Optimization of Fluidized-Bed Process Parameters for Coating Uniformity and Nutrient-Release Characteristics of Controlled-Release Urea Produced by Modified Lignocellulosic Coating Material Article Swipe
Arshid Mahmood Ali
,
Babar Azeem
,
Ahmad M. Alghamdi
,
Khurram Shahzad
,
Abdulrahim Ahmad Al-Zahrani
,
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
,
Aishah Binti Mahpudz
,
Asif Jamil
·
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030725
YOU?
·
· 2023
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030725
Controlled-release fertilizers are employed in precision agriculture to optimize technology-enabled farming without environmental deterioration. In this study, almond-shell lignocellulosic waste particles are chemically processed to synthesize a coating suspension for the production of controlled-release urea (CRU) in a Wurster fluidized-bed reactor. The interactive effect of process parameters such as atomizing air pressure (Pair), fluidized-bed temperature (Tfb), spray rate (Rspray), and fluidizing-air flow rate (Qair) on the (i) coating-film uniformity of CRU particles and (ii) longevity of nutrient-release from CRU is reported. CCRD is used with RSM to design the experiments for the optimization of nutrient-release performance and coating-film uniformity in terms of a coefficient-of-variance (CoV) of film thickness. The regression models indicate a good prediction of coating-film uniformity and nutrient-release time, with R2 = 0.971 and R2 = 0.98, respectively. The optimum conditions for coating-film uniformity are determined to be Pair = 3.5 bar, Tfb = 80 °C, Rspray = 0.15 mL/s, and Qair = 72 m3/h, with a predicted CoV film thickness of 11.5%. Similarly, Pair = 3.2 bar, Tfb = 78 °C, Rspray = 0.125 mL/s, and Qair = 75 m3/h are the optimum conditions for nutrient-release performance, with a prediction nutrient-release time = 56 h. The experimental validation yields a CoV of film thickness = 12.6% and a nutrient-release time = 49.5 h, indicating good agreement between predicted and experimental values. In addition, Tfb appears to be the most significant parameter.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030725
- https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/725/pdf?version=1677586262
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 7
- References
- 30
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4322741925
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4322741925Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030725Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Optimization of Fluidized-Bed Process Parameters for Coating Uniformity and Nutrient-Release Characteristics of Controlled-Release Urea Produced by Modified Lignocellulosic Coating MaterialWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2023Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2023-02-28Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Arshid Mahmood Ali, Babar Azeem, Ahmad M. Alghamdi, Khurram Shahzad, Abdulrahim Ahmad Al-Zahrani, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Aishah Binti Mahpudz, Asif JamilList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030725Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/725/pdf?version=1677586262Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
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https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/13/3/725/pdf?version=1677586262Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Coating, Fluidized bed, Materials science, Volumetric flow rate, Composite material, Cru, Bar (unit), Urea, Chemical engineering, Chromatography, Chemistry, Precipitation, Physics, Quantum mechanics, Engineering, Organic chemistry, MeteorologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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7Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
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30Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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