The rapid development of metaheuristic algorithms proves their advantages in optimization. Data clustering, as an optimization problem, faces challenges for high accuracy. The K-means algorithm is traditaaional but has low clustering accuracy. In this paper, the phase-angle-encoded snake optimization algorithm (θ-SO), based on mapping strategy, is proposed for data clustering. The disadvantages of traditional snake optimization include slow convergence speed and poor optimization accuracy. The improved θ-SO uses p…