Performance of qualitative and quantitative antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in early symptomatic patients using saliva Article Swipe
Isao Yokota
,
Takayo Sakurazawa
,
Junichi Sugita
,
Sumio Iwasaki
,
Keiko Yasuda
,
Naoki Yamashita
,
Shinichi Fujisawa
,
Mutsumi Nishida
,
Satoshi Konno
,
Takanori Teshima
·
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363
YOU?
·
· 2020
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363
Background The rapid detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an urgent need for the prevention and containment of disease outbreaks in communities. Although the gold standard is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antigen tests such as immunochromatographic assay (ICA) and chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) that can yield results within 30 minutes. Methods We evaluated performance of ICA and CLEIA using 34 frozen PCR-positive specimens (17 saliva and 17 nasopharyngeal swab) and 307 PCR-negative samples. Results ICA detected SARS-CoV-2 in only 14 (41%) samples, with positivity of 24% in saliva and 59% in NPS. Notably, ICA detected SARS-CoV-2 in 5 (83%) of 6 samples collected within 4 days after symptom onset. CLEIA detected SARS-CoV-2 in 31 (91%) samples, with positivity of 82% in saliva and 100% in NPS. CLEIA was negative in 3 samples with low viral load by PCR. Conclusions These results suggest that use of ICA should be limited to earlier time after symptom onset and CLEIA is more sensitive and can be used in situations where quick results are required.
Related Topics
Concepts
Saliva
Immunoassay
Medicine
Gold standard (test)
Chemiluminescence
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Polymerase chain reaction
Outbreak
Virology
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Antigen
Immunology
Internal medicine
Chemistry
Disease
Chromatography
Antibody
Biochemistry
Gene
Infectious disease (medical specialty)
Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363
- https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 27
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3103225479
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3103225479Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Performance of qualitative and quantitative antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in early symptomatic patients using salivaWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2020Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2020-11-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Isao Yokota, Takayo Sakurazawa, Junichi Sugita, Sumio Iwasaki, Keiko Yasuda, Naoki Yamashita, Shinichi Fujisawa, Mutsumi Nishida, Satoshi Konno, Takanori TeshimaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Saliva, Immunoassay, Medicine, Gold standard (test), Chemiluminescence, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Polymerase chain reaction, Outbreak, Virology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Antigen, Immunology, Internal medicine, Chemistry, Disease, Chromatography, Antibody, Biochemistry, Gene, Infectious disease (medical specialty)Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2023: 1, 2022: 3, 2021: 4Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
27Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3103225479 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| ids.mag | 3103225479 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3103225479 |
| fwci | 0.2294951 |
| type | preprint |
| title | Performance of qualitative and quantitative antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in early symptomatic patients using saliva |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11754 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[0].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10118 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9962999820709229 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| topics[1].display_name | SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11393 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9950000047683716 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Biosensors and Analytical Detection |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C504460877 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8712939023971558 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Saliva |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2780420688 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6466851234436035 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759183 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Immunoassay |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5840538740158081 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C40993552 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5402690172195435 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Gold standard (test) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C145802702 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5033926367759705 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2931725 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Chemiluminescence |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C3007834351 |
| concepts[5].level | 5 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4954417943954468 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C49105822 |
| concepts[6].level | 3 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.46603554487228394 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Polymerase chain reaction |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C116675565 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4575080871582031 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Outbreak |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C159047783 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.45290642976760864 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Virology |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C3008058167 |
| concepts[9].level | 4 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.435005247592926 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C147483822 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.42935436964035034 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Antigen |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C203014093 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.37637463212013245 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Immunology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.28013303875923157 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[13].level | 0 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.21656909584999084 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[14].level | 2 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.1798495054244995 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C43617362 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.17856919765472412 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Chromatography |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C159654299 |
| concepts[16].level | 2 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.11005538702011108 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Antibody |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.07272154092788696 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C104317684 |
| concepts[18].level | 2 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0718340277671814 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Gene |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C524204448 |
| concepts[19].level | 3 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.057501256465911865 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/saliva |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8712939023971558 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Saliva |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoassay |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6466851234436035 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Immunoassay |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5840538740158081 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gold-standard |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5402690172195435 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Gold standard (test) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemiluminescence |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5033926367759705 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Chemiluminescence |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4954417943954468 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/polymerase-chain-reaction |
| keywords[6].score | 0.46603554487228394 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Polymerase chain reaction |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/outbreak |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4575080871582031 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Outbreak |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/virology |
| keywords[8].score | 0.45290642976760864 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Virology |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019 |
| keywords[9].score | 0.435005247592926 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen |
| keywords[10].score | 0.42935436964035034 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Antigen |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.37637463212013245 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Immunology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[12].score | 0.28013303875923157 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[13].score | 0.21656909584999084 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[14].score | 0.1798495054244995 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography |
| keywords[15].score | 0.17856919765472412 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Chromatography |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody |
| keywords[16].score | 0.11005538702011108 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Antibody |
| keywords[17].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[17].score | 0.07272154092788696 |
| keywords[17].display_name | Biochemistry |
| keywords[18].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gene |
| keywords[18].score | 0.0718340277671814 |
| keywords[18].display_name | Gene |
| keywords[19].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infectious-disease |
| keywords[19].score | 0.057501256465911865 |
| keywords[19].display_name | Infectious disease (medical specialty) |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | posted-content |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032420302 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-2225 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Isao Yokota |
| authorships[0].countries | JP |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02e16g702 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Isao Yokota |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biostatistics, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065914934 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-7755 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Takayo Sakurazawa |
| authorships[1].countries | JP |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Takayo Sakurazawa |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5032144325 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8192-2810 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Junichi Sugita |
| authorships[2].countries | JP |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Junichi Sugita |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5102862288 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7111-5276 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sumio Iwasaki |
| authorships[3].countries | JP |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sumio Iwasaki |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5110318885 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Keiko Yasuda |
| authorships[4].countries | JP |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Keiko Yasuda |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5103601244 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-3206 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Naoki Yamashita |
| authorships[5].countries | JP |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Naoki Yamashita |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091186581 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-9522 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Shinichi Fujisawa |
| authorships[6].countries | JP |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Shinichi Fujisawa |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015810608 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-7311 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Mutsumi Nishida |
| authorships[7].countries | JP |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Mutsumi Nishida |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101573280 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-1819 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Satoshi Konno |
| authorships[8].countries | JP |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02e16g702 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Satoshi Konno |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5041455800 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0941-271X |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Takanori Teshima |
| authorships[9].countries | JP |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02e16g702 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I205349734 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | JP |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Hokkaido University |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/0419drx70 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | healthcare |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | JP |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | Hokkaido University Hospital |
| authorships[9].author_position | last |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Takanori Teshima |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Performance of qualitative and quantitative antigen tests for SARS-CoV-2 in early symptomatic patients using saliva |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11754 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2725 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Infectious Diseases |
| primary_topic.display_name | SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2393797183, https://openalex.org/W2019871631, https://openalex.org/W2042078005, https://openalex.org/W2531247521, https://openalex.org/W1987661814, https://openalex.org/W2317866773, https://openalex.org/W2370535560, https://openalex.org/W152578680, https://openalex.org/W2387950367, https://openalex.org/W2000041396 |
| cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402567 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I2750212522 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2020/11/10/2020.11.06.20227363.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | acceptedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | posted-content |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.06.20227363 |
| publication_date | 2020-11-10 |
| publication_year | 2020 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3021274772, https://openalex.org/W3010604545, https://openalex.org/W3087032317, https://openalex.org/W3080652759, https://openalex.org/W3080859961, https://openalex.org/W3049370894, https://openalex.org/W2105275554, https://openalex.org/W2038103407, https://openalex.org/W3033656034, https://openalex.org/W3048917590, https://openalex.org/W3097196035, https://openalex.org/W3033546757, https://openalex.org/W3035823265, https://openalex.org/W2081548239, https://openalex.org/W1553233072, https://openalex.org/W1998407364, https://openalex.org/W2807846569, https://openalex.org/W3013893137, https://openalex.org/W3017617595, https://openalex.org/W3014222358, https://openalex.org/W3047013814, https://openalex.org/W3017669300, https://openalex.org/W3046093459, https://openalex.org/W3080514314, https://openalex.org/W3027829318, https://openalex.org/W3041821205, https://openalex.org/W3088058747 |
| referenced_works_count | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2 | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.3 | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.4 | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.5 | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6 | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.14 | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.17 | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.30 | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.31 | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.34 | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 152, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 25, 82, 91, 95, 101, 117, 125, 129, 134, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 13, 31, 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 5, 22, 59, 89, 104, 123, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(17 | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.24% | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.307 | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.59% | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.82% | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ICA | 60, 79, 98, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 20, 43, 61, 70, 74, 93, 127, 160, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 49, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 18, 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.100% | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.NPS. | 96, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PCR. | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.days | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gold | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.load | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 48, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 87, 121, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(41%) | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(83%) | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(91%) | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ICA) | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CLEIA | 62, 114, 131, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.acute | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.after | 111, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assay | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chain | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quick | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rapid | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swab) | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tests | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.viral | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.where | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yield | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PCR), | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enzyme | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.frozen | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.onset. | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.saliva | 69, 92, 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.severe | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.urgent | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 52, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(CLEIA) | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Results | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antigen | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disease | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.earlier | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 51, 145, 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples | 106, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symptom | 112, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Although | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Notably, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detected | 80, 99, 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minutes. | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negative | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reaction | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples, | 86, 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.samples. | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.syndrome | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.collected | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detection | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outbreaks | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required. | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitive | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.specimens | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Background | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SARS-CoV-2 | 81, 100, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polymerase | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positivity | 88, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prevention | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.situations | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Conclusions | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.containment | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coronavirus | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunoassay | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SARS-CoV-2) | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PCR-negative | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PCR-positive | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communities. | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nasopharyngeal | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemiluminescent | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunochromatographic | 40 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5041455800 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 10 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I205349734, https://openalex.org/I4210141669 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.800000011920929 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Good health and well-being |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.65368754 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |