Performance Evaluation of Mobile RPL-Based IoT Networks under Hello Flood Attack Article Swipe
Amal Hkiri
,
Sami Alqurashi
,
Omar Ben Bahri
,
Mouna Karmani
,
Hamzah Faraj
,
Mohsen Machhout
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112226
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112226
The RPL protocol is essential for efficient communication within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, yet it remains vulnerable to various attacks, particularly in dense and mobile environments where it shows certain limitations and susceptibilities. This paper presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of the RPL protocol’s vulnerability to the Hello Flood attack in mobile environments. Using four different group mobility models—the Column Mobility Model (CMM), Reference Point Group Mobility Model (RPGM), Nomadic Community Mobility Model (NCM), and Pursue Mobility Model (PMM)—within the Cooja simulator, this study uniquely investigates the Hello Flood attack in mobile settings, an area previously overlooked. Our systematic evaluation focuses on critical performance metrics, including the Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), End-to-End Delay (E2ED), throughput, Expected Transmission Count (ETX), and Average Power Consumption (APC). The findings reveal several key insights: PDR decreases significantly, indicating increased packet loss or delivery failures; ETX values rise, necessitating more packet retransmissions and routing hops; E2ED increases, introducing delays in routing decisions and data transmission times; throughput declines as the attack disrupts data flow; and APC escalates due to higher energy usage on packet transmissions, especially over extended paths. These results underscore the urgent need for robust security measures to protect RPL-based IoT networks in mobile environments. Furthermore, our work emphasizes the exacerbated impact of the attack in mobile scenarios, highlighting the evolving security requirements of IoT networks.
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Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112226
- https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2226/pdf?version=1717682408
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 18
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4399393011
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4399393011Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112226Digital Object Identifier
- Title
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Performance Evaluation of Mobile RPL-Based IoT Networks under Hello Flood AttackWork title
- Type
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articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
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enPrimary language
- Publication year
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2024Year of publication
- Publication date
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2024-06-06Full publication date if available
- Authors
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Amal Hkiri, Sami Alqurashi, Omar Ben Bahri, Mouna Karmani, Hamzah Faraj, Mohsen MachhoutList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13112226Publisher landing page
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-
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2226/pdf?version=1717682408Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
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goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
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https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/11/2226/pdf?version=1717682408Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
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Internet of Things, Flood myth, Computer science, Computer security, Computer network, Geography, ArchaeologyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
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8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
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2025: 7, 2024: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
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18Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| abstract_inverted_index.settings, | 94 |
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| abstract_inverted_index.environments. | 54, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.necessitating | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vulnerability | 46 |
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| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I166928557 |
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