Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis Article Swipe
Roger Stabbins
,
P. M. Grindrod
,
S. Motaghian
,
E. J. Allender
,
C. R. Cousins
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398
In this paper we address two problems associated with data‐limited dynamic spacecraft exploration: data‐prioritization for transmission, and data‐reduction for interpretation, in the context of ESA ExoMars rover multispectral imaging. We present and explore a strategy for selecting and combining subsets of spectral channels captured from the ExoMars Panoramic Camera, and attempt to seek hematite against a background of phyllosilicates and basalts as a test case scenario, anticipated from orbital studies of the rover landing site. We compute all available dimension reductions on the material reflectance spectra afforded by 4 spectral parameter types, and consider all possible paired combinations of these. We then find the optimal linear combination of each pair whilst evaluating the resultant target‐vs.‐background separation in terms of the Fisher Ratio and classification accuracy, using Linear Discriminant Analysis. We find ∼50,000 spectral parameter combinations with a classification accuracy >95% that use 6‐or‐less filters, and that the highest accuracy score is 99.6% using 6 filters, but that an accuracy of >99% can still be achieved with 2 filters. We find that when the more computationally efficient Fisher Ratio is used to rank the combinations, the highest accuracy is 99.1% using 4 filters, and 95.1% when limited to 2 filters. These findings are applicable to the task of time‐constrained planning of multispectral observations, and to the evaluation and cross‐comparison of multispectral imaging systems at specific material discrimination tasks.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398
- OA Status
- gold
- References
- 66
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4403238519
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4403238519Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant AnalysisWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-10-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Roger Stabbins, P. M. Grindrod, S. Motaghian, E. J. Allender, C. R. CousinsList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Multispectral image, Remote sensing, Geology, Linear discriminant analysis, Computer science, Environmental science, Artificial intelligenceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
0Total citation count in OpenAlex
- References (count)
-
66Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4403238519 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4403238519 |
| fwci | 0.0 |
| type | article |
| title | Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G8241675190 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320312931 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | ST/T001747/1 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | UK Space Agency |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G177928392 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320334632 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | ST/R504961/1 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Science and Technology Facilities Council |
| biblio.issue | 10 |
| biblio.volume | 11 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10406 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[0].display_name | Planetary Science and Exploration |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10325 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.973800003528595 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[1].display_name | Astro and Planetary Science |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12788 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[2].score | 0.9682000279426575 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| topics[2].display_name | Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320312931 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/051sgbe98 |
| funders[0].display_name | UK Space Agency |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334632 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/057g20z61 |
| funders[1].display_name | Science and Technology Facilities Council |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1800 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1800 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C173163844 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.918075680732727 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Multispectral image |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C62649853 |
| concepts[1].level | 1 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7341787219047546 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Remote sensing |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5193741917610168 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C69738355 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5140613317489624 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Linear discriminant analysis |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4398338198661804 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.3537551760673523 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.25431740283966064 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image |
| keywords[0].score | 0.918075680732727 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Multispectral image |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7341787219047546 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Remote sensing |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5193741917610168 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5140613317489624 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Linear discriminant analysis |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4398338198661804 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[5].score | 0.3537551760673523 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[6].score | 0.25431740283966064 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764679394 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2333-5084 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2333-5084 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Earth and Space Science |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Geophysical Union |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Geophysical Union |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Earth and Space Science |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk:10023/31362 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400230 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | St Andrews Research Repository (St Andrews Research Repository) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I16835326 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | University of St Andrews |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I16835326 |
| locations[1].license | other-oa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Journal article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EA003398 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a516bc9801e44eb89cd6ba744a1b43c1 |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Earth and Space Science, Vol 11, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2024) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/a516bc9801e44eb89cd6ba744a1b43c1 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5074960141 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-8535 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Roger Stabbins |
| authorships[0].countries | GB |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/039zvsn29 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | archive |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Natural History Museum |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | R. B. Stabbins |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059725814 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-5131 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | P. M. Grindrod |
| authorships[1].countries | GB |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/039zvsn29 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | archive |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Natural History Museum |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | P. M. Grindrod |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5090069624 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2956-6828 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | S. Motaghian |
| authorships[2].countries | GB |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/039zvsn29 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | archive |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Natural History Museum |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | S. Motaghian |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Natural History Museum, London, UK |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040508809 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-7895 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | E. J. Allender |
| authorships[3].countries | GB |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I45129253 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Space & Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, London, UK |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I45129253 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02jx3x895 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124357947, https://openalex.org/I45129253 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University College London |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | E. J. Allender |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Space & Climate Physics, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, London, UK |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032711877 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8079 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | C. R. Cousins |
| authorships[4].countries | GB |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I16835326 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I16835326 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02wn5qz54 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I16835326 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of St Andrews |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | C. R. Cousins |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Earth & Environmental Sciences University of St. Andrews St Andrews UK |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Optimizing ExoMars Rover Remote Sensing Multispectral Science II: Choosing and Using Multispectral Filters for Dynamic Planetary Surface Exploration With Linear Discriminant Analysis |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10406 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3103 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Astronomy and Astrophysics |
| primary_topic.display_name | Planetary Science and Exploration |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4318664220, https://openalex.org/W2771047279, https://openalex.org/W4388409104, https://openalex.org/W2124951708, https://openalex.org/W1544811710, https://openalex.org/W172072032, https://openalex.org/W2006066416, https://openalex.org/W3157073418, https://openalex.org/W2021642829, https://openalex.org/W2058127401 |
| cited_by_count | 0 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764679394 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2333-5084 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2333-5084 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Earth and Space Science |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | American Geophysical Union |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Geophysical Union |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Earth and Space Science |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764679394 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2333-5084 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2333-5084 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Earth and Space Science |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Geophysical Union |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310315809 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Geophysical Union |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Earth and Space Science |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ea003398 |
| publication_date | 2024-10-01 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3165252627, https://openalex.org/W3152724713, https://openalex.org/W2143625007, https://openalex.org/W2091397530, https://openalex.org/W1662722473, https://openalex.org/W2989573902, https://openalex.org/W2727928598, https://openalex.org/W3130701258, https://openalex.org/W2010353627, https://openalex.org/W2169771379, https://openalex.org/W4212984409, https://openalex.org/W2083317216, https://openalex.org/W2161428009, https://openalex.org/W1969383963, https://openalex.org/W2146547148, https://openalex.org/W2154536501, https://openalex.org/W2016600127, https://openalex.org/W2618041071, https://openalex.org/W1965036741, https://openalex.org/W2003636778, https://openalex.org/W2096357585, https://openalex.org/W3106274454, https://openalex.org/W2065828016, https://openalex.org/W1620978742, https://openalex.org/W1637812262, https://openalex.org/W2102563814, https://openalex.org/W2321341409, https://openalex.org/W3047014560, https://openalex.org/W2705677880, https://openalex.org/W4281554961, https://openalex.org/W2317096258, https://openalex.org/W2078222544, https://openalex.org/W1965251127, https://openalex.org/W3132195051, https://openalex.org/W2018194343, https://openalex.org/W2561340860, https://openalex.org/W3082903159, https://openalex.org/W4200379989, https://openalex.org/W2014612282, https://openalex.org/W1976948206, https://openalex.org/W292431684, https://openalex.org/W4226313669, https://openalex.org/W2127825733, https://openalex.org/W2080049589, https://openalex.org/W2551546110, https://openalex.org/W2946644377, https://openalex.org/W2054809586, https://openalex.org/W2126230369, https://openalex.org/W2120147741, https://openalex.org/W3118242898, https://openalex.org/W2047873536, https://openalex.org/W2081480914, https://openalex.org/W4322486408, https://openalex.org/W4290650066, https://openalex.org/W2067962399, https://openalex.org/W2053212287, https://openalex.org/W6892698356, https://openalex.org/W6911155762, https://openalex.org/W6911485853, https://openalex.org/W6911493400, https://openalex.org/W805428182, https://openalex.org/W2738005120, https://openalex.org/W1874374897, https://openalex.org/W2621189146, https://openalex.org/W2103050290, https://openalex.org/W2084134149 |
| referenced_works_count | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 167, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 89, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 34, 56, 63, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 30, 76, 101, 130, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 21, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 151, 179, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 24, 41, 58, 71, 99, 108, 119, 160, 207, 210, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 52, 181, 197, 204, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ESA | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 78, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 17, 32, 38, 50, 60, 93, 123, 145, 193, 213, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 15, 19, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 22, 46, 72, 83, 104, 113, 120, 147, 173, 183, 185, 205, 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.each | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 103, 131, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 45, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pair | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rank | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seek | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.task | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 141, 146, 157, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 172, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 9, 136, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.95.1% | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.99.1% | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.99.6% | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ratio | 122, 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rover | 27, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.score | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site. | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.still | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terms | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 126, 153, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fisher | 121, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Linear | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linear | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paired | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tasks. | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these. | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.types, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whilst | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.>95% | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.>99% | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Camera, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ExoMars | 26, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attempt | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basalts | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compute | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.context | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamic | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explore | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highest | 148, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.landing | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.orbital | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectra | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.subsets | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 139, 149, 159, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.afforded | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.captured | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.channels | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consider | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filters, | 144, 155, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.filters. | 168, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hematite | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.imaging. | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.material | 84, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planning | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specific | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectral | 42, 90, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategy | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Analysis. | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Panoramic | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy, | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.available | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combining | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimension | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameter | 91, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resultant | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenario, | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.selecting | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.∼50,000 | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applicable | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.background | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluating | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluation | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reductions | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separation | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spacecraft | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anticipated | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combination | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reflectance | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Discriminant | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combinations | 98, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploration: | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6‐or‐less | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combinations, | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multispectral | 28, 211, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observations, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transmission, | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classification | 124, 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data‐limited | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrimination | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computationally | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interpretation, | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phyllosilicates | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data‐reduction | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cross‐comparison | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time‐constrained | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data‐prioritization | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.target‐vs.‐background | 115 |
| cited_by_percentile_year | |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5074960141 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I1336856363 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.6899999976158142 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Reduced inequalities |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.15514898 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |