Privacy pitfalls of releasing in-vehicle network data Article Swipe
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565
The ever-increasing volume of vehicular data has enabled different service providers to access and monetize in-vehicle network data of millions of drivers. However, such data often carry personal or even potentially sensitive information, and therefore service providers either need to ask for drivers' consent or anonymize such data in order to comply with data protection regulations. In this paper, we show that both fine-grained consent control as well as the adequate anonymization of in-network vehicular data are very challenging. First, by exploiting that in-vehicle sensor measurements are inherently interdependent, we are able to effectively i) re-identify a driver even from the raw, unprocessed CAN data with 97% accuracy, and ii) reconstruct the vehicle's complete location trajectory knowing only its speed and steering wheel position. Since such signal interdependencies are hard to identify even for data controllers, drivers' consent will arguably not be informed and hence may become invalid. Second, we show that the non-systematic application of different standard anonymization techniques (e.g., aggregation, suppression, signal distortion) often results in volatile, empirical privacy guarantees to the population as a whole but fails to provide a strong, worst-case privacy guarantee to every single individual. Therefore, we advocate the application of principled privacy models (such as Differential Privacy) to anonymize data with strong worst-case guarantee.
Related Topics
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565
- OA Status
- hybrid
- Cited By
- 11
- References
- 70
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4311763315
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4311763315Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Privacy pitfalls of releasing in-vehicle network dataWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-12-09Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
András Gazdag, Szilvia Lestyán, Mina Remeli, Gergely Ács, Tamás Holczer, Gergely BiczókList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
hybridOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Computer science, Service provider, Computer security, Raw data, Differential privacy, Information privacy, Service (business), Interdependence, Order (exchange), Internet privacy, Data mining, Business, Political science, Marketing, Law, Programming language, FinanceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
11Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 3, 2023: 6Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
70Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4311763315 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4311763315 |
| fwci | 1.18411392 |
| type | article |
| title | Privacy pitfalls of releasing in-vehicle network data |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | 39 |
| biblio.last_page | 100565 |
| biblio.first_page | 100565 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10761 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| topics[0].display_name | Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10764 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[1].display_name | Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T13553 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.986299991607666 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1705 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Computer Networks and Communications |
| topics[2].display_name | Age of Information Optimization |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320322193 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/03g2am276 |
| funders[0].display_name | Nemzeti Kutatási és Technológiai Hivatal |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 2550 |
| apc_list.currency | USD |
| apc_list.value_usd | 2550 |
| apc_paid.value | 2550 |
| apc_paid.currency | USD |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 2550 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.790684700012207 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C116537 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6430311799049377 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Service provider |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C38652104 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6232975721359253 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer security |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C132964779 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5711056590080261 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Raw data |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C23130292 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5272337794303894 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Differential privacy |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C123201435 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.47314703464508057 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Information privacy |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2780378061 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4709744453430176 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Service (business) |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C185874996 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4689250588417053 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Interdependence |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C182306322 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.41491737961769104 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Order (exchange) |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C108827166 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.34405335783958435 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Internet privacy |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C124101348 |
| concepts[10].level | 1 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.2457982301712036 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Data mining |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C144133560 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.08557769656181335 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Business |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C162853370 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Marketing |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Law |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C10138342 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Finance |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[0].score | 0.790684700012207 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6430311799049377 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Service provider |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6232975721359253 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer security |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5711056590080261 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Raw data |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5272337794303894 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Differential privacy |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy |
| keywords[5].score | 0.47314703464508057 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Information privacy |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/service |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4709744453430176 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Service (business) |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4689250588417053 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Interdependence |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/order |
| keywords[8].score | 0.41491737961769104 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Order (exchange) |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy |
| keywords[9].score | 0.34405335783958435 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Internet privacy |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining |
| keywords[10].score | 0.2457982301712036 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Data mining |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/business |
| keywords[11].score | 0.08557769656181335 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Business |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2480748589 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2214-2096, 2214-210X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2214-2096 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Vehicular Communications |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Vehicular Communications |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| indexed_in | crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062174035 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-3308 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | András Gazdag |
| authorships[0].countries | HU |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | András Gazdag |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5013637193 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Szilvia Lestyán |
| authorships[1].countries | HU |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Szilvia Lestyán |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5022261435 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Mina Remeli |
| authorships[2].countries | HU |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Mina Remeli |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047386875 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4437-0110 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Gergely Ács |
| authorships[3].countries | HU |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Gergely Ács |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5050897833 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-5397 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Tamás Holczer |
| authorships[4].countries | HU |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Tamás Holczer |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5002026615 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3891-3855 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Gergely Biczók |
| authorships[5].countries | HU |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ELKH-BME Information Systems Research Group, Hungary |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02w42ss30 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | HU |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Budapest University of Technology and Economics |
| authorships[5].author_position | last |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Gergely Biczók |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | CrySyS Lab, Dept. of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary, ELKH-BME Information Systems Research Group, Hungary |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| open_access.oa_status | hybrid |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Privacy pitfalls of releasing in-vehicle network data |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10761 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Engineering |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2208 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
| primary_topic.display_name | Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W3038283795, https://openalex.org/W2604501336, https://openalex.org/W2558166297, https://openalex.org/W2734500670, https://openalex.org/W2315671126, https://openalex.org/W798507144, https://openalex.org/W2964481303, https://openalex.org/W1751413323, https://openalex.org/W1970141429, https://openalex.org/W4391095118 |
| cited_by_count | 11 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 6 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2480748589 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2214-2096, 2214-210X |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2214-2096 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Vehicular Communications |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Vehicular Communications |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S2480748589 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2214-2096, 2214-210X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2214-2096 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Vehicular Communications |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320990 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Elsevier BV |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Vehicular Communications |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vehcom.2022.100565 |
| publication_date | 2022-12-09 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3014648098, https://openalex.org/W2115240023, https://openalex.org/W1972441921, https://openalex.org/W6744483486, https://openalex.org/W6731447177, https://openalex.org/W6846773139, https://openalex.org/W6744574538, https://openalex.org/W6696291275, https://openalex.org/W3108700567, https://openalex.org/W6803346729, https://openalex.org/W6788351675, https://openalex.org/W6797460014, https://openalex.org/W2979997028, https://openalex.org/W2971708404, https://openalex.org/W6734535472, https://openalex.org/W3130982961, https://openalex.org/W6670436224, https://openalex.org/W6740648820, https://openalex.org/W2808853068, https://openalex.org/W2907398461, https://openalex.org/W6760491261, https://openalex.org/W3028885748, https://openalex.org/W6779642138, https://openalex.org/W6658713452, https://openalex.org/W6770317737, https://openalex.org/W2891789701, https://openalex.org/W6745563349, https://openalex.org/W3175018059, https://openalex.org/W6784260067, https://openalex.org/W6750875197, https://openalex.org/W6759891249, https://openalex.org/W2078993594, https://openalex.org/W2117102490, https://openalex.org/W2549766072, https://openalex.org/W6761435333, https://openalex.org/W2477904682, https://openalex.org/W6771872315, https://openalex.org/W6631682507, https://openalex.org/W4237413241, https://openalex.org/W2011095877, https://openalex.org/W6676745924, https://openalex.org/W6639246211, https://openalex.org/W6633508582, https://openalex.org/W6657138077, https://openalex.org/W6685140724, https://openalex.org/W4245158509, https://openalex.org/W2286343943, https://openalex.org/W2145938889, https://openalex.org/W4248587610, https://openalex.org/W4232594142, https://openalex.org/W2656095251, https://openalex.org/W4231205540, https://openalex.org/W4255323654, https://openalex.org/W4205440928, https://openalex.org/W4297803152, https://openalex.org/W4238453152, https://openalex.org/W4241400051, https://openalex.org/W2598591572, https://openalex.org/W2592742990, https://openalex.org/W4236126701, https://openalex.org/W3101650149, https://openalex.org/W4205228770, https://openalex.org/W4240581800, https://openalex.org/W4252937310, https://openalex.org/W4246642235, https://openalex.org/W4241648823, https://openalex.org/W4300446604, https://openalex.org/W4246311223, https://openalex.org/W2950988509, https://openalex.org/W2964092202 |
| referenced_works_count | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 96, 176, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 66, 68, 175, 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.i) | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 48, 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 18, 20, 72, 155, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 28, 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 11, 39, 50, 92, 130, 172, 180, 187, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 59, 89, 149, 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.97% | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CAN | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 13, 33, 108, 120, 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 76, 86, 90, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ask | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 41, 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ii) | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.may | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 69, 100, 111, 152, 173, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.able | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 5, 17, 24, 47, 53, 75, 104, 134, 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.even | 29, 98, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hard | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.need | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.raw, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 60, 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 23, 46, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 61, 82, 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.very | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.well | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 52, 105, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(such | 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Since | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.carry | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.every | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fails | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hence | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 25, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.order | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.speed | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.wheel | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.whole | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g., | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.First, | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.access | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.become | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comply | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.driver | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensor | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.signal | 126, 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.single | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volume | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Second, | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consent | 43, 64, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enabled | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.knowing | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.network | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.privacy | 170, 185, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.service | 9, 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strong, | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Privacy) | 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adequate | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advocate | 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arguably | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complete | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drivers' | 42, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drivers. | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invalid. | 147 |
| abstract_inverted_index.location | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.millions | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.monetize | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.personal | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.steering | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy, | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anonymize | 45, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 8, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.empirical | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guarantee | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.position. | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providers | 10, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sensitive | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therefore | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicle's | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vehicular | 4, 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volatile, | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Therefore, | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exploiting | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guarantee. | 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guarantees | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-network | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in-vehicle | 15, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inherently | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.population | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.principled | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trajectory | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.worst-case | 184, 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 154, 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.distortion) | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effectively | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual. | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potentially | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.re-identify | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reconstruct | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unprocessed | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Differential | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregation, | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenging. | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controllers, | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fine-grained | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.information, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulations. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.suppression, | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anonymization | 71, 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-systematic | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ever-increasing | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interdependent, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interdependencies | 127 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5062174035 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 6 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29770179 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.5600000023841858 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.77078472 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |