Optimized Interaction P-M diagram for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Column based on Artificial Neural Networks Article Swipe
Won‐Kee Hong
,
Manh Cuong Nguyen
,
Tien Dat Pham
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697
This study proposes an artificial neural network for a design of reinforced concrete (RC) columns for structural engineers who are interested in performing reverse designs, exploring influences of structural parameters (e.g., $$\phi {P_n},{\ }\phi {M_n}$$, and $${{\rm{\varepsilon }}_{\rm{s}}}$$) or code requirements on structural performances. The proposed networks enable both forward and reverse designs for an RC column, which is challenging to be achieved using conventional designs. An AI-based surrogate model of RC columns with sufficient training accuracy can comprehensively replace conventional design software, exhibiting excellent productivity for both forward and reverse designs. In addition, useful reverse design models based on neural networks can be established by relocating preferable control parameters, including safety factor (SF = $${\ }\phi {M_n}/{M_u}$$) and an aspect ratio of column sections, into the input region. All associated design parameters, including $$b$$, $$h$$, and $${\rho _s}$$, are computed on an output side. Design charts, such as the P–M diagram, are constructed, demonstrating design moment strength equal to the factored moment demand by specifying SF = 1. The design scenarios can be extended as further as possible to meet the requirements of engineers.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697
- https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=true
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 11
- References
- 21
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4205926210
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4205926210Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Optimized Interaction P-M diagram for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Column based on Artificial Neural NetworksWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-01-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Won‐Kee Hong, Manh Cuong Nguyen, Tien Dat PhamList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=trueDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=trueDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Artificial neural network, Column (typography), Moment (physics), Diagram, Software, Structural engineering, Computer science, Engineering, Artificial intelligence, Classical mechanics, Database, Programming language, Connection (principal bundle), PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
11Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2023: 7, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
21Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4205926210 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4205926210 |
| fwci | 1.58907398 |
| type | article |
| title | Optimized Interaction P-M diagram for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Column based on Artificial Neural Networks |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G3875656425 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320322120 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | MSIT 2019R1A2C2004965 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Research Foundation of Korea |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 22 |
| biblio.last_page | 225 |
| biblio.first_page | 201 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10534 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9988999962806702 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Structural Health Monitoring Techniques |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12487 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9965000152587891 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Structural Engineering and Vibration Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11115 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9900000095367432 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Topology Optimization in Engineering |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320322120 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/013aysd81 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Research Foundation of Korea |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 950 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1165 |
| apc_paid.value | 950 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1165 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C50644808 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7087697982788086 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Artificial neural network |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780551164 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6073498129844666 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Column (typography) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C179254644 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.58458411693573 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Moment (physics) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C186399060 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4561452567577362 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959962 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Diagram |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2777904410 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4386553466320038 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Software |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4334371089935303 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4005263149738312 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.357042133808136 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.20158594846725464 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C74650414 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C77088390 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Database |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C13355873 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920850 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Connection (principal bundle) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7087697982788086 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Artificial neural network |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/column |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6073498129844666 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Column (typography) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/moment |
| keywords[2].score | 0.58458411693573 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Moment (physics) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/diagram |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4561452567577362 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Diagram |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/software |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4386553466320038 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Software |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4334371089935303 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4005263149738312 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.357042133808136 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[8].score | 0.20158594846725464 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S100777832 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1346-7581, 1347-2852 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1346-7581 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=true |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb5df6f497ce4752ac639c09eb825f5b |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 201-225 (2023) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/cb5df6f497ce4752ac639c09eb825f5b |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025409379 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1955-9598 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Won‐Kee Hong |
| authorships[0].countries | KR |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01zqcg218 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Kyung Hee University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Won-Kee Hong |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5057715671 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6342-1393 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Manh Cuong Nguyen |
| authorships[1].countries | KR |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01zqcg218 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Kyung Hee University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Manh Cuong Nguyen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035614978 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-2847 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Tien Dat Pham |
| authorships[2].countries | KR |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01zqcg218 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | KR |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Kyung Hee University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Tien Dat Pham |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Architectural Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=true |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Optimized Interaction P-M diagram for Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Column based on Artificial Neural Networks |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10534 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9988999962806702 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Structural Health Monitoring Techniques |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2181722423, https://openalex.org/W2347222412, https://openalex.org/W2085601491, https://openalex.org/W2375996887, https://openalex.org/W4322723290, https://openalex.org/W2368976073, https://openalex.org/W2376548177, https://openalex.org/W2808994565, https://openalex.org/W2769449614, https://openalex.org/W1956179383 |
| cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S100777832 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1346-7581, 1347-2852 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1346-7581 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=true |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S100777832 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1346-7581, 1347-2852 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1346-7581 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Taylor & Francis |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320547 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Taylor & Francis |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697?needAccess=true |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2021.2018697 |
| publication_date | 2022-01-19 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3011658722, https://openalex.org/W1997914333, https://openalex.org/W2969634526, https://openalex.org/W2991525034, https://openalex.org/W2894976931, https://openalex.org/W3095018016, https://openalex.org/W2743806551, https://openalex.org/W2084587589, https://openalex.org/W3160989352, https://openalex.org/W3159991736, https://openalex.org/W3081776292, https://openalex.org/W3035897513, https://openalex.org/W2956458636, https://openalex.org/W3034537672, https://openalex.org/W3150727211, https://openalex.org/W3119850794, https://openalex.org/W2044575286, https://openalex.org/W2900003621, https://openalex.org/W2063009656, https://openalex.org/W2229000723, https://openalex.org/W2040319066 |
| referenced_works_count | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.= | 114, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1. | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.An | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RC | 55, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SF | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 3, 54, 119, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 148, 175, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 61, 103, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 105, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 10, 27, 70, 122, 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 41, 99, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 60, 159, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SF | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.All | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 44, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 35, 50, 89, 118, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 19, 139, 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 77, 102, 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 7, 15, 53, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 126, 149, 160, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.who | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$${\ | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RC) | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 48, 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.code | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meet | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.P–M | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.equal | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.input | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.side. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.}\phi | 33, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$\phi | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$b$$, | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$$h$$, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Design | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index._s}$$, | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspect | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.column | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demand | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design | 9, 81, 96, 131, 155, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enable | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factor | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moment | 156, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neural | 5, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.output | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.useful | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$${\rho | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.charts, | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.column, | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.columns | 14, 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.forward | 49, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.region. | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replace | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reverse | 23, 51, 90, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AI-based | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computed | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concrete | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs, | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designs. | 65, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagram, | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extended | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.factored | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.networks | 46, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposes | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.training | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.{M_n}$$, | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.{P_n},{\ | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addition, | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineers | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excellent | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploring | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 110, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sections, | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.software, | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surrogate | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.artificial | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.engineers. | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhibiting | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.influences | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interested | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performing | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.preferable | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reinforced | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relocating | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specifying | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 16, 28, 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sufficient | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.established | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters, | 109, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constructed, | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conventional | 64, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.productivity | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.requirements | 40, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrating | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performances. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.{M_n}/{M_u}$$) | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensively | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.}}_{\rm{s}}}$$) | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.$${{\rm{\varepsilon | 36 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 94 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5025409379 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I35928602 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4099999964237213 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Decent work and economic growth |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.76353276 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |