Pain and the biochemistry of fibromyalgia: patterns of peripheral cytokines and chemokines contribute to the differentiation between fibromyalgia and controls and are associated with pain, fat infiltration and content Article Swipe
Björn Gerdle
,
Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard
,
Eva Lund
,
Peter Lundberg
,
Mikael Forsgren
,
Bijar Ghafouri
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024
Objectives This explorative study analyses interrelationships between peripheral compounds in saliva, plasma, and muscles together with body composition variables in healthy subjects and in fibromyalgia patients (FM). There is a need to better understand the extent cytokines and chemokines are associated with body composition and which cytokines and chemokines differentiate FM from healthy controls. Methods Here, 32 female FM patients and 30 age-matched female healthy controls underwent a clinical examination that included blood sample, saliva samples, and pain threshold tests. In addition, the subjects completed a health questionnaire. From these blood and saliva samples, a panel of 68 mainly cytokines and chemokines were determined. Microdialysis of trapezius and erector spinae muscles, phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of erector spinae muscle, and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for determination of body composition (BC)—i.e., muscle volume, fat content and infiltration—were also performed. Results After standardizing BC measurements to remove the confounding effect of Body Mass Index, fat infiltration and content are generally increased, and fat-free muscle volume is decreased in FM. Mainly saliva proteins differentiated FM from controls. When including all investigated compounds and BC variables, fat infiltration and content variables were most important, followed by muscle compounds and cytokines and chemokines from saliva and plasma. Various plasma proteins correlated positively with pain intensity in FM and negatively with pain thresholds in all subjects taken together. A mix of increased plasma cytokines and chemokines correlated with an index covering fat infiltration and content in different tissues. When muscle compounds were included in the analysis, several of these were identified as the most important regressors, although many plasma and saliva proteins remained significant. Discussion Peripheral factors were important for group differentiation between FM and controls. In saliva (but not plasma), cytokines and chemokines were significantly associated with group membership as saliva compounds were increased in FM. The importance of peripheral factors for group differentiation increased when muscle compounds and body composition variables were also included. Plasma proteins were important for pain intensity and sensitivity. Cytokines and chemokines mainly from plasma were also significantly and positively associated with a fat infiltration and content index. Conclusion Our findings of associations between cytokines and chemokines and fat infiltration and content in different tissues confirm that inflammation and immune factors are secreted from adipose tissue. FM is clearly characterized by complex interactions between peripheral tissues and the peripheral and central nervous systems, including nociceptive, immune, and neuroendocrine processes.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024
- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024/pdf?isPublishedV2=False
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 160
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4390982916
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4390982916Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Pain and the biochemistry of fibromyalgia: patterns of peripheral cytokines and chemokines contribute to the differentiation between fibromyalgia and controls and are associated with pain, fat infiltration and contentWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-01-18Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Björn Gerdle, Olof Dahlqvist Leinhard, Eva Lund, Peter Lundberg, Mikael Forsgren, Bijar GhafouriList of authors in order
- Landing page
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024Publisher landing page
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024/pdf?isPublishedV2=FalseDirect link to full text PDF
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpain.2024.1288024/pdf?isPublishedV2=FalseDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Fibromyalgia, Chemokine, Medicine, Saliva, Infiltration (HVAC), Internal medicine, Endocrinology, Pathology, Inflammation, Thermodynamics, PhysicsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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8Total citation count in OpenAlex
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2025: 5, 2024: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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160Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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