Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87^* Article Swipe

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Rohan Dahale , Ilje Cho , Kotaro Moriyama , K. Wiik , Paul Tiede , Laura Gómez , Chi‐kwan Chan , Roman Gold , Vadim Y. Bernshteyn , Marianna Foschi , Britton Jeter , Hung-Yi Pu , Boris Georgiev , Vikas Joshi , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Iniyan Natarajan , E. Avery Broderick , L. Salas , Koushik Chatterjee , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , A. Alberdi , W. Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , U. Bach , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , B. A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Lindy Blackburn , R. Blundell , L. Katherine Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , S. Britzen , Dominique Broguière , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas Ferreira Carlos , J. E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , O. Chang , Shami Chatterjee , Ming‐Tang Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Xiaopeng Cheng , Pierre Christian , Shelly Conroy , J. E. Conway , T. M. Crawford , G. Crew , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Jessica Dempsey , G. Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , K. Indu Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , H. Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , E. B. Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Michael Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , F. Charles Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Gertie Geertsema , C. Goddi , I. Arturo Gómez-Ruiz , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul T. P. Ho , Mareki Honma , Lei Huang ·

YOU? · · 2025 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555235

We investigate the origin of the elliptical ring structure observed in the images of the supermassive black hole M87 * , aiming to disentangle contributions from gravitational, astrophysical, and imaging effects. Leveraging the enhanced capabilities of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT)'s 2018 array, including improved ( u , v )-coverage from the Greenland Telescope, we measured the ring's ellipticity using five independent imaging methods, obtaining a consistent average value of τ = 0.08 −0.02 +0.03 with a position angle of ξ = 50.1 −7.6 +6.2 degrees. To interpret this measurement, we compared it to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations spanning a wide range of physical parameters including the thermal or nonthermal electron distribution function, spins, and ion-to-electron temperature ratios in both low- and high-density regions. We find no statistically significant correlation between spin and ellipticity in GRMHD images. Instead, we identify a correlation between ellipticity and the fraction of non-ring emission, particularly in nonthermal models and models with higher jet emission. These results indicate that the ellipticity measured from the M87 * emission structure is consistent with that expected from simulations of turbulent accretion flows around black holes, where it is dominated by astrophysical effects rather than gravitational ones. Future high-resolution imaging, including space very long baseline interferometry and long-term monitoring, will be essential to isolate gravitational signatures from astrophysical effects.

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Physics Astrophysics Black hole (networking) Astronomy Ring (chemistry) Chemistry Link-state routing protocol Routing (electronic design automation) Computer network Computer science Organic chemistry Routing protocol

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Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555235
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555235

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Title: Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87^*

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Publication year: 2025

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Authors: Rohan Dahale, Ilje Cho, Kotaro Moriyama, K. Wiik, Paul Tiede, Laura Gómez, Chi‐kwan Chan, Roman Gold, Vadim Y. Bernshteyn, Marianna Foschi, Britton Jeter, Hung-Yi Pu, Boris Georgiev, Vikas Joshi, Alejandro Cruz-Osorio, Iniyan Natarajan, E. Avery Broderick, L. Salas, Koushik Chatterjee, Kazunori Akiyama, Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz, A. Alberdi, W. Alef, Juan Carlos Algaba, Richard Anantua, Keiichi Asada, Rebecca Azulay, U. Bach, Anne-Kathrin Baczko, David Ball, Mislav Baloković, Bidisha Bandyopadhyay, John Barrett, Michi Bauböck, B. A. Benson, Dan Bintley, Lindy Blackburn, R. Blundell, L. Katherine Bouman, Geoffrey C. Bower, Michael Bremer, Roger Brissenden, S. Britzen, Dominique Broguière, Thomas Bronzwaer, Sandra Bustamante, Douglas Ferreira Carlos, J. E. Carlstrom, Andrew Chael, O. Chang, Shami Chatterjee, Ming‐Tang Chen, Xiaopeng Cheng, Xiaopeng Cheng, Pierre Christian, Shelly Conroy, J. E. Conway, T. M. Crawford, G. Crew, Yuzhu Cui, Brandon Curd, Jordy Davelaar, Mariafelicia De Laurentis, Roger Deane, Jessica Dempsey, G. Desvignes, Jason Dexter, Vedant Dhruv, K. Indu Dihingia, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Sergio A. Dzib, Ralph P. Eatough, Razieh Emami, H. Falcke, Joseph Farah, Vincent L. Fish, E. B. Fomalont, H. Alyson Ford, Raquel Fraga-Encinas, William T. Freeman, Per Friberg, Michael Fromm, Antonio Fuentes, Peter Galison, F. Charles Gammie, Roberto García, Olivier Gentaz, Gertie Geertsema, C. Goddi, I. Arturo Gómez-Ruiz, Minfeng Gu, Mark Gurwell, Kazuhiro Hada, Daryl Haggard, Ronald Hesper, Dirk Heumann, Luis C. Ho, Paul T. P. Ho, Mareki Honma, Lei Huang

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Concepts: Physics, Astrophysics, Black hole (networking), Astronomy, Ring (chemistry), Chemistry, Link-state routing protocol, Routing (electronic design automation), Computer network, Computer science, Organic chemistry, Routing protocol

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Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87* Article Swipe

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Origin of the ring ellipticity in the black hole images of M87^* Article Swipe