044535014 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I141945490, https://openalex.org/I4210128534 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6499999761581421 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.73225659 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |