PINE: Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenters (ENLITENED Program) [Invited] Article Swipe

View

Madeleine Glick , Nathan Abrams , Qixiang Cheng , Min Yee Teh , Yu‐Han Hung , Oscar A. Jimenez Gordillo , Songtao Liu , Yoshitomo Okawachi , Xiang Meng , Leif Johansson , Manya Ghobadi , Larry Dennison , George Michelogiannakis , John Shalf , Alan Liu , John E. Bowers , Alex Gaeta , Michal Lipson , Keren Bergman ·

YOU? · · 2020 · Open Access · · DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788

We review the motivation, goals, and achievements of the Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenter (PINE) project, which is part of the Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy (ARPA-E) ENergy-efficient Light-wave Integrated Technology Enabling Networks that Enhance Dataprocessing (ENLITENED) program. The PINE program leverages the unique features of photonic technologies to enable alternative mega-datacenters and high-performance computing (HPC) system architectures that deliver more substantial energy efficiency improvements than can be achieved through link energy efficiency alone. In phase 1 of the program, the PINE system architecture demonstrated an average factor of improvement in transactions/joule across a diverse set of HPC and datacenter applications. In phase 2, PINE will demonstrate an aggressive 1.0 pJ/bit total link budget with high-bandwidth-density dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) links to enable additional or more efficiency gains through deep resource disaggregation.

Related Topics

Electrical Engineering

Physics

Quantum Mechanics

Concepts

Photonics Efficient energy use Computer science Energy (signal processing) Computer architecture Embedded system Optoelectronics Engineering Electrical engineering Physics Quantum mechanics

Metadata

Type: article
Language: en
Landing Page: https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788
OA Status: green
Cited By: 29
References: 59
Related Works: 10
OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3095444008

All OpenAlex metadata

Raw OpenAlex JSON

OpenAlex ID: https://openalex.org/W3095444008

Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788

Digital Object Identifier
Title: PINE: Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenters (ENLITENED Program) [Invited]

Work title
Type: article

OpenAlex work type
Language: en

Primary language
Publication year: 2020

Year of publication
Publication date: 2020-11-02

Full publication date if available
Authors: Madeleine Glick, Nathan Abrams, Qixiang Cheng, Min Yee Teh, Yu‐Han Hung, Oscar A. Jimenez Gordillo, Songtao Liu, Yoshitomo Okawachi, Xiang Meng, Leif Johansson, Manya Ghobadi, Larry Dennison, George Michelogiannakis, John Shalf, Alan Liu, John E. Bowers, Alex Gaeta, Michal Lipson, Keren Bergman

List of authors in order
Landing page: https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788

Publisher landing page
Open access: Yes

Whether a free full text is available
OA status: green

Open access status per OpenAlex
OA URL: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1772146

Direct OA link when available
Concepts: Photonics, Efficient energy use, Computer science, Energy (signal processing), Computer architecture, Embedded system, Optoelectronics, Engineering, Electrical engineering, Physics, Quantum mechanics

Top concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
Cited by: 29

Total citation count in OpenAlex
Citations by year (recent): 2025: 1, 2024: 2, 2023: 10, 2022: 11, 2021: 5

Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
References (count): 59

Number of works referenced by this work
Related works (count): 10

Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex

Full payload

id	https://openalex.org/W3095444008
doi	https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788
ids.doi	https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788
ids.mag	3095444008
ids.openalex	https://openalex.org/W3095444008
fwci	2.55331369
type	article
title	PINE: Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenters (ENLITENED Program) [Invited]
awards[0].id	https://openalex.org/G8322810614
awards[0].funder_id	https://openalex.org/F4320332276
awards[0].display_name
awards[0].funder_award_id	DE-AR0000843
awards[0].funder_display_name	Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
biblio.issue	12
biblio.volume	12
biblio.last_page	443
biblio.first_page	443
topics[0].id	https://openalex.org/T10299
topics[0].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[0].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[0].score	0.9998999834060669
topics[0].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[0].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[0].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[0].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[0].display_name	Photonic and Optical Devices
topics[1].id	https://openalex.org/T10232
topics[1].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[1].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[1].score	0.9995999932289124
topics[1].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[1].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[1].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[1].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[1].display_name	Optical Network Technologies
topics[2].id	https://openalex.org/T10767
topics[2].field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
topics[2].field.display_name	Engineering
topics[2].score	0.9994000196456909
topics[2].domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
topics[2].domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
topics[2].subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
topics[2].subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
topics[2].display_name	Advanced Photonic Communication Systems
funders[0].id	https://openalex.org/F4320332276
funders[0].ror	https://ror.org/03q1rgc19
funders[0].display_name	Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy
is_xpac	False
apc_list
apc_paid
concepts[0].id	https://openalex.org/C20788544
concepts[0].level	2
concepts[0].score	0.5845157504081726
concepts[0].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054
concepts[0].display_name	Photonics
concepts[1].id	https://openalex.org/C2742236
concepts[1].level	2
concepts[1].score	0.5572606921195984
concepts[1].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713
concepts[1].display_name	Efficient energy use
concepts[2].id	https://openalex.org/C41008148
concepts[2].level	0
concepts[2].score	0.5022058486938477
concepts[2].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198
concepts[2].display_name	Computer science
concepts[3].id	https://openalex.org/C186370098
concepts[3].level	2
concepts[3].score	0.4531673192977905
concepts[3].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787
concepts[3].display_name	Energy (signal processing)
concepts[4].id	https://openalex.org/C118524514
concepts[4].level	1
concepts[4].score	0.363182008266449
concepts[4].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212
concepts[4].display_name	Computer architecture
concepts[5].id	https://openalex.org/C149635348
concepts[5].level	1
concepts[5].score	0.3486616015434265
concepts[5].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040
concepts[5].display_name	Embedded system
concepts[6].id	https://openalex.org/C49040817
concepts[6].level	1
concepts[6].score	0.27230411767959595
concepts[6].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091
concepts[6].display_name	Optoelectronics
concepts[7].id	https://openalex.org/C127413603
concepts[7].level	0
concepts[7].score	0.19492173194885254
concepts[7].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023
concepts[7].display_name	Engineering
concepts[8].id	https://openalex.org/C119599485
concepts[8].level	1
concepts[8].score	0.18026867508888245
concepts[8].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035
concepts[8].display_name	Electrical engineering
concepts[9].id	https://openalex.org/C121332964
concepts[9].level	0
concepts[9].score	0.16376280784606934
concepts[9].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413
concepts[9].display_name	Physics
concepts[10].id	https://openalex.org/C62520636
concepts[10].level	1
concepts[10].score	0.0
concepts[10].wikidata	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944
concepts[10].display_name	Quantum mechanics
keywords[0].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics
keywords[0].score	0.5845157504081726
keywords[0].display_name	Photonics
keywords[1].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use
keywords[1].score	0.5572606921195984
keywords[1].display_name	Efficient energy use
keywords[2].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science
keywords[2].score	0.5022058486938477
keywords[2].display_name	Computer science
keywords[3].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/energy
keywords[3].score	0.4531673192977905
keywords[3].display_name	Energy (signal processing)
keywords[4].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture
keywords[4].score	0.363182008266449
keywords[4].display_name	Computer architecture
keywords[5].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system
keywords[5].score	0.3486616015434265
keywords[5].display_name	Embedded system
keywords[6].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics
keywords[6].score	0.27230411767959595
keywords[6].display_name	Optoelectronics
keywords[7].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering
keywords[7].score	0.19492173194885254
keywords[7].display_name	Engineering
keywords[8].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering
keywords[8].score	0.18026867508888245
keywords[8].display_name	Electrical engineering
keywords[9].id	https://openalex.org/keywords/physics
keywords[9].score	0.16376280784606934
keywords[9].display_name	Physics
language	en
locations[0].id	doi:10.1364/jocn.402788
locations[0].is_oa	False
locations[0].source.id	https://openalex.org/S180088163
locations[0].source.issn	1943-0620, 1943-0639
locations[0].source.type	journal
locations[0].source.is_oa	False
locations[0].source.issn_l	1943-0620
locations[0].source.is_core	True
locations[0].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[0].source.display_name	Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
locations[0].source.host_organization
locations[0].source.host_organization_name
locations[0].license
locations[0].pdf_url
locations[0].version	publishedVersion
locations[0].raw_type	journal-article
locations[0].license_id
locations[0].is_accepted	True
locations[0].is_published	True
locations[0].raw_source_name	Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
locations[0].landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788
locations[1].id	pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt01608830
locations[1].is_oa	False
locations[1].source
locations[1].license
locations[1].pdf_url
locations[1].version	submittedVersion
locations[1].raw_type	article
locations[1].license_id
locations[1].is_accepted	False
locations[1].is_published	False
locations[1].raw_source_name	Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, vol 12, iss 12
locations[1].landing_page_url	https://escholarship.org/uc/item/01608830
locations[2].id	pmh:oai:osti.gov:1772146
locations[2].is_oa	True
locations[2].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402487
locations[2].source.issn
locations[2].source.type	repository
locations[2].source.is_oa	False
locations[2].source.issn_l
locations[2].source.is_core	False
locations[2].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[2].source.display_name	OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
locations[2].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[2].source.host_organization_name	Office of Scientific and Technical Information
locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[2].license
locations[2].pdf_url
locations[2].version	submittedVersion
locations[2].raw_type
locations[2].license_id
locations[2].is_accepted	False
locations[2].is_published	False
locations[2].raw_source_name
locations[2].landing_page_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1772146
locations[3].id	pmh:oai:osti.gov:1827323
locations[3].is_oa	True
locations[3].source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402487
locations[3].source.issn
locations[3].source.type	repository
locations[3].source.is_oa	False
locations[3].source.issn_l
locations[3].source.is_core	False
locations[3].source.is_in_doaj	False
locations[3].source.display_name	OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
locations[3].source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[3].source.host_organization_name	Office of Scientific and Technical Information
locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I139351228
locations[3].license
locations[3].pdf_url
locations[3].version	submittedVersion
locations[3].raw_type
locations[3].license_id
locations[3].is_accepted	False
locations[3].is_published	False
locations[3].raw_source_name
locations[3].landing_page_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1827323
indexed_in	crossref
authorships[0].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5049804700
authorships[0].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3042-2039
authorships[0].author.display_name	Madeleine Glick
authorships[0].countries	US
authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[0].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[0].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[0].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[0].author_position	first
authorships[0].raw_author_name	Madeleine Glick
authorships[0].is_corresponding	True
authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[1].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5069836185
authorships[1].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5251-6362
authorships[1].author.display_name	Nathan Abrams
authorships[1].countries	US
authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[1].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[1].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[1].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[1].author_position	middle
authorships[1].raw_author_name	Nathan C. Abrams
authorships[1].is_corresponding	True
authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[2].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5054716038
authorships[2].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-2102
authorships[2].author.display_name	Qixiang Cheng
authorships[2].countries	GB
authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I241749
authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
authorships[2].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I241749
authorships[2].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/013meh722
authorships[2].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I241749
authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code	GB
authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name	University of Cambridge
authorships[2].author_position	middle
authorships[2].raw_author_name	Qixiang Cheng
authorships[2].is_corresponding	True
authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings	University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
authorships[3].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5022829828
authorships[3].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5656-9288
authorships[3].author.display_name	Min Yee Teh
authorships[3].countries	US
authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[3].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[3].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[3].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[3].author_position	middle
authorships[3].raw_author_name	Min Yee Teh
authorships[3].is_corresponding	True
authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[4].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5014269086
authorships[4].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6466-9921
authorships[4].author.display_name	Yu‐Han Hung
authorships[4].countries	US
authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[4].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[4].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[4].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[4].author_position	middle
authorships[4].raw_author_name	Yu-Han Hung
authorships[4].is_corresponding	True
authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[5].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5026480253
authorships[5].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3500-9289
authorships[5].author.display_name	Oscar A. Jimenez Gordillo
authorships[5].countries	US
authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[5].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[5].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[5].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[5].author_position	middle
authorships[5].raw_author_name	Oscar Jimenez
authorships[5].is_corresponding	True
authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[6].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5100697289
authorships[6].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9815-3678
authorships[6].author.display_name	Songtao Liu
authorships[6].countries	US
authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
authorships[6].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[6].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02t274463
authorships[6].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name	University of California, Santa Barbara
authorships[6].author_position	middle
authorships[6].raw_author_name	Songtao Liu
authorships[6].is_corresponding	True
authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
authorships[7].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5015012797
authorships[7].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-0549
authorships[7].author.display_name	Yoshitomo Okawachi
authorships[7].countries	US
authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[7].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[7].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[7].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[7].author_position	middle
authorships[7].raw_author_name	Yoshitomo Okawachi
authorships[7].is_corresponding	True
authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[8].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5077888219
authorships[8].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-6849
authorships[8].author.display_name	Xiang Meng
authorships[8].countries	US
authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[8].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[8].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[8].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[8].author_position	middle
authorships[8].raw_author_name	Xiang Meng
authorships[8].is_corresponding	True
authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[9].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102781841
authorships[9].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-0359
authorships[9].author.display_name	Leif Johansson
authorships[9].countries	US
authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210136083
authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Freedom Photonics, LLC, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
authorships[9].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210136083
authorships[9].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03sf9zf71
authorships[9].institutions[0].type	company
authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210136083
authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name	Freedom Photonics (United States)
authorships[9].author_position	middle
authorships[9].raw_author_name	Leif Johansson
authorships[9].is_corresponding	True
authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings	Freedom Photonics, LLC, Santa Barbara, California 93117, USA
authorships[10].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5058729992
authorships[10].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4095-1519
authorships[10].author.display_name	Manya Ghobadi
authorships[10].countries	US
authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210110987
authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	CSAIL, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
authorships[10].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210110987
authorships[10].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/01wp8zh54
authorships[10].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I30771326, https://openalex.org/I4210110987
authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name	IIT@MIT
authorships[10].author_position	middle
authorships[10].raw_author_name	Manya Ghobadi
authorships[10].is_corresponding	True
authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings	CSAIL, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
authorships[11].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5011612779
authorships[11].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-1083
authorships[11].author.display_name	Larry Dennison
authorships[11].countries	US
authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I4210127875
authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	NVIDIA Corp., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
authorships[11].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I4210127875
authorships[11].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/03jdj4y14
authorships[11].institutions[0].type	company
authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I4210127875
authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name	Nvidia (United States)
authorships[11].author_position	middle
authorships[11].raw_author_name	Larry Dennison
authorships[11].is_corresponding	True
authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings	NVIDIA Corp., Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
authorships[12].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5038069067
authorships[12].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-6054
authorships[12].author.display_name	George Michelogiannakis
authorships[12].countries	US
authorships[12].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I148283060
authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
authorships[12].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I148283060
authorships[12].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02jbv0t02
authorships[12].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[12].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I148283060, https://openalex.org/I39565521
authorships[12].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[12].institutions[0].display_name	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
authorships[12].author_position	middle
authorships[12].raw_author_name	George Michelogiannakis
authorships[12].is_corresponding	True
authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
authorships[13].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5010873686
authorships[13].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0608-3690
authorships[13].author.display_name	John Shalf
authorships[13].countries	US
authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I148283060
authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
authorships[13].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I148283060
authorships[13].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02jbv0t02
authorships[13].institutions[0].type	facility
authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I1330989302, https://openalex.org/I148283060, https://openalex.org/I39565521
authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
authorships[13].author_position	middle
authorships[13].raw_author_name	John Shalf
authorships[13].is_corresponding	True
authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
authorships[14].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5101726185
authorships[14].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-6662
authorships[14].author.display_name	Alan Liu
authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Quintessent, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
authorships[14].author_position	middle
authorships[14].raw_author_name	Alan Liu
authorships[14].is_corresponding	True
authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings	Quintessent, Santa Barbara, California 93105, USA
authorships[15].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5102770958
authorships[15].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-8296
authorships[15].author.display_name	John E. Bowers
authorships[15].countries	US
authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
authorships[15].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[15].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/02t274463
authorships[15].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I154570441
authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name	University of California, Santa Barbara
authorships[15].author_position	middle
authorships[15].raw_author_name	John Bowers
authorships[15].is_corresponding	True
authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings	Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
authorships[16].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5109438689
authorships[16].author.orcid
authorships[16].author.display_name	Alex Gaeta
authorships[16].countries	US
authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[16].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[16].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[16].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[16].author_position	middle
authorships[16].raw_author_name	Alex Gaeta
authorships[16].is_corresponding	True
authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[17].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5026858777
authorships[17].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2903-3765
authorships[17].author.display_name	Michal Lipson
authorships[17].countries	US
authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[17].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[17].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[17].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[17].author_position	middle
authorships[17].raw_author_name	Michal Lipson
authorships[17].is_corresponding	True
authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[18].author.id	https://openalex.org/A5081695392
authorships[18].author.orcid	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-1728
authorships[18].author.display_name	Keren Bergman
authorships[18].countries	US
authorships[18].affiliations[0].institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[18].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
authorships[18].institutions[0].id	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[18].institutions[0].ror	https://ror.org/00hj8s172
authorships[18].institutions[0].type	education
authorships[18].institutions[0].lineage	https://openalex.org/I78577930
authorships[18].institutions[0].country_code	US
authorships[18].institutions[0].display_name	Columbia University
authorships[18].author_position	last
authorships[18].raw_author_name	Keren Bergman
authorships[18].is_corresponding	True
authorships[18].raw_affiliation_strings	Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
has_content.pdf	False
has_content.grobid_xml	False
is_paratext	False
open_access.is_oa	True
open_access.oa_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1772146
open_access.oa_status	green
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	False
created_date	2025-10-10T00:00:00
display_name	PINE: Photonic Integrated Networked Energy efficient datacenters (ENLITENED Program) [Invited]
has_fulltext	False
is_retracted	False
updated_date	2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776
primary_topic.id	https://openalex.org/T10299
primary_topic.field.id	https://openalex.org/fields/22
primary_topic.field.display_name	Engineering
primary_topic.score	0.9998999834060669
primary_topic.domain.id	https://openalex.org/domains/3
primary_topic.domain.display_name	Physical Sciences
primary_topic.subfield.id	https://openalex.org/subfields/2208
primary_topic.subfield.display_name	Electrical and Electronic Engineering
primary_topic.display_name	Photonic and Optical Devices
related_works	https://openalex.org/W2030563063, https://openalex.org/W2046243418, https://openalex.org/W1489146798, https://openalex.org/W2791806103, https://openalex.org/W2100589111, https://openalex.org/W595200200, https://openalex.org/W2460691717, https://openalex.org/W4249307902, https://openalex.org/W2462479589, https://openalex.org/W2773237006
cited_by_count	29
counts_by_year[0].year	2025
counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count	1
counts_by_year[1].year	2024
counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count	2
counts_by_year[2].year	2023
counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count	10
counts_by_year[3].year	2022
counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count	11
counts_by_year[4].year	2021
counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count	5
locations_count	4
best_oa_location.id	pmh:oai:osti.gov:1772146
best_oa_location.is_oa	True
best_oa_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S4306402487
best_oa_location.source.issn
best_oa_location.source.type	repository
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	False
best_oa_location.source.issn_l
best_oa_location.source.is_core	False
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
best_oa_location.source.display_name	OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	https://openalex.org/I139351228
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name	Office of Scientific and Technical Information
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	https://openalex.org/I139351228
best_oa_location.license
best_oa_location.pdf_url
best_oa_location.version	submittedVersion
best_oa_location.raw_type
best_oa_location.license_id
best_oa_location.is_accepted	False
best_oa_location.is_published	False
best_oa_location.raw_source_name
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1772146
primary_location.id	doi:10.1364/jocn.402788
primary_location.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.id	https://openalex.org/S180088163
primary_location.source.issn	1943-0620, 1943-0639
primary_location.source.type	journal
primary_location.source.is_oa	False
primary_location.source.issn_l	1943-0620
primary_location.source.is_core	True
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	False
primary_location.source.display_name	Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
primary_location.source.host_organization
primary_location.source.host_organization_name
primary_location.license
primary_location.pdf_url
primary_location.version	publishedVersion
primary_location.raw_type	journal-article
primary_location.license_id
primary_location.is_accepted	True
primary_location.is_published	True
primary_location.raw_source_name	Journal of Optical Communications and Networking
primary_location.landing_page_url	https://doi.org/10.1364/jocn.402788
publication_date	2020-11-02
publication_year	2020
referenced_works	https://openalex.org/W2897089376, https://openalex.org/W2913168360, https://openalex.org/W2982172774, https://openalex.org/W2902717420, https://openalex.org/W2986678860, https://openalex.org/W3085337879, https://openalex.org/W3003033962, https://openalex.org/W3004002048, https://openalex.org/W2908849272, https://openalex.org/W2807234289, https://openalex.org/W2971859898, https://openalex.org/W2974919347, https://openalex.org/W2802522432, https://openalex.org/W2962198553, https://openalex.org/W6677854252, https://openalex.org/W1988150362, https://openalex.org/W2116377381, https://openalex.org/W3002057986, https://openalex.org/W2969388332, https://openalex.org/W6756718674, https://openalex.org/W2900480067, https://openalex.org/W2796935668, https://openalex.org/W4256442032, https://openalex.org/W2899956174, https://openalex.org/W2144558071, https://openalex.org/W2791175999, https://openalex.org/W2802000047, https://openalex.org/W2331235422, https://openalex.org/W2343259105, https://openalex.org/W2328469631, https://openalex.org/W2012631289, https://openalex.org/W2051706700, https://openalex.org/W2917458549, https://openalex.org/W2331467930, https://openalex.org/W3098600872, https://openalex.org/W1969312976, https://openalex.org/W3086242450, https://openalex.org/W2782961126, https://openalex.org/W2025533152, https://openalex.org/W2082570238, https://openalex.org/W2760843823, https://openalex.org/W2508218657, https://openalex.org/W2796208085, https://openalex.org/W4256373010, https://openalex.org/W2904141726, https://openalex.org/W6752311648, https://openalex.org/W2796429355, https://openalex.org/W4233252753, https://openalex.org/W4230576351, https://openalex.org/W3025935268, https://openalex.org/W2944458067, https://openalex.org/W4301894904, https://openalex.org/W2991040477, https://openalex.org/W3105965335, https://openalex.org/W3100464750, https://openalex.org/W4212774754, https://openalex.org/W2118231264, https://openalex.org/W2944596559, https://openalex.org/W3105430578
referenced_works_count	59
abstract_inverted_index.1	76
abstract_inverted_index.a	97
abstract_inverted_index.2,	107
abstract_inverted_index.In	74, 105
abstract_inverted_index.We	0
abstract_inverted_index.an	85, 111
abstract_inverted_index.be	67
abstract_inverted_index.in	94
abstract_inverted_index.is	18
abstract_inverted_index.of	7, 20, 45, 77, 88, 100
abstract_inverted_index.or	132
abstract_inverted_index.to	48, 125
abstract_inverted_index.1.0	113
abstract_inverted_index.HPC	101
abstract_inverted_index.The	38
abstract_inverted_index.and	5, 52, 102
abstract_inverted_index.can	66
abstract_inverted_index.set	99
abstract_inverted_index.the	2, 8, 21, 42, 78, 80
abstract_inverted_index.PINE	39, 81, 108
abstract_inverted_index.deep	137
abstract_inverted_index.link	70, 116
abstract_inverted_index.more	60, 133
abstract_inverted_index.part	19
abstract_inverted_index.than	65
abstract_inverted_index.that	33, 58
abstract_inverted_index.will	109
abstract_inverted_index.with	118
abstract_inverted_index.(HPC)	55
abstract_inverted_index.dense	120
abstract_inverted_index.gains	135
abstract_inverted_index.links	124
abstract_inverted_index.phase	75, 106
abstract_inverted_index.total	115
abstract_inverted_index.which	17
abstract_inverted_index.(DWDM)	123
abstract_inverted_index.(PINE)	15
abstract_inverted_index.Energy	12
abstract_inverted_index.across	96
abstract_inverted_index.alone.	73
abstract_inverted_index.budget	117
abstract_inverted_index.enable	49, 126
abstract_inverted_index.energy	62, 71
abstract_inverted_index.factor	87
abstract_inverted_index.goals,	4
abstract_inverted_index.pJ/bit	114
abstract_inverted_index.review	1
abstract_inverted_index.system	56, 82
abstract_inverted_index.unique	43
abstract_inverted_index.Enhance	34
abstract_inverted_index.average	86
abstract_inverted_index.deliver	59
abstract_inverted_index.diverse	98
abstract_inverted_index.program	40
abstract_inverted_index.through	69, 136
abstract_inverted_index.(ARPA-E)	26
abstract_inverted_index.Advanced	22
abstract_inverted_index.Enabling	31
abstract_inverted_index.Networks	32
abstract_inverted_index.Photonic	9
abstract_inverted_index.Projects	24
abstract_inverted_index.Research	23
abstract_inverted_index.achieved	68
abstract_inverted_index.features	44
abstract_inverted_index.photonic	46
abstract_inverted_index.program,	79
abstract_inverted_index.program.	37
abstract_inverted_index.project,	16
abstract_inverted_index.resource	138
abstract_inverted_index.<mml:math	89, 128
abstract_inverted_index.Networked	11
abstract_inverted_index.computing	54
abstract_inverted_index.efficient	13
abstract_inverted_index.leverages	41
abstract_inverted_index.Integrated	10, 29
abstract_inverted_index.Light-wave	28
abstract_inverted_index.Technology	30
abstract_inverted_index.additional	127
abstract_inverted_index.aggressive	112
abstract_inverted_index.datacenter	14, 103
abstract_inverted_index.efficiency	63, 72, 134
abstract_inverted_index.(ENLITENED)	36
abstract_inverted_index.alternative	50
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate	110
abstract_inverted_index.improvement	93
abstract_inverted_index.motivation,	3
abstract_inverted_index.substantial	61
abstract_inverted_index.achievements	6
abstract_inverted_index.architecture	83
abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated	84
abstract_inverted_index.improvements	64
abstract_inverted_index.multiplexing	122
abstract_inverted_index.technologies	47
abstract_inverted_index.applications.	104
abstract_inverted_index.architectures	57
abstract_inverted_index.Dataprocessing	35
abstract_inverted_index.Agency–Energy	25
abstract_inverted_index.disaggregation.	139
abstract_inverted_index.ENergy-efficient	27
abstract_inverted_index.high-performance	53
abstract_inverted_index.mega-datacenters	51
abstract_inverted_index.transactions/joule	95
abstract_inverted_index.wavelength-division	121
abstract_inverted_index.high-bandwidth-density	119
abstract_inverted_index.display="inline"><mml:mrow	91, 130
abstract_inverted_index.xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"	90, 129
abstract_inverted_index.class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>2.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math>	92
abstract_inverted_index.class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"><mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:math>	131
cited_by_percentile_year.max	99
cited_by_percentile_year.min	91
corresponding_author_ids	https://openalex.org/A5081695392, https://openalex.org/A5011612779, https://openalex.org/A5069836185, https://openalex.org/A5101726185, https://openalex.org/A5022829828, https://openalex.org/A5026858777, https://openalex.org/A5015012797, https://openalex.org/A5014269086, https://openalex.org/A5077888219, https://openalex.org/A5038069067, https://openalex.org/A5049804700, https://openalex.org/A5010873686, https://openalex.org/A5054716038, https://openalex.org/A5102781841, https://openalex.org/A5102770958, https://openalex.org/A5026480253, https://openalex.org/A5100697289, https://openalex.org/A5109438689, https://openalex.org/A5058729992
countries_distinct_count	2
institutions_distinct_count	19
corresponding_institution_ids	https://openalex.org/I148283060, https://openalex.org/I154570441, https://openalex.org/I241749, https://openalex.org/I4210110987, https://openalex.org/I4210127875, https://openalex.org/I4210136083, https://openalex.org/I78577930
sustainable_development_goals[0].id	https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7
sustainable_development_goals[0].score	0.8700000047683716
sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name	Affordable and clean energy
citation_normalized_percentile.value	0.90947689
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	False
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	True