Optimal Control of Nonlinear, Nonautonomous, Energy Harvesting Systems Applied to Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters Article Swipe

PDF

Houssein Yassin , Tania Demonte Gonzalez , Kevin Nelson , Gordon G. Parker , Wayne W. Weaver ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1

Pursuing sustainable energy solutions has prompted researchers to focus on optimizing energy extraction from renewable sources. Control laws that optimize energy extraction require accurate modeling, often resulting in time-varying, nonlinear differential equations. An energy-maximizing optimal control law is derived for time-varying, nonlinear, second-order, energy harvesting systems. We demonstrate that sustaining periodic motion under this control law when subjected to periodic disturbances necessitates identifying appropriate initial conditions, inducing the system to follow a limit cycle. The general optimal solution is applied to two point absorber wave energy converter models: a linear model where the analytical derivation of initial conditions suffices and a nonlinear model demanding a numerical approach. A stable limit cycle is obtained for the latter when the initial conditions lie within an ellipse centered at the origin of the phase plane. This work advances energy-maximizing optimal control solutions for nonautonomous nonlinear systems with application to point absorbers. The results also shed light on the significance of initial conditions in achieving physically realizable periodic motion for periodic energy harvesting systems.

Related Topics

Electrical Engineering

Voltage

Quantum Mechanics

Artificial Intelligence

Statistics

Geometry

Concepts

Wave energy converter Converters Control theory (sociology) Nonlinear system Energy harvesting Energy (signal processing) Point (geometry) Control (management) Mathematics Physics Computer science Engineering Electrical engineering Voltage Quantum mechanics Artificial intelligence Statistics Geometry

Metadata

Type: preprint
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
PDF: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download
OA Status: green
Cited By: 1
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4403453990

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4403453990

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Optimal Control of Nonlinear, Nonautonomous, Energy Harvesting Systems Applied to Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters

Work title
Type: preprint

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-10-16

Full publication date if available
Authors: Houssein Yassin, Tania Demonte Gonzalez, Kevin Nelson, Gordon G. Parker, Wayne W. Weaver

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Wave energy converter, Converters, Control theory (sociology), Nonlinear system, Energy harvesting, Energy (signal processing), Point (geometry), Control (management), Mathematics, Physics, Computer science, Engineering, Electrical engineering, Voltage, Quantum mechanics, Artificial intelligence, Statistics, Geometry

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 1

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4403453990
doi	https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4403453990
fwci	0.62277927
type	preprint
title	Optimal Control of Nonlinear, Nonautonomous, Energy Harvesting Systems Applied to Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters
biblio.issue
biblio.volume
biblio.last_page
biblio.first_page
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11250
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.9916999936103821
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2212
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Ocean Engineering
topics[0].display_name	Wave and Wind Energy Systems
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11392
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9833999872207642
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[1].display_name	Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T11230
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9144999980926514
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2210
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Mechanical Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C2985586866
concepts[0].level	3
concepts[0].score	0.7940729260444641
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554
concepts[0].display_name	Wave energy converter
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2778422915
concepts[1].level	3
concepts[1].score	0.7276085019111633
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051
concepts[1].display_name	Converters
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C47446073
concepts[2].level	3
concepts[2].score	0.6385779976844788
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890
concepts[2].display_name	Control theory (sociology)
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C158622935
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.6219793558120728
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848
concepts[3].display_name	Nonlinear system
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C101518730
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.6105237603187561
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236
concepts[4].display_name	Energy harvesting
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C186370098
concepts[5].level	2
concepts[5].score	0.6064321994781494
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787
concepts[5].display_name	Energy (signal processing)
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C28719098
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.519360363483429
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946
concepts[6].display_name	Point (geometry)
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C2775924081
concepts[7].level	2
concepts[7].score	0.4805212914943695
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371
concepts[7].display_name	Control (management)
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C33923547
concepts[8].level	0
concepts[8].score	0.3119618892669678
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395
concepts[8].display_name	Mathematics
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[9].level	0
concepts[9].score	0.3020928204059601
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[9].display_name	Physics
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[10].level	0
concepts[10].score	0.2840782403945923
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[10].display_name	Computer science
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[11].level	0
concepts[11].score	0.27817583084106445
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[11].display_name	Engineering
concepts[12].id	https://openalex.org/C119599485
concepts[12].level	1
concepts[12].score	0.15859931707382202
concepts[12].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035
concepts[12].display_name	Electrical engineering
concepts[13].id	https://openalex.org/C165801399
concepts[13].level	2
concepts[13].score	0.0
concepts[13].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428
concepts[13].display_name	Voltage
concepts[14].id	https://openalex.org/C62520636
concepts[14].level	1
concepts[14].score	0.0
concepts[14].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944
concepts[14].display_name	Quantum mechanics
concepts[15].id	https://openalex.org/C154945302
concepts[15].level	1
concepts[15].score	0.0
concepts[15].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660
concepts[15].display_name	Artificial intelligence
concepts[16].id	https://openalex.org/C105795698
concepts[16].level	1
concepts[16].score	0.0
concepts[16].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483
concepts[16].display_name	Statistics
concepts[17].id	https://openalex.org/C2524010
concepts[17].level	1
concepts[17].score	0.0
concepts[17].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087
concepts[17].display_name	Geometry
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-energy-converter
keywords[0].score	0.7940729260444641
keywords[0].display_name	Wave energy converter
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/converters
keywords[1].score	0.7276085019111633
keywords[1].display_name	Converters
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory
keywords[2].score	0.6385779976844788
keywords[2].display_name	Control theory (sociology)
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system
keywords[3].score	0.6219793558120728
keywords[3].display_name	Nonlinear system
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting
keywords[4].score	0.6105237603187561
keywords[4].display_name	Energy harvesting
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/energy
keywords[5].score	0.6064321994781494
keywords[5].display_name	Energy (signal processing)
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/point
keywords[6].score	0.519360363483429
keywords[6].display_name	Point (geometry)
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/control
keywords[7].score	0.4805212914943695
keywords[7].display_name	Control (management)
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics
keywords[8].score	0.3119618892669678
keywords[8].display_name	Mathematics
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physics
keywords[9].score	0.3020928204059601
keywords[9].display_name	Physics
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[10].score	0.2840782403945923
keywords[10].display_name	Computer science
keywords[11].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering
keywords[11].score	0.27817583084106445
keywords[11].display_name	Engineering
keywords[12].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering
keywords[12].score	0.15859931707382202
keywords[12].display_name	Electrical engineering
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S6309402219
locations[0].source.issn
locations[0].source.type	repository
locations[0].source.is_oa	True
locations[0].source.issn_l
locations[0].source.is_core	False
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Preprints.org
locations[0].source.host_organization
locations[0].source.host_organization_name
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download
locations[0].version	acceptedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	posted-content
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	False
locations[0].raw_source_name
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5003677904
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3143-0885
authorships[0].author.display_name	Houssein Yassin
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Houssein Yassin
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5031533321
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-620X
authorships[1].author.display_name	Tania Demonte Gonzalez
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Tania Demonte Gonzalez
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5106524950
authorships[2].author.orcid
authorships[2].author.display_name	Kevin Nelson
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Kevin Nelson
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5068242131
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-6624
authorships[3].author.display_name	Gordon G. Parker
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Gordon Parker
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5025373438
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-799X
authorships[4].author.display_name	Wayne W. Weaver
authorships[4].author_position	last
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Wayne W. Weaver
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Optimal Control of Nonlinear, Nonautonomous, Energy Harvesting Systems Applied to Point Absorber Wave Energy Converters
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11250
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.9916999936103821
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2212
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Ocean Engineering
primary_topic.display_name	Wave and Wind Energy Systems
related_works	https://openalex.org/W631083485, https://openalex.org/W2608087111, https://openalex.org/W2201865471, https://openalex.org/W2566010174, https://openalex.org/W2805827740, https://openalex.org/W1908935147, https://openalex.org/W1966708639, https://openalex.org/W1971404201, https://openalex.org/W2789010771, https://openalex.org/W1984437712
cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	1
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S6309402219
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Preprints.org
best_oa_location.source.host_organization
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download
best_oa_location.version	acceptedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	posted-content
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
primary_location.id	doi:10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S6309402219
primary_location.source.issn
primary_location.source.type	repository
primary_location.source.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.issn_l
primary_location.source.is_core	False
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Preprints.org
primary_location.source.host_organization
primary_location.source.host_organization_name
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310310987
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202410.1298/v1/download
primary_location.version	acceptedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	posted-content
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	False
primary_location.raw_source_name
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202410.1298.v1
publication_date	2024-10-16
publication_year	2024
referenced_works_count	0
abstract_inverted_index.A	107
abstract_inverted_index.a	71, 88, 100, 104
abstract_inverted_index.An	32
abstract_inverted_index.We	46
abstract_inverted_index.an	122
abstract_inverted_index.at	125
abstract_inverted_index.in	27, 159
abstract_inverted_index.is	37, 78, 111
abstract_inverted_index.of	95, 128, 156
abstract_inverted_index.on	9, 153
abstract_inverted_index.to	7, 58, 69, 80, 145
abstract_inverted_index.The	74, 148
abstract_inverted_index.and	99
abstract_inverted_index.for	39, 113, 139, 165
abstract_inverted_index.has	4
abstract_inverted_index.law	36, 55
abstract_inverted_index.lie	120
abstract_inverted_index.the	67, 92, 114, 117, 126, 129, 154
abstract_inverted_index.two	81
abstract_inverted_index.This	132
abstract_inverted_index.also	150
abstract_inverted_index.from	13
abstract_inverted_index.laws	17
abstract_inverted_index.shed	151
abstract_inverted_index.that	18, 48
abstract_inverted_index.this	53
abstract_inverted_index.wave	84
abstract_inverted_index.when	56, 116
abstract_inverted_index.with	143
abstract_inverted_index.work	133
abstract_inverted_index.cycle	110
abstract_inverted_index.focus	8
abstract_inverted_index.light	152
abstract_inverted_index.limit	72, 109
abstract_inverted_index.model	90, 102
abstract_inverted_index.often	25
abstract_inverted_index.phase	130
abstract_inverted_index.point	82, 146
abstract_inverted_index.under	52
abstract_inverted_index.where	91
abstract_inverted_index.cycle.	73
abstract_inverted_index.energy	2, 11, 20, 43, 85, 167
abstract_inverted_index.follow	70
abstract_inverted_index.latter	115
abstract_inverted_index.linear	89
abstract_inverted_index.motion	51, 164
abstract_inverted_index.origin	127
abstract_inverted_index.plane.	131
abstract_inverted_index.stable	108
abstract_inverted_index.system	68
abstract_inverted_index.within	121
abstract_inverted_index.Control	16
abstract_inverted_index.applied	79
abstract_inverted_index.control	35, 54, 137
abstract_inverted_index.derived	38
abstract_inverted_index.ellipse	123
abstract_inverted_index.general	75
abstract_inverted_index.initial	64, 96, 118, 157
abstract_inverted_index.models:	87
abstract_inverted_index.optimal	34, 76, 136
abstract_inverted_index.require	22
abstract_inverted_index.results	149
abstract_inverted_index.systems	142
abstract_inverted_index.Pursuing	0
abstract_inverted_index.absorber	83
abstract_inverted_index.accurate	23
abstract_inverted_index.advances	134
abstract_inverted_index.centered	124
abstract_inverted_index.inducing	66
abstract_inverted_index.obtained	112
abstract_inverted_index.optimize	19
abstract_inverted_index.periodic	50, 59, 163, 166
abstract_inverted_index.prompted	5
abstract_inverted_index.solution	77
abstract_inverted_index.sources.	15
abstract_inverted_index.suffices	98
abstract_inverted_index.systems.	45, 169
abstract_inverted_index.achieving	160
abstract_inverted_index.approach.	106
abstract_inverted_index.converter	86
abstract_inverted_index.demanding	103
abstract_inverted_index.modeling,	24
abstract_inverted_index.nonlinear	29, 101, 141
abstract_inverted_index.numerical	105
abstract_inverted_index.renewable	14
abstract_inverted_index.resulting	26
abstract_inverted_index.solutions	3, 138
abstract_inverted_index.subjected	57
abstract_inverted_index.absorbers.	147
abstract_inverted_index.analytical	93
abstract_inverted_index.conditions	97, 119, 158
abstract_inverted_index.derivation	94
abstract_inverted_index.equations.	31
abstract_inverted_index.extraction	12, 21
abstract_inverted_index.harvesting	44, 168
abstract_inverted_index.nonlinear,	41
abstract_inverted_index.optimizing	10
abstract_inverted_index.physically	161
abstract_inverted_index.realizable	162
abstract_inverted_index.sustaining	49
abstract_inverted_index.application	144
abstract_inverted_index.appropriate	63
abstract_inverted_index.conditions,	65
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	47
abstract_inverted_index.identifying	62
abstract_inverted_index.researchers	6
abstract_inverted_index.sustainable	1
abstract_inverted_index.differential	30
abstract_inverted_index.disturbances	60
abstract_inverted_index.necessitates	61
abstract_inverted_index.significance	155
abstract_inverted_index.nonautonomous	140
abstract_inverted_index.second-order,	42
abstract_inverted_index.time-varying,	28, 40
abstract_inverted_index.energy-maximizing	33, 135
cited_by_percentile_year.max	95
cited_by_percentile_year.min	91
countries_distinct_count	0
institutions_distinct_count	5
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.46000000834465027
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Affordable and clean energy
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.65244486
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False