Phase Inductance and Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at Standstill Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774
Sensorless control is a common control method used in variable speed drive applications with permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). In these drive systems, phase inductance (i.e., ${q}$ - and ${d}$ -axis inductance) is the key parameter in designing current controllers. Additionally, the rotor position is essential for coordinate transformation during the motor startup. This paper presents the two offline methods of 1) line-to-line voltage injection and 2) stator qd voltage injection of sensorless PMSM drives for the estimation of phase inductance and initial rotor position, respectively. A distinct feature of the proposed methods is that they estimate both inductance and rotor position using the same algorithm. These methods were experimentally verified using an interior PMSM (IPMSM) and a surface-mounted PMSM (SPMSM). Because of the use of a least-squares algorithm, only a limited number of voltage vectors are required to achieve reasonable accuracy for measuring inductance. However, the accuracy of the estimated position was linearly proportional with the number of voltage vectors injected. Furthermore, the position error for IPMSM was found to be smaller than that for SPMSM.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774
- https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 22
- References
- 31
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3133080618
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3133080618Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Phase Inductance and Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at StandstillWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Hao-Chieh Yeh, Sheng‐Ming YangList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Inductance, Control theory (sociology), Rotor (electric), Stator, Voltage, Position (finance), Computer science, Synchronous motor, Machine control, Engineering, Control engineering, Electrical engineering, Control (management), Artificial intelligence, Economics, FinanceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
22Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 3, 2024: 4, 2023: 8, 2022: 5, 2021: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
31Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3133080618 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| ids.mag | 3133080618 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3133080618 |
| fwci | 1.74194704 |
| type | article |
| title | Phase Inductance and Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at Standstill |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 9 |
| biblio.last_page | 32907 |
| biblio.first_page | 32897 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10504 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Sensorless Control of Electric Motors |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10278 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[1].score | 0.9994000196456909 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[1].display_name | Electric Motor Design and Analysis |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10228 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9955000281333923 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Multilevel Inverters and Converters |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1850 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1850 |
| apc_paid.value | 1850 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1850 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C29210110 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8819810152053833 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Inductance |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C47446073 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.8395229578018188 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C17281054 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.7317721843719482 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Rotor (electric) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2776529397 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6693762540817261 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Stator |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C165801399 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6012927293777466 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Voltage |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C198082294 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.5687124133110046 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Position (finance) |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.5075284242630005 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C71376005 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.48973822593688965 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845675 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Synchronous motor |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C2777718703 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.43345701694488525 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6723706 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Machine control |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.2576747536659241 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C133731056 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.1970079243183136 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Control engineering |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C119599485 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.11525604128837585 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2775924081 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.07684168219566345 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Control (management) |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C154945302 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.05768647789955139 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C10138342 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Finance |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8819810152053833 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Inductance |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory |
| keywords[1].score | 0.8395229578018188 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Control theory (sociology) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor |
| keywords[2].score | 0.7317721843719482 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Rotor (electric) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/stator |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6693762540817261 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Stator |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6012927293777466 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Voltage |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/position |
| keywords[5].score | 0.5687124133110046 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Position (finance) |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[6].score | 0.5075284242630005 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-motor |
| keywords[7].score | 0.48973822593688965 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Synchronous motor |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-control |
| keywords[8].score | 0.43345701694488525 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Machine control |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[9].score | 0.2576747536659241 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering |
| keywords[10].score | 0.1970079243183136 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Control engineering |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering |
| keywords[11].score | 0.11525604128837585 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Electrical engineering |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/control |
| keywords[12].score | 0.07684168219566345 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Control (management) |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence |
| keywords[13].score | 0.05768647789955139 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Artificial intelligence |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2485537415 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2169-3536 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2169-3536 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | IEEE Access |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | IEEE Access |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0f1c75bc61ef426d888b25914c14cd6c |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | IEEE Access, Vol 9, Pp 32897-32907 (2021) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/0f1c75bc61ef426d888b25914c14cd6c |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000818840 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-345X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Hao-Chieh Yeh |
| authorships[0].countries | TW |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00cn92c09 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | National Taipei University of Technology |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Hao-Chieh Yeh |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5101651295 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2396-5633 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Sheng‐Ming Yang |
| authorships[1].countries | TW |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00cn92c09 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I118292597 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | TW |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | National Taipei University of Technology |
| authorships[1].author_position | last |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Sheng-Ming Yang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Phase Inductance and Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at Standstill |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10504 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Sensorless Control of Electric Motors |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2360961134, https://openalex.org/W2382174283, https://openalex.org/W2056603594, https://openalex.org/W2660932584, https://openalex.org/W342500627, https://openalex.org/W2024747160, https://openalex.org/W2073603187, https://openalex.org/W1867939230, https://openalex.org/W3194533468, https://openalex.org/W2282955880 |
| cited_by_count | 22 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2485537415 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2169-3536 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2169-3536 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | IEEE Access |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | IEEE Access |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2485537415 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2169-3536 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2169-3536 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | IEEE Access |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319808 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/9312710/09359785.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | IEEE Access |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3060774 |
| publication_date | 2021-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4249643800, https://openalex.org/W3000602285, https://openalex.org/W2292331780, https://openalex.org/W4249379558, https://openalex.org/W2586480802, https://openalex.org/W2168078985, https://openalex.org/W2700802079, https://openalex.org/W2958964631, https://openalex.org/W2770826170, https://openalex.org/W3028332043, https://openalex.org/W3013899641, https://openalex.org/W1977640090, https://openalex.org/W6663479714, https://openalex.org/W2151457862, https://openalex.org/W1967929090, https://openalex.org/W2314331725, https://openalex.org/W2126210794, https://openalex.org/W2567318042, https://openalex.org/W2025551570, https://openalex.org/W2168408340, https://openalex.org/W2889777248, https://openalex.org/W2154245908, https://openalex.org/W2999651398, https://openalex.org/W2173795583, https://openalex.org/W3007606268, https://openalex.org/W2328020194, https://openalex.org/W2166624756, https://openalex.org/W2974507355, https://openalex.org/W2052046390, https://openalex.org/W2336836535, https://openalex.org/W2117543442 |
| referenced_works_count | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.- | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.A | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 117, 126, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.1) | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2) | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 8, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 32, 44, 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 60, 71, 78, 89, 122, 125, 133, 148, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.qd | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 138, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 28, 65, 81, 99, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 46, 75, 142, 166, 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.key | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 33, 41, 50, 56, 76, 90, 103, 123, 146, 149, 156, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 152, 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PMSM | 73, 114, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.same | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 94, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 13, 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.${d}$ | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.${q}$ | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.-axis | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IPMSM | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.These | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drive | 11, 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.error | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.motor | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 23, 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rotor | 42, 83, 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 102, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(i.e., | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.SPMSM. | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drives | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.during | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.magnet | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.method | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 132, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stator | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IPMSM) | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Because | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 1, 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.current | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.feature | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initial | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 59, 92, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offline | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smaller | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vectors | 135, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.voltage | 63, 69, 134, 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PMSMs). | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(SPMSM). | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 141, 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distinct | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimate | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interior | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linearly | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.machines | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position | 43, 101, 151, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presents | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proposed | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.required | 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.startup. | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variable | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verified | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designing | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.essential | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injected. | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.injection | 64, 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measuring | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameter | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.permanent | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position, | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Sensorless | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.algorithm. | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coordinate | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductance | 24, 80, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reasonable | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensorless | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductance) | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inductance. | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synchronous | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controllers. | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.line-to-line | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proportional | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Additionally, | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.least-squares | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respectively. | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimentally | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transformation | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.surface-mounted | 118 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 93 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 2 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7799999713897705 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Affordable and clean energy |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.86056756 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |