Performance-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Four-Limb CFST Lattice Columns Article Swipe
Junjie He
,
Zhi Huang
,
Juan Chen
,
Wangbao Zhou
,
Tao Huang
,
Xin Kang
,
Y. Frank Chen
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433
In this paper, the low-cycle reciprocating load test was carried out on four-limb concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) lattice columns with different slenderness ratios and axial compression ratios, and the seismic performance was studied. Two performance indicators, namely damage and hysteretic energy dissipation, were defined as the objective functions, and the axial compression ratio was used as an optimization variable to perform the multi-objective optimization analysis of four-limb CFST lattice columns. Optimization using the max–min problem approach aims to optimize the axial compression ratio to minimize damage and maximize the dissipation of hysteresis energy. The seismic performances before and after optimization were determined using a restoring force model and were evaluated by the finite element method under different axial compression ratios. The results show that, under low-cycle reciprocating loads, the load–displacement hysteresis curve is a bow shape (Members 1 and 2), inverse S-shape (Member 3), and approximate shuttle shape (Member 4). Through multi-objective optimization, the optimized axial compression ratio is 0.25 and the finite element analysis indicates that the optimal seismic performance is at an axial compression ratio of 0.25. Through the optimized design, the maximum horizontal load of lattice columns, the elastic stiffness, the dissipation capacity, and the seismic performance are all improved, under the premise of satisfying the structural safety.
Related Topics
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 31
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4406957299
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4406957299Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Performance-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Four-Limb CFST Lattice ColumnsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-01-29Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Junjie He, Zhi Huang, Juan Chen, Wangbao Zhou, Tao Huang, Xin Kang, Y. Frank ChenList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Structural engineering, Lattice (music), Computer science, Engineering, Physics, AcousticsTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
31Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4406957299 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4406957299 |
| fwci | 2.39630643 |
| type | article |
| title | Performance-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Four-Limb CFST Lattice Columns |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G1040108607 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320322866 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 2023JJ30242 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G8263641464 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 52204210 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 15 |
| biblio.last_page | 433 |
| biblio.first_page | 433 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10713 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.998199999332428 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Structural Load-Bearing Analysis |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10479 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9868999719619751 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2215 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Building and Construction |
| topics[1].display_name | Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11870 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9745000004768372 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Structural Analysis and Optimization |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320321001 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Natural Science Foundation of China |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320322866 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01h0zpd94 |
| funders[1].display_name | Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C66938386 |
| concepts[0].level | 1 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5264354944229126 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Structural engineering |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2781204021 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5131917595863342 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Lattice (music) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.34297996759414673 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.3268580734729767 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.17891579866409302 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C24890656 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.11815500259399414 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Acoustics |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5264354944229126 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Structural engineering |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5131917595863342 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Lattice (music) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.34297996759414673 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[3].score | 0.3268580734729767 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[4].score | 0.17891579866409302 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.11815500259399414 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Acoustics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Buildings |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Buildings |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fa0fc19d776543d38559c80f0b33c6c3 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Buildings, Vol 15, Iss 3, p 433 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/fa0fc19d776543d38559c80f0b33c6c3 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101621283 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8866-4511 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Junjie He |
| authorships[0].countries | CN |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02m9vrb24 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Hunan University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Junjie He |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103002357 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3310-3617 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Zhi Huang |
| authorships[1].countries | CN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Building Industrialization Technology and Safety Control, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02m9vrb24 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Hunan University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Zhi Huang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Building Industrialization Technology and Safety Control, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China, School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5100359189 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6920-7972 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Juan Chen |
| authorships[2].countries | CN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02m9vrb24 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I121296143 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Hunan University of Science and Technology |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Juan Chen |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5113929307 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Wangbao Zhou |
| authorships[3].countries | CN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I139660479 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I139660479 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00f1zfq44 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I139660479 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Central South University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Wangbao Zhou |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5077184474 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-2274 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Tao Huang |
| authorships[4].countries | CN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210098034 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Guangdong Province Expressway Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210098034 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00swtqp09 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210098034 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Tao Huang |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Guangdong Province Expressway Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058273447 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-9100 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Xin Kang |
| authorships[5].countries | CN |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210104793 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Hunan Second Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410015, China |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210104793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01eda7a75 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210104793 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CN |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Second People Hospital of Hunan |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Xin Kang |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Hunan Second Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410015, China |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5038207452 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5328-9109 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Y. Frank Chen |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I130769515 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Civil Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I130769515 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04p491231 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I130769515 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Pennsylvania State University |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Yohchia Frank Chen |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Civil Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Middletown, PA 17057, USA |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Performance-Based Multi-Objective Optimization of Four-Limb CFST Lattice Columns |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10713 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.998199999332428 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2205 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Civil and Structural Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Structural Load-Bearing Analysis |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2390279801, https://openalex.org/W4391913857, https://openalex.org/W2358668433, https://openalex.org/W4396701345, https://openalex.org/W2376932109, https://openalex.org/W2351837897, https://openalex.org/W2384416889 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Buildings |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Buildings |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210191137 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2075-5309 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2075-5309 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Buildings |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Buildings |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030433 |
| publication_date | 2025-01-29 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4402390216, https://openalex.org/W6758805888, https://openalex.org/W4402371196, https://openalex.org/W4401944540, https://openalex.org/W4318824726, https://openalex.org/W4385284517, https://openalex.org/W4403153951, https://openalex.org/W4298132631, https://openalex.org/W4293412489, https://openalex.org/W4366818798, https://openalex.org/W4392863791, https://openalex.org/W4402088739, https://openalex.org/W4402697615, https://openalex.org/W4328050772, https://openalex.org/W4379046735, https://openalex.org/W4404840727, https://openalex.org/W4404060306, https://openalex.org/W4404200676, https://openalex.org/W4403032260, https://openalex.org/W4401179566, https://openalex.org/W4405310798, https://openalex.org/W4404060954, https://openalex.org/W4283329726, https://openalex.org/W4280542757, https://openalex.org/W4406062718, https://openalex.org/W4376119872, https://openalex.org/W4225129639, https://openalex.org/W4379790553, https://openalex.org/W4387190369, https://openalex.org/W4402497131, https://openalex.org/W2913743648 |
| referenced_works_count | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1 | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 103, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 56, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 44, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 132, 158, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 65, 90, 177, 187, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 59, 77, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2), | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3), | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4). | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 93, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Two | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 23, 27, 38, 48, 86, 97, 107, 138, 144, 160, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.bow | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.out | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 3, 28, 45, 49, 61, 72, 79, 88, 111, 128, 153, 161, 167, 180, 183, 190, 193, 197, 204, 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 8, 31, 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.25 | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CFST | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aims | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 6, 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.test | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 42, 100, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.0.25. | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.axial | 24, 50, 80, 117, 155, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.curve | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.force | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio | 52, 82, 157, 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shape | 135, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steel | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that, | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.under | 115, 124, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 71, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CFST) | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.before | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 37, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finite | 112, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.loads, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.namely | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Member | 142, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.S-shape | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Through | 150, 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carried | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.columns | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defined | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.design, | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.elastic | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.element | 113, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inverse | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lattice | 17, 68, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximum | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimal | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perform | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.premise | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios, | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratios. | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety. | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.seismic | 29, 94, 169, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shuttle | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tubular | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(Members | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 64, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.columns, | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.columns. | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maximize | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimize | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimize | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studied. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capacity, | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 20, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four-limb | 12, 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved, | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicates | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low-cycle | 4, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.max–min | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.objective | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized | 154, 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.restoring | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.determined | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functions, | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.horizontal | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hysteresis | 91, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hysteretic | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.satisfying | 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stiffness, | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.structural | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximate | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compression | 25, 51, 81, 118, 156, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissipation | 89, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicators, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 30, 34, 170, 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.slenderness | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Optimization | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissipation, | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 57, 63, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performances | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization, | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reciprocating | 5, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concrete-filled | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-objective | 62, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load–displacement | 129 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.75181685 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |