Perturbation-Based Nulling Control Beamforming With Measured Element Radiation Patterns for MU-mMIMO Article Swipe
Yuanzhe Gong
,
Arish Yaseen
,
Tingrui Zhang
,
Robert Morawski
,
Tho Le‐Ngoc
·
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951
YOU?
·
· 2024
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951
A perturbation-based nulling control beamforming (PNCB) scheme is proposed to effectively mitigate multi-user interference (MUI) in multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MU-mMIMO) systems. This is achieved through the precise alignment of deep and wide radiation nulls in the potential interference directions, considering the realistic heterogeneous element radiation patterns (ERPs). Utilizing measured ERPs from an 8 × 8 antenna array prototype, this study conducts a thorough analysis of ERP variations across different positions in the array. The ERP symmetry knowledge is leveraged to enhance the optimization efficiency by reapplying optimized beamforming vectors to symmetric sub-arrays. The proposed PNCB scheme initiates optimization with weights derived from the linearly constrained minimum variance approach, followed by strategic weight perturbations implemented with particle swarm optimization. This process fine-tunes the sub-optimal beamforming vectors to address discrepancies caused by non-uniform ERPs. Illustrative results demonstrate interference suppression levels exceeding 52.4 dB in multi-user scenarios, without significantly affecting the main-lobe radiation patterns. The nulling width control algorithm achieves an average nulling level ranging from −45.3 dB to −57.7 dB across a 6-degree angle span. Further studies delve into the impact of attenuator and phase-shifter quantization on the nulling level, offering insights into performance variations with different hardware configurations. Experimental validation in an anechoic chamber, involving two users with distinct 20 MHz modulation signals, confirms the effectiveness of the proposed PNCB approach, ensuring reliable and efficient communication in MU-mMIMO systems. The results demonstrate an average enhancement of 22.0 dB in the signal-to-interference ratio, effectively reducing the MUI to near the noise floor. The efficacy of the proposed PNCB scheme is further evidenced by the high-quality received constellation diagrams, with enhanced error vector magnitude performance.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 1
- References
- 41
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4402186928
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4402186928Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Perturbation-Based Nulling Control Beamforming With Measured Element Radiation Patterns for MU-mMIMOWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2024Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2024-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Yuanzhe Gong, Arish Yaseen, Tingrui Zhang, Robert Morawski, Tho Le‐NgocList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Beamforming, Perturbation (astronomy), Physics, Radiation, Computer science, Engineering, Optics, Electronic engineering, AstronomyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
1Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
41Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4402186928 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4402186928 |
| fwci | 1.31910614 |
| type | article |
| title | Perturbation-Based Nulling Control Beamforming With Measured Element Radiation Patterns for MU-mMIMO |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 5 |
| biblio.last_page | 1293 |
| biblio.first_page | 1273 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T11946 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Antenna Design and Optimization |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10069 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Antenna Design and Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10148 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320334593 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h531d29 |
| funders[0].display_name | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1750 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1750 |
| apc_paid.value | 1750 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1750 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C54197355 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5848300457000732 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Beamforming |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C177918212 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5395658612251282 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Perturbation (astronomy) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.4748941957950592 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C153385146 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4591144919395447 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Radiation |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.3605552315711975 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[5].level | 0 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.25780707597732544 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C120665830 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.22846031188964844 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Optics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C24326235 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.22178804874420166 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C1276947 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.057811200618743896 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Astronomy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5848300457000732 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Beamforming |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5395658612251282 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Perturbation (astronomy) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.4748941957950592 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4591144919395447 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Radiation |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.3605552315711975 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.25780707597732544 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/optics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.22846031188964844 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Optics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering |
| keywords[7].score | 0.22178804874420166 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Electronic engineering |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomy |
| keywords[8].score | 0.057811200618743896 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Astronomy |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201067 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2644-1330 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2644-1330 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:935842ffd79d44538b89487af749503c |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology, Vol 5, Pp 1273-1293 (2024) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/935842ffd79d44538b89487af749503c |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071183699 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-9462 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Yuanzhe Gong |
| authorships[0].countries | CA |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Yuanzhe Gong |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5111313669 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Arish Yaseen |
| authorships[1].countries | CA |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Arish Yaseen |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5083515778 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Tingrui Zhang |
| authorships[2].countries | CA |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Tingrui Zhang |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040153873 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6608 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Robert Morawski |
| authorships[3].countries | CA |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Robert Morawski |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5026464766 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-8894 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Tho Le‐Ngoc |
| authorships[4].countries | CA |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01pxwe438 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5023651 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | McGill University |
| authorships[4].author_position | last |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Tho Le-Ngoc |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Perturbation-Based Nulling Control Beamforming With Measured Element Radiation Patterns for MU-mMIMO |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T11946 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2202 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Aerospace Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Antenna Design and Optimization |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W2935759653, https://openalex.org/W3105167352, https://openalex.org/W54078636, https://openalex.org/W2954470139, https://openalex.org/W1501425562, https://openalex.org/W2902782467, https://openalex.org/W3084825885, https://openalex.org/W2298861036 |
| cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201067 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2644-1330 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2644-1330 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210201067 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2644-1330 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2644-1330 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/ojvt.2024.3453951 |
| publication_date | 2024-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2024 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2141682101, https://openalex.org/W2128513990, https://openalex.org/W2921776066, https://openalex.org/W4214900208, https://openalex.org/W2428170651, https://openalex.org/W2012895011, https://openalex.org/W2969258875, https://openalex.org/W3132479959, https://openalex.org/W6959277134, https://openalex.org/W2121148325, https://openalex.org/W2066218102, https://openalex.org/W2790478857, https://openalex.org/W2762541595, https://openalex.org/W2144244295, https://openalex.org/W2147965152, https://openalex.org/W3095859543, https://openalex.org/W2141573408, https://openalex.org/W2161194822, https://openalex.org/W1975052159, https://openalex.org/W2085680530, https://openalex.org/W1968859816, https://openalex.org/W2623390781, https://openalex.org/W4389545212, https://openalex.org/W2042850053, https://openalex.org/W2161984953, https://openalex.org/W2122806537, https://openalex.org/W2101750651, https://openalex.org/W3092600428, https://openalex.org/W3043253585, https://openalex.org/W2048076284, https://openalex.org/W2119320474, https://openalex.org/W4226457169, https://openalex.org/W2008243462, https://openalex.org/W2953790393, https://openalex.org/W1432778544, https://openalex.org/W2166181226, https://openalex.org/W4320029372, https://openalex.org/W4389164402, https://openalex.org/W2983660937, https://openalex.org/W1974478639, https://openalex.org/W1595139060 |
| referenced_works_count | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.8 | 53, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 62, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.20 | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 52, 158, 201, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 85, 110, 130, 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dB | 141, 165, 168, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 15, 35, 71, 142, 200, 226, 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 7, 23, 78, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 29, 65, 180, 216, 235, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 9, 80, 90, 126, 166, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ERP | 66, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MHz | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MUI | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 74, 93, 152, 229, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 31, 182, 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 26, 36, 41, 72, 82, 103, 122, 148, 178, 186, 214, 217, 239, 244, 248, 254, 262 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.22.0 | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.52.4 | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ERPs | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PNCB | 95, 219, 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 22, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deep | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 51, 102, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 177, 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.near | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wide | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 99, 115, 194, 207, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MUI) | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ERPs. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.angle | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.array | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delve | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 269 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noise | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nulls | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.span. | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.swarm | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.users | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.width | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PNCB) | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.across | 68, 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.array. | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.floor. | 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.level, | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ratio, | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 6, 96, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vector | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weight | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ERPs). | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.address | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.antenna | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.average | 159, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 3, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derived | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.element | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.further | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.massive | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimum | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nulling | 2, 153, 160, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precise | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ranging | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 134, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vectors | 89, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.weights | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.without | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.× | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.6-degree | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.MU-mMIMO | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieved | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieves | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anechoic | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chamber, | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conducts | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.confirms | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficacy | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhanced | 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ensuring | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.followed | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hardware | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.insights | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linearly | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particle | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 8, 94, 218, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.received | 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 243 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reliable | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signals, | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symmetry | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 21, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.thorough | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variance | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Utilizing | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affecting | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm | 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.alignment | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach, | 108, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diagrams, | 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 69, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evidenced | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exceeding | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initiates | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involving | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowledge | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leveraged | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnitude | 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.main-lobe | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimized | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patterns. | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positions | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.radiation | 33, 45, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.realistic | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategic | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symmetric | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(MU-mMIMO) | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.attenuator | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficiency | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fine-tunes | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modulation | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multi-user | 12, 16, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prototype, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reapplying | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scenarios, | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.validation | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variations | 67, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beamforming | 4, 88, 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considering | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constrained | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 135, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.directions, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 10, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancement | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implemented | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-uniform | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-arrays. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sub-optimal | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suppression | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−45.3 | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.−57.7 | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Experimental | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Illustrative | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-quality | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interference | 13, 38, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization | 83, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance. | 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantization | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.communication | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.constellation | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrepancies | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectiveness | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.heterogeneous | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optimization. | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perturbations | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase-shifter | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significantly | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-input | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.configurations. | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple-output | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.perturbation-based | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal-to-interference | 240 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 95 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 5 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7799999713897705 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Climate action |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.82275586 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |