Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green? Article Swipe
Stefan Mayr
,
Birgit Hollaus
,
Verena Madner
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386
New European Union (EU) rules on biofuels have led to mounting tensions between the EU and some of its trading partners. A particularly contentious measure is the ‘freeze and phase‐out’ of certain biofuels in the transport sector with a high indirect land‐use change risk, as introduced by the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive. In light of Indonesia’s recent move to initiate proceedings against the EU at the World Trade Organization (WTO), this article systematically explores relevant key concepts of WTO law and analyses the compatibility of the EU measures with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Agreement). While the EU measures are carefully crafted to avoid potential WTO pitfalls—such as applicability of the TBT Agreement—the article identifies several critical aspects that raise doubts about the measure’s compatibility with WTO law. In particular, the seemingly deliberate targeting of palm oil casts doubt on the justification of the measure on environmental grounds.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386
- https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 28
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3111963568
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3111963568Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green?Work title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-12-07Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Stefan Mayr, Birgit Hollaus, Verena MadnerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Directive, European union, Palm oil, International trade, Biofuel, Economics, World trade, International economics, Sustainability, Member states, Business, Environmental science, Engineering, Waste management, Programming language, Ecology, Computer science, Biology, AgroforestryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
28Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 6, 2024: 5, 2023: 8, 2022: 7, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3111963568 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| ids.mag | 3111963568 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3111963568 |
| fwci | 7.26901673 |
| type | article |
| title | Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green? |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G6126135313 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320323299 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 223274 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Norges Forskningsråd |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 30 |
| biblio.last_page | 248 |
| biblio.first_page | 233 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10128 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| topics[0].score | 0.9729999899864197 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2000 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | General Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| topics[0].display_name | Global trade and economics |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T12156 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/33 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].score | 0.9721999764442444 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3320 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Political Science and International Relations |
| topics[1].display_name | World Trade Organization Law |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11552 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/14 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Business, Management and Accounting |
| topics[2].score | 0.9212999939918518 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1408 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Strategy and Management |
| topics[2].display_name | Global trade, sustainability, and social impact |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320323299 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00epmv149 |
| funders[0].display_name | Norges Forskningsråd |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 3400 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 3400 |
| apc_paid.value | 3400 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 3400 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779547435 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.6334437131881714 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1121492 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Directive |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2910001868 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6222676634788513 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458 |
| concepts[1].display_name | European union |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2988237154 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6128365397453308 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Palm oil |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C155202549 |
| concepts[3].level | 1 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5886046290397644 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803 |
| concepts[3].display_name | International trade |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C53991642 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5134769082069397 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Biofuel |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5101552605628967 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2993305921 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4977986812591553 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315 |
| concepts[6].display_name | World trade |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C18547055 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.48226672410964966 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417 |
| concepts[7].display_name | International economics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C66204764 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4655730426311493 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Sustainability |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C3019422483 |
| concepts[9].level | 3 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4420173466205597 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1646605 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Member states |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.32325679063796997 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Business |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C39432304 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.10547268390655518 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Environmental science |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.09890300035476685 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C548081761 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Waste management |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C18903297 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Ecology |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[16].level | 0 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C54286561 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Agroforestry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/directive |
| keywords[0].score | 0.6334437131881714 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Directive |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/european-union |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6222676634788513 |
| keywords[1].display_name | European union |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/palm-oil |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6128365397453308 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Palm oil |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5886046290397644 |
| keywords[3].display_name | International trade |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuel |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5134769082069397 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Biofuel |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5101552605628967 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/world-trade |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4977986812591553 |
| keywords[6].display_name | World trade |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/international-economics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.48226672410964966 |
| keywords[7].display_name | International economics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4655730426311493 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Sustainability |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/member-states |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4420173466205597 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Member states |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[10].score | 0.32325679063796997 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Business |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science |
| keywords[11].score | 0.10547268390655518 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Environmental science |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[12].score | 0.09890300035476685 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Engineering |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1111/reel.12386 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764823390 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2050-0386, 2050-0394 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2050-0386 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:epub.wu-wien.ac.at:7917 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400052 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | ePubWU Institutional Repository (Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[1].pdf_url | https://epub.wu.ac.at/7917/1/reel.12386.pdf |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | Article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | http://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5056447698 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4802-5560 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Stefan Mayr |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Stefan Mayr |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006707264 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-6910 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Birgit Hollaus |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Birgit Hollaus |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080790424 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8998-248X |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Verena Madner |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Verena Madner |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Palm oil, the RED II and WTO law: EU sustainable biofuel policy tangled up in green? |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10128 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9729999899864197 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2000 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | General Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| primary_topic.display_name | Global trade and economics |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3033520411, https://openalex.org/W2322198081, https://openalex.org/W4213457160, https://openalex.org/W4388123411, https://openalex.org/W4308931522, https://openalex.org/W3199954959, https://openalex.org/W4388434272, https://openalex.org/W1525277693, https://openalex.org/W3045614997, https://openalex.org/W2426516946 |
| cited_by_count | 28 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1111/reel.12386 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764823390 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2050-0386, 2050-0394 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2050-0386 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1111/reel.12386 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764823390 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2050-0386, 2050-0394 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2050-0386 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Wiley |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320595 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Wiley |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12386 |
| publication_date | 2020-12-07 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works_count | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.EU | 15, 66, 89, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 55, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 45, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 18, 31, 50, 57, 80, 87, 124, 149, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 6, 95, 103, 154, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 10, 61, 106, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.New | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.TBT | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.WTO | 81, 120, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 16, 29, 83, 97, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.law | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.led | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oil | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 14, 27, 35, 48, 51, 65, 68, 85, 88, 92, 101, 111, 125, 137, 145, 155, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(EU) | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(TBT | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.law. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.move | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.palm | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 38, 91, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Trade | 70, 98, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Union | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.While | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.World | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.about | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avoid | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.casts | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doubt | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.light | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raise | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risk, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rules | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(GATT) | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(WTO), | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Energy | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.change | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.doubts | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recast | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recent | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sector | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.General | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Tariffs | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.against | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.article | 74, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aspects | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.certain | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crafted | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure | 25, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.several | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trading | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Barriers | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.European | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biofuels | 7, 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concepts | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critical | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.explores | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.grounds. | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indirect | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initiate | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures | 90, 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mounting | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tensions | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Agreement | 94, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Renewable | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Technical | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carefully | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.partners. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seemingly | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeting | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transport | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘freeze | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Directive. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deliberate | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identifies | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduced | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.land‐use | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Agreement). | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contentious | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measure’s | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proceedings | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Organization | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Indonesia’s | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applicability | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compatibility | 86, 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.justification | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase‐out’ | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematically | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Agreement—the | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pitfalls—such | 121 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 93 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.97247525 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |