Oxygen vacancies mediated ferromagnetism with enhanced optical and dielectric properties in Gd3+ and Co2+/Mn2+ co-doped ZnO nanocrystals Article Swipe
Adil Murtaza
,
Xianghao Song
,
Saima Noreen
,
Wei Zhang
,
Haoyi Wu
,
Awais Ghani
,
Fazal Kabir
,
Wenliang Zuo
,
Kaili Li
,
Azhar Saeed
,
Adil Murtaza
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330
Herein, diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) nanocrystals (NCs) of GdxTM0.07Zn0.93−xO (TM=Co, Mn) with Gd concentrations of 3 at% and 6 at% and a fixed TM concentration of 7 at% were synthesized using sol-gel technique, and their multifunctional properties were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a wurtzite hexagonal structure for all synthesized NCs with no detectable impurity peaks. Williamson–Hall (W–H) plots revealed a trend of decreasing crystallite size and increasing lattice strain with higher doping levels. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based morphological analysis showed irregularly shaped NCs with an average crystallite size of 32–40 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the 3 + oxidation state of Gd and 2 + states for Co/Mn, as well as the presence of oxygen defects. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy indicated a reduction in the band gap for the doped samples. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra revealed the formation of defects and oxygen vacancies in the samples. Magnetic characterization demonstrated room-temperature ferromagnetic (RTFM) behavior in all doped NCs, which was further verified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Combining with PL and XPS results, the observed ferromagnetism is attributed to interactions between dopant ions and trapped electrons, mediated by magnetic polarons. Dielectric measurements revealed an increase in both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss, suggesting enhanced dielectric polarization. The AC conductivity increased with frequency due to hopping charge carriers. These results show that oxygen vacancies created by Gd3+ and Co2+/Mn2+ co-doping in the host ZnO lattice have a significant impact on the multifunctional properties of ZnO nanocrystals.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 81
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4411275774
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4411275774Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Oxygen vacancies mediated ferromagnetism with enhanced optical and dielectric properties in Gd3+ and Co2+/Mn2+ co-doped ZnO nanocrystalsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-06-13Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Adil Murtaza, Xianghao Song, Saima Noreen, Wei Zhang, Haoyi Wu, Awais Ghani, Fazal Kabir, Wenliang Zuo, Kaili Li, Azhar Saeed, Adil MurtazaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Ferromagnetism, Doping, Materials science, Oxygen, Dielectric, Nanocrystal, Condensed matter physics, Optoelectronics, Nanotechnology, Chemistry, Physics, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
81Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4411275774 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4411275774 |
| fwci | 1.58545715 |
| type | article |
| title | Oxygen vacancies mediated ferromagnetism with enhanced optical and dielectric properties in Gd3+ and Co2+/Mn2+ co-doped ZnO nanocrystals |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 75 |
| biblio.last_page | 108330 |
| biblio.first_page | 108330 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10090 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[0].display_name | ZnO doping and properties |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11907 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9976999759674072 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[1].display_name | Copper-based nanomaterials and applications |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10321 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9968000054359436 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| topics[2].display_name | Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 850 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 850 |
| apc_paid.value | 850 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 850 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C82217956 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7779242396354675 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Ferromagnetism |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C57863236 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6760574579238892 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Doping |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.669357180595398 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C540031477 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6339761018753052 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Oxygen |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C133386390 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6294153928756714 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Dielectric |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C175854130 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.6228489875793457 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98276914 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Nanocrystal |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C26873012 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.36771875619888306 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Condensed matter physics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C49040817 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.29475295543670654 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.2666335701942444 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.22936826944351196 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ferromagnetism |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7779242396354675 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Ferromagnetism |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/doping |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6760574579238892 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Doping |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.669357180595398 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6339761018753052 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Oxygen |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6294153928756714 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Dielectric |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanocrystal |
| keywords[5].score | 0.6228489875793457 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Nanocrystal |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.36771875619888306 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Condensed matter physics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.29475295543670654 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Optoelectronics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.2666335701942444 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[9].score | 0.22936826944351196 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Chemistry |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764941219 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2211-3797 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2211-3797 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Results in Physics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Results in Physics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cca8605fc3b54190ad506e797c40d456 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Results in Physics, Vol 75, Iss , Pp 108330- (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/cca8605fc3b54190ad506e797c40d456 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022296367 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-5005 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Adil Murtaza |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Adil Murtaza |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022259622 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Xianghao Song |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Xianghao Song |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5060847704 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2890-1287 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Saima Noreen |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Saddaf Noreen |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100612325 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-4781 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Wei Zhang |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Wei Zhang |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5076669398 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-5916 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Haoyi Wu |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Wu Haoyi |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030699095 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-6982 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Awais Ghani |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Awais Ghani |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5035849559 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Fazal Kabir |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Fazal Kabir |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5108384042 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Wenliang Zuo |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Wen-Liang Zuo |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101917631 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-5689 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Kaili Li |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Kaili Li |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023436483 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4206-5502 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Azhar Saeed |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Azhar Saeed |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022296367 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4205-5005 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Adil Murtaza |
| authorships[10].author_position | last |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Sen Yang |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Oxygen vacancies mediated ferromagnetism with enhanced optical and dielectric properties in Gd3+ and Co2+/Mn2+ co-doped ZnO nanocrystals |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10090 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2505 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Materials Chemistry |
| primary_topic.display_name | ZnO doping and properties |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2063944086, https://openalex.org/W3004246895, https://openalex.org/W1981589971, https://openalex.org/W3151666176, https://openalex.org/W2046382749, https://openalex.org/W2086631798, https://openalex.org/W4389453731, https://openalex.org/W1564970384, https://openalex.org/W1990781930, https://openalex.org/W2977879447 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764941219 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2211-3797 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2211-3797 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Results in Physics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Results in Physics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764941219 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2211-3797 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2211-3797 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Results in Physics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Results in Physics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2025.108330 |
| publication_date | 2025-06-13 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W6868905724, https://openalex.org/W1971309419, https://openalex.org/W2042473487, https://openalex.org/W3177266918, https://openalex.org/W4283399242, https://openalex.org/W2086159342, https://openalex.org/W2806445369, https://openalex.org/W2078008448, https://openalex.org/W2037085332, https://openalex.org/W2059689472, https://openalex.org/W2030816980, https://openalex.org/W2804515066, https://openalex.org/W1977934360, https://openalex.org/W2011587092, https://openalex.org/W2505149974, https://openalex.org/W2113694580, https://openalex.org/W1969409839, https://openalex.org/W4200124687, https://openalex.org/W4394795488, https://openalex.org/W4318833265, https://openalex.org/W2771727230, https://openalex.org/W2761657699, https://openalex.org/W2141004917, https://openalex.org/W3051013400, https://openalex.org/W3140890859, https://openalex.org/W4220932036, https://openalex.org/W2775528998, https://openalex.org/W6782279993, https://openalex.org/W2093484004, https://openalex.org/W2037364200, https://openalex.org/W2162424315, https://openalex.org/W4406425618, https://openalex.org/W2046496639, https://openalex.org/W3131121898, https://openalex.org/W2314976246, https://openalex.org/W752117753, https://openalex.org/W347877559, https://openalex.org/W3092883311, https://openalex.org/W2774011186, https://openalex.org/W2042577503, https://openalex.org/W2055013093, https://openalex.org/W2093253964, https://openalex.org/W2317766850, https://openalex.org/W2160027490, https://openalex.org/W4400380327, https://openalex.org/W2474077600, https://openalex.org/W2951276487, https://openalex.org/W2552897014, https://openalex.org/W2425884985, https://openalex.org/W1983378088, https://openalex.org/W6767601968, https://openalex.org/W2137751240, https://openalex.org/W3004606956, https://openalex.org/W2043360371, https://openalex.org/W2061227804, https://openalex.org/W2070859281, https://openalex.org/W2348013753, https://openalex.org/W2085774273, https://openalex.org/W2312901369, https://openalex.org/W2005024190, https://openalex.org/W3101874467, https://openalex.org/W2087080117, https://openalex.org/W2060311161, https://openalex.org/W2043586278, https://openalex.org/W2045430957, https://openalex.org/W2070297733, https://openalex.org/W1969795954, https://openalex.org/W2042017406, https://openalex.org/W2035491966, https://openalex.org/W2137315910, https://openalex.org/W2060561072, https://openalex.org/W2006913899, https://openalex.org/W3151266883, https://openalex.org/W4405184172, https://openalex.org/W2088580494, https://openalex.org/W4406822020, https://openalex.org/W3016498785, https://openalex.org/W4315866345, https://openalex.org/W2973047657, https://openalex.org/W3003162034, https://openalex.org/W4399141561 |
| referenced_works_count | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.+ | 101, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 15, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.7 | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 21, 44, 61, 125, 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.AC | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gd | 12, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PL | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TM | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 87, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 112, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 164, 190, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 127, 146, 156, 198, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 14, 25, 63, 91, 104, 117, 141, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 181, 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Mn) | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NCs | 51, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.XPS | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ZnO | 236, 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 49, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 17, 20, 33, 67, 106, 143, 173, 186, 203, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at% | 16, 19, 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 48, 110, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gap | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nm. | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 99, 115, 128, 132, 139, 147, 176, 200, 234, 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PL) | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Gd3+ | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NCs, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.band | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.host | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ions | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.size | 66, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 28, 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 11, 52, 71, 86, 171, 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(DMS) | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EPR) | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(NCs) | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TEM) | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(XPS) | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(XRD) | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.X-ray | 39, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.based | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doped | 133, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fixed | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loss, | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.plots | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trend | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(RTFM) | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Co/Mn, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.charge | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dopant | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doping | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.higher | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxygen | 118, 144, 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peaks. | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shaped | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.showed | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strain | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TM=Co, | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(W–H) | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.32–40 | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Herein, | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.created | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defects | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diluted | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hopping | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lattice | 69, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels. | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sol-gel | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectra | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trapped | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Magnetic | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 42, 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constant | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defects. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electron | 76, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impurity | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increase | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnetic | 2, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mediated | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results, | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.revealed | 60, 138, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples. | 134, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied. | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verified | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wurtzite | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Co2+/Mn2+ | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Combining | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carriers. | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.co-doping | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirmed | 43, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frequency | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hexagonal | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increased | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicated | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidation | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarons. | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resonance | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structure | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vacancies | 145, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(UV–Vis) | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Dielectric | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.absorption | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attributed | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreasing | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detectable | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dielectric | 201, 204, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electrons, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.increasing | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.microscopy | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.properties | 36, 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggesting | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.technique, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crystallite | 65, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diffraction | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.irregularly | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthesized | 29, 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Transmission | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conductivity | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanocrystals | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paramagnetic | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy | 96, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentration | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ferromagnetic | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.morphological | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanocrystals. | 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photoelectron | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polarization. | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.semiconductor | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy. | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ferromagnetism | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multifunctional | 35, 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterization | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.room-temperature | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Photoluminescence | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Williamson–Hall | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.GdxTM0.07Zn0.93−xO | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ultraviolet–visible | 120 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 11 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.73615687 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |