Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Environment: Occupational Exposure, Health Risks and Fertility Implications Article Swipe
Luigi Montano
,
Giorgio Maria Baldini
,
Marina Piscopo
,
Giovanna Liguori
,
Renato Lombardi
,
Maria Ricciardi
,
G. Esposito
,
Gabriella Pinto
,
Carolina Fontanarosa
,
Michele Spinelli
,
Ilaria Palmieri
,
Daniele Sofia
,
Carlo Brogna
,
Cosimo Carati
,
Mauro Esposito
,
Pasquale Gallo
,
Angela Amoresano
,
Oriana Motta
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds with fused aromatic rings, primarily derived from combustion processes and environmental pollutants. This narrative review discusses the most relevant studies on PAHs, focusing on their sources, environmental and occupational exposure, and effects on human health, emphasizing their roles as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic agents. The primary pathways for human exposure to PAHs are through the ingestion of contaminated food (mainly due to some food processing methods, such as smoking and high-temperature cooking techniques), the inhalation of ambient air, and the smoking of cigarettes. Coke oven workers are recognized as a high-risk occupational group for PAH exposure, highlighting the need for appropriate strategies to mitigate these risks and safeguard worker health. PAHs are metabolized into reactive intermediates in the body, which can lead to DNA damage and promote the development of various health conditions, particularly in environments with high exposure levels. Chronic PAH exposure has been linked to respiratory diseases, as well as cardiovascular problems and immune system suppression. Furthermore, this review underscores the significant impact of PAHs on reproductive health. The results of the reported studies suggest that both male and female fertility can be compromised due to oxidative stress, DNA damage, and endocrine disruption caused by PAH exposure. In males, PAHs impair sperm quality, while, in females, they disrupt ovarian function, potentially leading to infertility, miscarriage, and birth defects. Fetal exposure to PAHs is also associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Given the extensive and detrimental health risks posed by PAHs, this review stresses the importance of stringent environmental regulations, occupational safety measures, and public health initiatives to mitigate exposure and safeguard reproductive and overall health.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- review
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151
- https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 46
- References
- 176
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4407879331
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4407879331Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Environment: Occupational Exposure, Health Risks and Fertility ImplicationsWork title
- Type
-
reviewOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-02-23Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Luigi Montano, Giorgio Maria Baldini, Marina Piscopo, Giovanna Liguori, Renato Lombardi, Maria Ricciardi, G. Esposito, Gabriella Pinto, Carolina Fontanarosa, Michele Spinelli, Ilaria Palmieri, Daniele Sofia, Carlo Brogna, Cosimo Carati, Mauro Esposito, Pasquale Gallo, Angela Amoresano, Oriana MottaList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Pollutant, Environmental chemistry, DNA damage, Environmental health, Physiology, Chemistry, Medicine, Biochemistry, Organic chemistry, DNATop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
46Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 46Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
176Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4407879331 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40137477 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4407879331 |
| fwci | 171.58070063 |
| type | review |
| title | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Environment: Occupational Exposure, Health Risks and Fertility Implications |
| biblio.issue | 3 |
| biblio.volume | 13 |
| biblio.last_page | 151 |
| biblio.first_page | 151 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10122 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[0].display_name | Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10190 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9980999827384949 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[1].display_name | Air Quality and Health Impacts |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10686 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9926000237464905 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| topics[2].display_name | Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1800 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1949 |
| apc_paid.value | 1800 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1949 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2779033964 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.603603720664978 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407212 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C82685317 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5907902717590332 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19829510 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Pollutant |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C107872376 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5457968711853027 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Environmental chemistry |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C143425029 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4310978651046753 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205747 |
| concepts[3].display_name | DNA damage |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C99454951 |
| concepts[4].level | 1 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.43085044622421265 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Environmental health |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C42407357 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.35524696111679077 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Physiology |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.2549400329589844 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.24921879172325134 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C552990157 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430 |
| concepts[10].display_name | DNA |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbon |
| keywords[0].score | 0.603603720664978 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pollutant |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5907902717590332 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Pollutant |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-chemistry |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5457968711853027 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Environmental chemistry |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-damage |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4310978651046753 |
| keywords[3].display_name | DNA damage |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-health |
| keywords[4].score | 0.43085044622421265 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Environmental health |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physiology |
| keywords[5].score | 0.35524696111679077 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Physiology |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[6].score | 0.2549400329589844 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[7].score | 0.24921879172325134 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Medicine |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738661068 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2305-6304 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2305-6304 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Toxics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Toxics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:40137477 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Toxics |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40137477 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b93958a1db5b490b9b2aeded08ce332e |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | article |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | Toxics, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 151 (2025) |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/b93958a1db5b490b9b2aeded08ce332e |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11946043 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[3].license | other-oa |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | Text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Toxics |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11946043 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5025515562 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5670-9439 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Luigi Montano |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (Eco Food Fertility Project), Oliveto Citra Hospital, 84124 Salerno, Italy |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Luigi Montano |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Andrology Unit and Service of Lifestyle Medicine in Uro-Andrology, Local Health Authority (ASL) Salerno, 84124 Salerno, Italy, Coordination Unit of the Network for Environmental and Reproductive Health (Eco Food Fertility Project), Oliveto Citra Hospital, 84124 Salerno, Italy |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055220823 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5061-8007 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Giorgio Maria Baldini |
| authorships[1].countries | IT |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I5561750 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I5561750 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/027ynra39 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I5561750 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Bari Aldo Moro |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Giorgio Maria Baldini |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079736402 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0560-6952 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Marina Piscopo |
| authorships[2].countries | IT |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05290cv24 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Naples Federico II |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Marina Piscopo |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009189017 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-345X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Giovanna Liguori |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, Local Health Authority (ASL), 71121 Foggia, Italy |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Giovanna Liguori |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, Local Health Authority (ASL), 71121 Foggia, Italy |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5082161977 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7759-2141 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Renato Lombardi |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, Local Health Authority (ASL), 71121 Foggia, Italy |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Renato Lombardi |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Territorial Pharmaceutical Service, Local Health Authority (ASL), 71121 Foggia, Italy |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080271700 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4668-2380 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Maria Ricciardi |
| authorships[5].countries | IT |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0192m2k53 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Salerno |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Maria Ricciardi |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5085532591 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-2971 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | G. Esposito |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | UOSM Nola ASL Napoli 3 Sud, 80035 Napoli, Italy |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Gennaro Esposito |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | UOSM Nola ASL Napoli 3 Sud, 80035 Napoli, Italy |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5007455508 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-3452 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Gabriella Pinto |
| authorships[7].countries | IT |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043bhwh19 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05290cv24 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | University of Naples Federico II |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Gabriella Pinto |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy, INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004425393 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Carolina Fontanarosa |
| authorships[8].countries | IT |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05290cv24 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Naples Federico II |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Carolina Fontanarosa |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5033020297 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-1587 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Michele Spinelli |
| authorships[9].countries | IT |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043bhwh19 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05290cv24 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[9].institutions[1].display_name | University of Naples Federico II |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Michele Spinelli |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy, INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5095904149 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Ilaria Palmieri |
| authorships[10].countries | IT |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I197809005 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I197809005 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02kqnpp86 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I197809005 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Ilaria Palmieri |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5055404758 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9712-6018 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Daniele Sofia |
| authorships[11].countries | IT |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I45204951 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44/a Rende, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy |
| authorships[11].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Research Department, Sense Square Srl, 84084 Salerno, Italy |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I45204951 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02rc97e94 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I45204951 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | University of Calabria |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Daniele Sofia |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 44/a Rende, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy, Research Department, Sense Square Srl, 84084 Salerno, Italy |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5049093047 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6252-0595 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Carlo Brogna |
| authorships[12].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility Srl, 20091 Bresso, Italy |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | Carlo Brogna |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Research, Craniomed Group Facility Srl, 20091 Bresso, Italy |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5116398019 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Cosimo Carati |
| authorships[13].countries | IT |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I103320735 |
| authorships[13].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Student of Department of Medicine Surger, University Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Roma, Italy |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I103320735 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/03h7r5v07 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I103320735 |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[13].institutions[0].display_name | Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore |
| authorships[13].author_position | middle |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | Cosimo Carati |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].raw_affiliation_strings | Student of Department of Medicine Surger, University Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Roma, Italy |
| authorships[14].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5017939918 |
| authorships[14].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0558-0185 |
| authorships[14].author.display_name | Mauro Esposito |
| authorships[14].countries | IT |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[14].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Dipartimento Coordinamento di Chimica, Via della Salute, 2, 80005 Portici, Italy |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05r7f8853 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[14].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno |
| authorships[14].author_position | middle |
| authorships[14].raw_author_name | Mauro Esposito |
| authorships[14].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[14].raw_affiliation_strings | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Dipartimento Coordinamento di Chimica, Via della Salute, 2, 80005 Portici, Italy |
| authorships[15].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016221574 |
| authorships[15].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9676-2290 |
| authorships[15].author.display_name | Pasquale Gallo |
| authorships[15].countries | IT |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[15].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Dipartimento Coordinamento di Chimica, Via della Salute, 2, 80005 Portici, Italy |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/05r7f8853 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].type | facility |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210161349 |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[15].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno |
| authorships[15].author_position | middle |
| authorships[15].raw_author_name | Pasquale Gallo |
| authorships[15].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[15].raw_affiliation_strings | Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Dipartimento Coordinamento di Chimica, Via della Salute, 2, 80005 Portici, Italy |
| authorships[16].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5038044408 |
| authorships[16].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8386-655X |
| authorships[16].author.display_name | Angela Amoresano |
| authorships[16].countries | IT |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[16].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy |
| authorships[16].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[16].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/043bhwh19 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].type | other |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210140048 |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[16].institutions[0].display_name | Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/05290cv24 |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I71267560 |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].country_code | IT |
| authorships[16].institutions[1].display_name | University of Naples Federico II |
| authorships[16].author_position | middle |
| authorships[16].raw_author_name | Angela Amoresano |
| authorships[16].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[16].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy, INBB-Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Consorzio Interuniversitario, 00136 Rome, Italy |
| authorships[17].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015885859 |
| authorships[17].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1088-6741 |
| authorships[17].author.display_name | Oriana Motta |
| authorships[17].countries | IT |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[17].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0192m2k53 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I131729948 |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].country_code | IT |
| authorships[17].institutions[0].display_name | University of Salerno |
| authorships[17].author_position | last |
| authorships[17].raw_author_name | Oriana Motta |
| authorships[17].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[17].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Medicine Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Environment: Occupational Exposure, Health Risks and Fertility Implications |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10122 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9995999932289124 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2307 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis |
| primary_topic.display_name | Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2382027398, https://openalex.org/W4280559622, https://openalex.org/W3146724685, https://openalex.org/W2921193467, https://openalex.org/W1596984415, https://openalex.org/W2988463750, https://openalex.org/W2134322453, https://openalex.org/W2786192813, https://openalex.org/W2075954587, https://openalex.org/W2079346837 |
| cited_by_count | 46 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 46 |
| locations_count | 4 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738661068 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2305-6304 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2305-6304 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Toxics |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Toxics |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2738661068 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2305-6304 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2305-6304 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Toxics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/3/151/pdf?version=1740377447 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Toxics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13030151 |
| publication_date | 2025-02-23 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W4313814284, https://openalex.org/W2315890010, https://openalex.org/W2057265291, https://openalex.org/W4211118186, https://openalex.org/W2039213606, https://openalex.org/W1981211406, https://openalex.org/W2000690462, https://openalex.org/W2771047855, https://openalex.org/W2081393283, https://openalex.org/W2063685092, https://openalex.org/W2004533246, https://openalex.org/W2043798399, https://openalex.org/W3202050427, https://openalex.org/W2012236300, https://openalex.org/W1975008903, https://openalex.org/W2344332994, https://openalex.org/W1985215097, https://openalex.org/W1999617397, https://openalex.org/W2034004770, https://openalex.org/W2025869609, https://openalex.org/W2085966116, https://openalex.org/W1984718561, https://openalex.org/W2039455600, https://openalex.org/W2094123166, https://openalex.org/W2106835728, https://openalex.org/W2130911289, https://openalex.org/W2216408297, https://openalex.org/W2037840325, https://openalex.org/W2019924605, https://openalex.org/W2098214632, https://openalex.org/W2033311316, https://openalex.org/W1974019191, https://openalex.org/W2156291661, https://openalex.org/W2124761277, https://openalex.org/W1541830457, https://openalex.org/W2793171761, https://openalex.org/W4386295589, https://openalex.org/W2518574522, https://openalex.org/W1973532995, https://openalex.org/W1929567230, https://openalex.org/W1811386434, https://openalex.org/W2066833669, https://openalex.org/W2201735116, https://openalex.org/W4377862388, https://openalex.org/W3016813323, https://openalex.org/W4387205190, https://openalex.org/W4313594569, https://openalex.org/W4386568058, https://openalex.org/W1997372980, https://openalex.org/W2314601975, https://openalex.org/W2401349198, https://openalex.org/W2078938105, https://openalex.org/W2126908878, https://openalex.org/W2072263443, https://openalex.org/W2000423718, https://openalex.org/W2895991202, https://openalex.org/W2940305866, https://openalex.org/W2195024517, https://openalex.org/W1989979187, https://openalex.org/W2141175355, https://openalex.org/W2801063948, https://openalex.org/W2070048855, https://openalex.org/W2081698639, https://openalex.org/W2476393282, https://openalex.org/W2790914264, https://openalex.org/W2898458220, https://openalex.org/W6704344575, https://openalex.org/W1994524908, https://openalex.org/W2336782286, https://openalex.org/W1992962633, https://openalex.org/W2046807412, https://openalex.org/W2958409306, https://openalex.org/W2466095364, https://openalex.org/W2012319083, https://openalex.org/W1974119397, https://openalex.org/W6679265157, https://openalex.org/W4292409448, https://openalex.org/W3012985331, https://openalex.org/W2322276110, https://openalex.org/W2108230147, https://openalex.org/W2023318613, https://openalex.org/W1881840670, https://openalex.org/W6632072801, https://openalex.org/W2092524257, https://openalex.org/W1971388262, https://openalex.org/W2538967716, https://openalex.org/W1983189156, https://openalex.org/W2140015494, https://openalex.org/W1877083873, https://openalex.org/W2032417802, https://openalex.org/W2128106150, https://openalex.org/W3085270330, https://openalex.org/W1978541897, https://openalex.org/W2079260294, https://openalex.org/W2062909384, https://openalex.org/W2085294848, https://openalex.org/W2143639411, https://openalex.org/W2019614011, https://openalex.org/W2074488542, https://openalex.org/W2589575916, https://openalex.org/W2011647635, https://openalex.org/W3194266245, https://openalex.org/W2056171781, https://openalex.org/W4391069533, https://openalex.org/W2066283188, https://openalex.org/W2025201946, https://openalex.org/W1531872833, https://openalex.org/W2999273068, https://openalex.org/W4316663033, https://openalex.org/W2335029842, https://openalex.org/W2107319458, https://openalex.org/W1984009402, https://openalex.org/W3009571825, https://openalex.org/W2024880844, https://openalex.org/W2997053522, https://openalex.org/W2917837889, https://openalex.org/W4200102752, https://openalex.org/W4220920750, https://openalex.org/W4310421998, https://openalex.org/W6637835714, https://openalex.org/W2020771414, https://openalex.org/W6678745690, https://openalex.org/W3209153182, https://openalex.org/W2121518362, https://openalex.org/W2068176818, https://openalex.org/W2011436989, https://openalex.org/W2736555590, https://openalex.org/W2143865605, https://openalex.org/W2097420884, https://openalex.org/W2008613207, https://openalex.org/W1753371176, https://openalex.org/W2327166710, https://openalex.org/W2070066938, https://openalex.org/W1993408326, https://openalex.org/W1982525811, https://openalex.org/W2112866963, https://openalex.org/W2898605546, https://openalex.org/W2382148589, https://openalex.org/W3208795361, https://openalex.org/W2756276536, https://openalex.org/W2570066570, https://openalex.org/W3021535971, https://openalex.org/W2809878970, https://openalex.org/W2093152101, https://openalex.org/W2566200511, https://openalex.org/W603478757, https://openalex.org/W2038109391, https://openalex.org/W2166893883, https://openalex.org/W2038764227, https://openalex.org/W3138204608, https://openalex.org/W3196612204, https://openalex.org/W2111312684, https://openalex.org/W4376645946, https://openalex.org/W4210505451, https://openalex.org/W4220858608, https://openalex.org/W2753288846, https://openalex.org/W2608664116, https://openalex.org/W4387495264, https://openalex.org/W1989458660, https://openalex.org/W2030607204, https://openalex.org/W2038758189, https://openalex.org/W2073223435, https://openalex.org/W2039630580, https://openalex.org/W2086541189, https://openalex.org/W2166210403, https://openalex.org/W2006615689, https://openalex.org/W2094037188, https://openalex.org/W1968913560, https://openalex.org/W2008390820, https://openalex.org/W6674525885, https://openalex.org/W2165132551, https://openalex.org/W2129248939, https://openalex.org/W2515911862, https://openalex.org/W2774399337, https://openalex.org/W2130028479, https://openalex.org/W4254266062 |
| referenced_works_count | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 5, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 48, 77, 98, 159, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 206, 248 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 126, 144, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 7, 66, 85, 91, 139, 175, 182, 255 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 30, 33, 42, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 60, 71, 112, 132, 156, 197, 224, 232, 266 |
| abstract_inverted_index.DNA | 133, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PAH | 104, 151, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 54, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 19, 37, 40, 51, 79, 88, 116, 135, 164, 190, 202, 227, 243, 262, 269, 272 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 4, 62, 96, 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 130, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.due | 70, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 57, 103, 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 26, 64, 83, 89, 107, 127, 137, 172, 183, 241, 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Coke | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PAHs | 61, 120, 176, 211, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.air, | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.food | 68, 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lead | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.male | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oven | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.some | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.they | 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 169, 250 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 10, 146, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Fetal | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Given | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PAHs, | 31, 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.birth | 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.body, | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fused | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.group | 6, 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.human | 43, 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.posed | 247 |
| abstract_inverted_index.risks | 115, 246 |
| abstract_inverted_index.roles | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sperm | 213 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 34, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(PAHs) | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.caused | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.female | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health | 141, 245, 264 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immune | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impact | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impair | 212 |
| abstract_inverted_index.linked | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.males, | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.public | 263 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 24, 170, 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rings, | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safety | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.system | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while, | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worker | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(mainly | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Chronic | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agents. | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ambient | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cooking | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.damage, | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.derived | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disrupt | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.health. | 119, 179, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leading | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.levels. | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organic | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ovarian | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overall | 273 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primary | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promote | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.smoking | 78, 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stress, | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.studies | 29, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suggest | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.various | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.workers | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aromatic | 1, 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.defects. | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure | 59, 148, 152, 231, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.females, | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.focusing | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mitigate | 113, 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pathways | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problems | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reactive | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relevant | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources, | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stresses | 252 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compounds | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discusses | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases, | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.endocrine | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure, | 39, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure. | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensive | 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fertility | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function, | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-risk | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ingestion | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measures, | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.narrative | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oxidative | 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.primarily | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processes | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.safeguard | 117, 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stringent | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Polycyclic | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combustion | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorders. | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disruption | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.importance | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inhalation | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mutagenic, | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.processing | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.recognized | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.appropriate | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cigarettes. | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.compromised | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conditions, | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.detrimental | 244 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emphasizing | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initiatives | 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metabolized | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pollutants. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.respiratory | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.significant | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.teratogenic | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscores | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Furthermore, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.contaminated | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environments | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlighting | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hydrocarbons | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.infertility, | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.miscarriage, | 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.occupational | 38, 101, 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulations, | 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reproductive | 178, 271 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suppression. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques), | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carcinogenic, | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.environmental | 20, 36, 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intermediates | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cardiovascular | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-temperature | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neurodevelopmental | 238 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 99 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5025515562 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 18 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.99991812 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | True |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |