Phase-Controlled Synthesis and Phase-Change Properties of Colloidal Cu–Ge–Te Nanoparticles Article Swipe

PDF

Dhananjeya Kumaar , Matthias Can , Helena Weigand , Olesya Yarema , Simon Wintersteller , Rachel Grange , Vanessa Wood , Maksym Yarema ·

YOU? · · 2024 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009

Phase-change memory (PCM) technology has recently attracted a vivid interest for neuromorphic applications, in-memory computing, and photonic integration due to the tunable refractive index and electrical conductivity between the amorphous and crystalline material states. Despite this, it is increasingly challenging to scale down the device dimensions of conventionally sputtered PCM memory arrays, restricting the implementation of PCM technology in mass applications such as consumer electronics. Here, we report the synthesis and structural study of sub-10 nm Cu-Ge-Te (CGT) nanoparticles as suitable candidates for low-cost and ultrasmall PCM devices. We show that our synthesis approach can accurately control the structure of the CGT colloids, such as composition-tuned CGT amorphous nanoparticles as well as crystalline CGT nanoparticles with trigonal α-GeTe and tetragonal Cu₂GeTe₃ phases. In situ characterization techniques such as high-temperature X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal that Cu doping in GeTe improves the thermal properties and amorphous phase stability of the nanoparticles, in addition to nanoscale effects, which enhance the nonvolatility characteristics of CGT nanoparticles even further. Moreover, we demonstrate the thin-film fabrication of CGT nanoparticles and characterize their optical properties with spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements. We reveal that CGT nanoparticle thin films exhibit a negative reflectivity change and have good reflectivity contrast in the near-IR spectrum. Our work promotes the possibility to use PCM in nanoparticle form for applications such as electro-optical switching devices, metalenses, reflectivity displays, and phase-change IR devices.

Related Topics

Concepts

Materials science Nanoparticle Amorphous solid Thin film Tetragonal crystal system Nanotechnology Phase (matter) Ellipsometry Optoelectronics Crystallography Chemistry Organic chemistry

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
PDF: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
OA Status: hybrid
Cited By: 4
References: 67
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4399933297

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W4399933297

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009

Digital Object Identifier
Title: Phase-Controlled Synthesis and Phase-Change Properties of Colloidal Cu–Ge–Te Nanoparticles

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2024

Year of publication
Publication date: 2024-06-24

Full publication date if available
Authors: Dhananjeya Kumaar, Matthias Can, Helena Weigand, Olesya Yarema, Simon Wintersteller, Rachel Grange, Vanessa Wood, Maksym Yarema

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009

Publisher landing page
PDF URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009

Direct link to full text PDF
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: hybrid

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Materials science, Nanoparticle, Amorphous solid, Thin film, Tetragonal crystal system, Nanotechnology, Phase (matter), Ellipsometry, Optoelectronics, Crystallography, Chemistry, Organic chemistry

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 4

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 3, 2024: 1

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 67

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W4399933297
doi	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000681229
ids.pmid	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39005536
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W4399933297
fwci	0.6773767
type	article
title	Phase-Controlled Synthesis and Phase-Change Properties of Colloidal Cu–Ge–Te Nanoparticles
awards[0].id	https://openalex.org/G5768481725
awards[0].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320320924
awards[0].display_name
awards[0].funder_award_id	213713
awards[0].funder_display_name	Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
awards[1].id	https://openalex.org/G5032350455
awards[1].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320338335
awards[1].display_name	Second-Order Nano-Oxides for Enhanced Nonlinear Photonics
awards[1].funder_award_id	714837
awards[1].funder_display_name	H2020 European Research Council
awards[2].id	https://openalex.org/G3092679832
awards[2].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320338335
awards[2].display_name	Solution-Based Engineering of Nanodimensional Phase-Change Materials and Memory Devices
awards[2].funder_award_id	852751
awards[2].funder_display_name	H2020 European Research Council
awards[3].id	https://openalex.org/G8241790183
awards[3].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320320924
awards[3].display_name
awards[3].funder_award_id	179099
awards[3].funder_display_name	Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
biblio.issue	13
biblio.volume	36
biblio.last_page	6607
biblio.first_page	6598
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T11315
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
topics[0].field.display_name	Materials Science
topics[0].score	0.9998999834060669
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
topics[0].display_name	Phase-change materials and chalcogenides
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T11788
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9911999702453613
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2204
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Biomedical Engineering
topics[1].display_name	Nonlinear Optical Materials Studies
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10590
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9904999732971191
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320320924
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/00yjd3n13
funders[0].display_name	Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
funders[1].id	https://openalex.org/F4320321652
funders[1].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
funders[1].display_name	Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich
funders[2].id	https://openalex.org/F4320338335
funders[2].ror	https://ror.org/0472cxd90
funders[2].display_name	H2020 European Research Council
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C192562407
concepts[0].level	0
concepts[0].score	0.8112442493438721
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736
concepts[0].display_name	Materials science
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C155672457
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.7330789566040039
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231
concepts[1].display_name	Nanoparticle
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C56052488
concepts[2].level	2
concepts[2].score	0.7102979421615601
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382
concepts[2].display_name	Amorphous solid
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C19067145
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.5218726396560669
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203
concepts[3].display_name	Thin film
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C170751736
concepts[4].level	3
concepts[4].score	0.5140886902809143
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503601
concepts[4].display_name	Tetragonal crystal system
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C171250308
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.47739356756210327
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468
concepts[5].display_name	Nanotechnology
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C44280652
concepts[6].level	2
concepts[6].score	0.4417089819908142
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837
concepts[6].display_name	Phase (matter)
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C18293161
concepts[7].level	3
concepts[7].score	0.4277741611003876
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898774
concepts[7].display_name	Ellipsometry
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C49040817
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.37482625246047974
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091
concepts[8].display_name	Optoelectronics
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C8010536
concepts[9].level	1
concepts[9].score	0.10085776448249817
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398
concepts[9].display_name	Crystallography
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C185592680
concepts[10].level	0
concepts[10].score	0.07385453581809998
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329
concepts[10].display_name	Chemistry
concepts[11].id	https://openalex.org/C178790620
concepts[11].level	1
concepts[11].score	0.0
concepts[11].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351
concepts[11].display_name	Organic chemistry
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science
keywords[0].score	0.8112442493438721
keywords[0].display_name	Materials science
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle
keywords[1].score	0.7330789566040039
keywords[1].display_name	Nanoparticle
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-solid
keywords[2].score	0.7102979421615601
keywords[2].display_name	Amorphous solid
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film
keywords[3].score	0.5218726396560669
keywords[3].display_name	Thin film
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/tetragonal-crystal-system
keywords[4].score	0.5140886902809143
keywords[4].display_name	Tetragonal crystal system
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology
keywords[5].score	0.47739356756210327
keywords[5].display_name	Nanotechnology
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/phase
keywords[6].score	0.4417089819908142
keywords[6].display_name	Phase (matter)
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipsometry
keywords[7].score	0.4277741611003876
keywords[7].display_name	Ellipsometry
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics
keywords[8].score	0.37482625246047974
keywords[8].display_name	Optoelectronics
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography
keywords[9].score	0.10085776448249817
keywords[9].display_name	Crystallography
keywords[10].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry
keywords[10].score	0.07385453581809998
keywords[10].display_name	Chemistry
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
locations[0].is_oa	True
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S66104727
locations[0].source.issn	0897-4756, 1520-5002
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	0897-4756
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Chemistry of Materials
locations[0].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
locations[0].source.host_organization_name	American Chemical Society
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Chemical Society
locations[0].license	cc-by
locations[0].pdf_url	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Chemistry of Materials
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
locations[1].id	pmid:39005536
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306525036
locations[1].source.issn
locations[1].source.type	repository
locations[1].source.is_oa	False
locations[1].source.issn_l
locations[1].source.is_core	False
locations[1].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[1].source.display_name	PubMed
locations[1].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	publishedVersion
locations[1].raw_type
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	True
locations[1].is_published	True
locations[1].raw_source_name	Chemistry of materials : a publication of the American Chemical Society
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39005536
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/681229
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402302
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I35440088
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	ETH Zurich
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I35440088
locations[2].license	cc-by
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	publishedVersion
locations[2].raw_type	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
locations[2].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[2].is_accepted	True
locations[2].is_published	True
locations[2].raw_source_name	Chemistry of Materials, 36 (13)
locations[2].landing_page_url	http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/681229
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:dora:psi_68145
locations[3].is_oa	False
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306400127
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag))
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I63664421
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I63664421
locations[3].license
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	acceptedVersion
locations[3].raw_type	Text
locations[3].license_id
locations[3].is_accepted	True
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name
locations[3].landing_page_url
locations[4].id	pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11238340
locations[4].is_oa	True
locations[4].source.id	https://openalex.org/S2764455111
locations[4].source.issn
locations[4].source.type	repository
locations[4].source.is_oa	False
locations[4].source.issn_l
locations[4].source.is_core	False
locations[4].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[4].source.display_name	PubMed Central
locations[4].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[4].source.host_organization_name	National Institutes of Health
locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I1299303238
locations[4].license	cc-by
locations[4].pdf_url
locations[4].version	submittedVersion
locations[4].raw_type	Text
locations[4].license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
locations[4].is_accepted	False
locations[4].is_published	False
locations[4].raw_source_name	Chem Mater
locations[4].landing_page_url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11238340
locations[5].id	doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000681229
locations[5].is_oa	True
locations[5].source.id	https://openalex.org/S7407051236
locations[5].source.type	repository
locations[5].source.is_oa	False
locations[5].source.issn_l
locations[5].source.is_core	False
locations[5].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[5].source.display_name	ETH Zürich Research Collection
locations[5].source.host_organization
locations[5].source.host_organization_name
locations[5].license
locations[5].pdf_url
locations[5].version
locations[5].raw_type	article-journal
locations[5].license_id
locations[5].is_accepted	False
locations[5].is_published
locations[5].raw_source_name
locations[5].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000681229
indexed_in	crossref, datacite, pubmed
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5014750366
authorships[0].author.orcid
authorships[0].author.display_name	Dhananjeya Kumaar
authorships[0].countries	CH
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Dhananjeya Kumaar
authorships[0].is_corresponding	False
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5050096120
authorships[1].author.orcid
authorships[1].author.display_name	Matthias Can
authorships[1].countries	CH
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Matthias Can
authorships[1].is_corresponding	False
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5053193056
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-5899
authorships[2].author.display_name	Helena Weigand
authorships[2].countries	CH
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Helena Weigand
authorships[2].is_corresponding	False
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5050101461
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-1338
authorships[3].author.display_name	Olesya Yarema
authorships[3].countries	CH
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Materials and Device Engineering, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Olesya Yarema
authorships[3].is_corresponding	False
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Materials and Device Engineering, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5019477808
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1915-9113
authorships[4].author.display_name	Simon Wintersteller
authorships[4].countries	CH
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Simon Wintersteller
authorships[4].is_corresponding	False
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058919533
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-9756
authorships[5].author.display_name	Rachel Grange
authorships[5].countries	CH
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Rachel Grange
authorships[5].is_corresponding	False
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Optical Nanomaterial Group, Institute for Quantum Electronics, Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5088566464
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6435-0227
authorships[6].author.display_name	Vanessa Wood
authorships[6].countries	CH
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Materials and Device Engineering, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Vanessa Wood
authorships[6].is_corresponding	False
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Materials and Device Engineering, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5057820245
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2006-2466
authorships[7].author.display_name	Maksym Yarema
authorships[7].countries	CH
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/05a28rw58
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I2799323385, https://openalex.org/I35440088
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	CH
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	ETH Zurich
authorships[7].author_position	last
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Maksym Yarema
authorships[7].is_corresponding	True
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Chemistry and Materials Design, Institute for Electronics, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
has_content.pdf	True
has_content.grobid_xml	True
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
open_access.oa_status	hybrid
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	Phase-Controlled Synthesis and Phase-Change Properties of Colloidal Cu–Ge–Te Nanoparticles
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T11315
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/25
primary_topic.field.display_name	Materials Science
primary_topic.score	0.9998999834060669
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2505
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Materials Chemistry
primary_topic.display_name	Phase-change materials and chalcogenides
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2108157117, https://openalex.org/W2031633929, https://openalex.org/W2082642415, https://openalex.org/W3153333807, https://openalex.org/W2005241827, https://openalex.org/W2914551589, https://openalex.org/W2041176849, https://openalex.org/W2038402524, https://openalex.org/W2766951816, https://openalex.org/W2021319334
cited_by_count	4
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	3
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	1
locations_count	6
best_oa_location.id	doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S66104727
best_oa_location.source.issn	0897-4756, 1520-5002
best_oa_location.source.type	journal
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l	0897-4756
best_oa_location.source.is_core	True
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	Chemistry of Materials
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	American Chemical Society
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Chemical Society
best_oa_location.license	cc-by
best_oa_location.pdf_url	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
best_oa_location.version	publishedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type	journal-article
best_oa_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
best_oa_location.is_accepted	True
best_oa_location.is_published	True
best_oa_location.raw_source_name	Chemistry of Materials
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
primary_location.id	doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
primary_location.is_oa	True
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S66104727
primary_location.source.issn	0897-4756, 1520-5002
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	0897-4756
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Chemistry of Materials
primary_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
primary_location.source.host_organization_name	American Chemical Society
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/P4310320006
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names	American Chemical Society
primary_location.license	cc-by
primary_location.pdf_url	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id	https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Chemistry of Materials
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01009
publication_date	2024-06-24
publication_year	2024
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W3005997294, https://openalex.org/W2805362231, https://openalex.org/W3007317489, https://openalex.org/W2042862454, https://openalex.org/W3096230432, https://openalex.org/W4386100686, https://openalex.org/W2269100828, https://openalex.org/W2898651003, https://openalex.org/W2981130324, https://openalex.org/W2767215064, https://openalex.org/W4391963840, https://openalex.org/W3133544813, https://openalex.org/W2082152560, https://openalex.org/W1657293631, https://openalex.org/W1632540443, https://openalex.org/W2058632092, https://openalex.org/W2560601558, https://openalex.org/W2017932164, https://openalex.org/W2326739478, https://openalex.org/W2745756081, https://openalex.org/W2060470891, https://openalex.org/W2728558515, https://openalex.org/W3087380416, https://openalex.org/W2036229540, https://openalex.org/W3210796689, https://openalex.org/W2321781912, https://openalex.org/W4389994193, https://openalex.org/W2104335563, https://openalex.org/W2049840926, https://openalex.org/W2888063309, https://openalex.org/W3021966910, https://openalex.org/W4391512152, https://openalex.org/W1983510659, https://openalex.org/W2319259087, https://openalex.org/W2077473599, https://openalex.org/W4361005896, https://openalex.org/W4220911322, https://openalex.org/W2482675697, https://openalex.org/W1999008219, https://openalex.org/W1988654912, https://openalex.org/W4321192235, https://openalex.org/W4383341281, https://openalex.org/W2040053941, https://openalex.org/W3038018197, https://openalex.org/W2029421478, https://openalex.org/W2800745337, https://openalex.org/W2788469571, https://openalex.org/W3128132817, https://openalex.org/W3014267345, https://openalex.org/W3193214518, https://openalex.org/W2328007172, https://openalex.org/W2018514694, https://openalex.org/W2145544843, https://openalex.org/W2428559187, https://openalex.org/W2086354076, https://openalex.org/W3121039338, https://openalex.org/W2584331212, https://openalex.org/W2998036296, https://openalex.org/W3186695030, https://openalex.org/W3000484748, https://openalex.org/W4367303901, https://openalex.org/W2552550758, https://openalex.org/W1986922216, https://openalex.org/W2255871307, https://openalex.org/W4241543742, https://openalex.org/W3128451613, https://openalex.org/W3103956262
referenced_works_count	67
abstract_inverted_index.a	7, 193
abstract_inverted_index.Cu	137
abstract_inverted_index.IR	229
abstract_inverted_index.In	122
abstract_inverted_index.We	88, 185
abstract_inverted_index.as	62, 79, 104, 109, 111, 127, 220
abstract_inverted_index.in	58, 139, 152, 202, 214
abstract_inverted_index.is	37
abstract_inverted_index.it	36
abstract_inverted_index.nm	75
abstract_inverted_index.of	46, 55, 73, 99, 149, 162, 173
abstract_inverted_index.to	19, 40, 154, 211
abstract_inverted_index.we	66, 168
abstract_inverted_index.CGT	101, 106, 113, 163, 174, 188
abstract_inverted_index.Our	206
abstract_inverted_index.PCM	49, 56, 86, 213
abstract_inverted_index.and	15, 24, 30, 70, 84, 118, 131, 145, 176, 197, 227
abstract_inverted_index.can	94
abstract_inverted_index.due	18
abstract_inverted_index.for	10, 82, 217
abstract_inverted_index.has	4
abstract_inverted_index.our	91
abstract_inverted_index.the	20, 28, 43, 53, 68, 97, 100, 142, 150, 159, 170, 203, 209
abstract_inverted_index.use	212
abstract_inverted_index.GeTe	140
abstract_inverted_index.down	42
abstract_inverted_index.even	165
abstract_inverted_index.form	216
abstract_inverted_index.good	199
abstract_inverted_index.have	198
abstract_inverted_index.mass	59
abstract_inverted_index.show	89
abstract_inverted_index.situ	123
abstract_inverted_index.such	61, 103, 126, 219
abstract_inverted_index.that	90, 136, 187
abstract_inverted_index.thin	190
abstract_inverted_index.well	110
abstract_inverted_index.with	115, 181
abstract_inverted_index.work	207
abstract_inverted_index.(CGT)	77
abstract_inverted_index.(PCM)	2
abstract_inverted_index.Here,	65
abstract_inverted_index.X-ray	129, 132
abstract_inverted_index.films	191
abstract_inverted_index.index	23
abstract_inverted_index.phase	147
abstract_inverted_index.scale	41
abstract_inverted_index.study	72
abstract_inverted_index.their	178
abstract_inverted_index.this,	35
abstract_inverted_index.vivid	8
abstract_inverted_index.which	157
abstract_inverted_index.change	196
abstract_inverted_index.device	44
abstract_inverted_index.doping	138
abstract_inverted_index.memory	1, 50
abstract_inverted_index.report	67
abstract_inverted_index.reveal	135, 186
abstract_inverted_index.sub-10	74
abstract_inverted_index.Despite	34
abstract_inverted_index.arrays,	51
abstract_inverted_index.between	27
abstract_inverted_index.control	96
abstract_inverted_index.enhance	158
abstract_inverted_index.exhibit	192
abstract_inverted_index.near-IR	204
abstract_inverted_index.optical	179
abstract_inverted_index.phases.	121
abstract_inverted_index.states.	33
abstract_inverted_index.thermal	143
abstract_inverted_index.tunable	21
abstract_inverted_index.α-GeTe	117
abstract_inverted_index.Cu-Ge-Te	76
abstract_inverted_index.addition	153
abstract_inverted_index.approach	93
abstract_inverted_index.consumer	63
abstract_inverted_index.contrast	201
abstract_inverted_index.devices,	223
abstract_inverted_index.devices.	87, 230
abstract_inverted_index.effects,	156
abstract_inverted_index.further.	166
abstract_inverted_index.improves	141
abstract_inverted_index.interest	9
abstract_inverted_index.low-cost	83
abstract_inverted_index.material	32
abstract_inverted_index.negative	194
abstract_inverted_index.photonic	16
abstract_inverted_index.promotes	208
abstract_inverted_index.recently	5
abstract_inverted_index.suitable	80
abstract_inverted_index.trigonal	116
abstract_inverted_index.Moreover,	167
abstract_inverted_index.amorphous	29, 107, 146
abstract_inverted_index.attracted	6
abstract_inverted_index.colloids,	102
abstract_inverted_index.displays,	226
abstract_inverted_index.in-memory	13
abstract_inverted_index.nanoscale	155
abstract_inverted_index.spectrum.	205
abstract_inverted_index.sputtered	48
abstract_inverted_index.stability	148
abstract_inverted_index.structure	98
abstract_inverted_index.switching	222
abstract_inverted_index.synthesis	69, 92
abstract_inverted_index.thin-film	171
abstract_inverted_index.absorption	133
abstract_inverted_index.accurately	95
abstract_inverted_index.candidates	81
abstract_inverted_index.computing,	14
abstract_inverted_index.dimensions	45
abstract_inverted_index.electrical	25
abstract_inverted_index.properties	144, 180
abstract_inverted_index.refractive	22
abstract_inverted_index.structural	71
abstract_inverted_index.techniques	125
abstract_inverted_index.technology	3, 57
abstract_inverted_index.tetragonal	119
abstract_inverted_index.ultrasmall	85
abstract_inverted_index.challenging	39
abstract_inverted_index.crystalline	31, 112
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	169
abstract_inverted_index.diffraction	130
abstract_inverted_index.fabrication	172
abstract_inverted_index.integration	17
abstract_inverted_index.metalenses,	224
abstract_inverted_index.possibility	210
abstract_inverted_index.restricting	52
abstract_inverted_index.Phase-change	0
abstract_inverted_index.applications	60, 218
abstract_inverted_index.characterize	177
abstract_inverted_index.conductivity	26
abstract_inverted_index.electronics.	64
abstract_inverted_index.ellipsometry	183
abstract_inverted_index.increasingly	38
abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticle	189, 215
abstract_inverted_index.neuromorphic	11
abstract_inverted_index.phase-change	228
abstract_inverted_index.reflectivity	195, 200, 225
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopy	134
abstract_inverted_index.applications,	12
abstract_inverted_index.measurements.	184
abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles	78, 108, 114, 164, 175
abstract_inverted_index.nonvolatility	160
abstract_inverted_index.spectroscopic	182
abstract_inverted_index.conventionally	47
abstract_inverted_index.implementation	54
abstract_inverted_index.nanoparticles,	151
abstract_inverted_index.characteristics	161
abstract_inverted_index.electro-optical	221
abstract_inverted_index.characterization	124
abstract_inverted_index.high-temperature	128
abstract_inverted_index.composition-tuned	105
abstract_inverted_index.Cu<sub>2</sub>GeTe<sub>3</sub>	120
cited_by_percentile_year.max	97
cited_by_percentile_year.min	90
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5057820245
countries_distinct_count	1
institutions_distinct_count	8
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I35440088
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.68331807
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	False