Projected impact of biosimilar substitution policies on drug use and costs in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional time series analysis Article Swipe
Tara Gomes
,
Daniel McCormack
,
Sophie A. Kitchen
,
J. Michael Paterson
,
Muhammad Mamdani
,
Laurie Proulx
,
Lorraine Bayliss
,
Mina Tadrous
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091
Policies designed to curb rising costs of biologics can have substantially different effects on patients and government expenditures. Such analyses warrant careful consideration of the balance between cost savings and effects on patients.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091
- https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdf
- OA Status
- diamond
- Cited By
- 8
- References
- 17
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3217724730
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3217724730Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Projected impact of biosimilar substitution policies on drug use and costs in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional time series analysisWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-10-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Tara Gomes, Daniel McCormack, Sophie A. Kitchen, J. Michael Paterson, Muhammad Mamdani, Laurie Proulx, Lorraine Bayliss, Mina TadrousList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
diamondOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Biosimilar, Medicine, Adalimumab, Reimbursement, Infliximab, Pharmacy, Family medicine, Internal medicine, Economic growth, Disease, Economics, Health careTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
8Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2024: 1, 2023: 4, 2022: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
17Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3217724730 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| ids.mag | 3217724730 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34815261 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3217724730 |
| fwci | 0.7225507 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000368 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Aged |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D003362 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | Q000639 |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | trends |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D011307 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Drug Prescriptions |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D011307 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Drug Prescriptions |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | Q000331 |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D004335 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | legislation & jurisprudence |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Drug and Narcotic Control |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D019538 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Health Care Surveys |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D009864 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Ontario |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D012051 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Reimbursement Mechanisms |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| mesh[20].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[20].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[20].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[20].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[21].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[21].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[21].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[21].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[22].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_ui | D000368 |
| mesh[22].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[22].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[22].descriptor_name | Aged |
| mesh[23].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[23].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[23].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[23].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[23].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[24].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[24].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[24].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[24].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[24].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[25].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_ui | D003362 |
| mesh[25].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[25].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[25].descriptor_name | Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| mesh[26].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[26].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[26].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[26].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[27].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[27].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[27].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[27].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[27].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[28].qualifier_ui | Q000639 |
| mesh[28].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[28].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[28].qualifier_name | trends |
| mesh[28].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[29].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[29].descriptor_ui | D011307 |
| mesh[29].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[29].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[29].descriptor_name | Drug Prescriptions |
| mesh[30].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[30].descriptor_ui | D011307 |
| mesh[30].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[30].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[30].descriptor_name | Drug Prescriptions |
| mesh[31].qualifier_ui | Q000331 |
| mesh[31].descriptor_ui | D004335 |
| mesh[31].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[31].qualifier_name | legislation & jurisprudence |
| mesh[31].descriptor_name | Drug and Narcotic Control |
| mesh[32].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[32].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[32].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[32].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[33].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[33].descriptor_ui | D019538 |
| mesh[33].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[33].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[33].descriptor_name | Health Care Surveys |
| mesh[34].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[34].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[34].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[34].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[35].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_ui | D008297 |
| mesh[35].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[35].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[35].descriptor_name | Male |
| mesh[36].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_ui | D008875 |
| mesh[36].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[36].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[36].descriptor_name | Middle Aged |
| mesh[37].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_ui | D009864 |
| mesh[37].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[37].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[37].descriptor_name | Ontario |
| mesh[38].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[38].descriptor_ui | D012051 |
| mesh[38].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[38].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[38].descriptor_name | Reimbursement Mechanisms |
| mesh[39].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[39].descriptor_ui | D055815 |
| mesh[39].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[39].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[39].descriptor_name | Young Adult |
| mesh[40].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_ui | D000293 |
| mesh[40].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[40].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[40].descriptor_name | Adolescent |
| mesh[41].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[41].descriptor_ui | D000328 |
| mesh[41].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[41].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[41].descriptor_name | Adult |
| mesh[42].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[42].descriptor_ui | D000368 |
| mesh[42].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[42].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[42].descriptor_name | Aged |
| mesh[43].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[43].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[43].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[43].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[43].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[44].qualifier_ui | Q000627 |
| mesh[44].descriptor_ui | D059451 |
| mesh[44].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[44].qualifier_name | therapeutic use |
| mesh[44].descriptor_name | Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals |
| mesh[45].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[45].descriptor_ui | D003362 |
| mesh[45].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[45].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[45].descriptor_name | Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| mesh[46].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[46].descriptor_ui | D003430 |
| mesh[46].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[46].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[46].descriptor_name | Cross-Sectional Studies |
| mesh[47].qualifier_ui | Q000706 |
| mesh[47].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[47].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[47].qualifier_name | statistics & numerical data |
| mesh[47].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[48].qualifier_ui | Q000639 |
| mesh[48].descriptor_ui | D016527 |
| mesh[48].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[48].qualifier_name | trends |
| mesh[48].descriptor_name | Drug Costs |
| mesh[49].qualifier_ui | Q000191 |
| mesh[49].descriptor_ui | D011307 |
| mesh[49].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[49].qualifier_name | economics |
| mesh[49].descriptor_name | Drug Prescriptions |
| type | article |
| title | Projected impact of biosimilar substitution policies on drug use and costs in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional time series analysis |
| biblio.issue | 4 |
| biblio.volume | 9 |
| biblio.last_page | E1062 |
| biblio.first_page | E1055 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T12255 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| topics[0].display_name | Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11792 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/20 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Economics, Econometrics and Finance |
| topics[1].score | 0.9955999851226807 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/2 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Social Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2002 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Economics and Econometrics |
| topics[1].display_name | Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12547 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9943000078201294 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2735 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health |
| topics[2].display_name | Pharmaceutical studies and practices |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C59491497 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.9188899993896484 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864715 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Biosimilar |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7762948274612427 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780132546 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.775169312953949 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348260 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Adalimumab |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2779703844 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6428555846214294 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760125 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Reimbursement |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C2777138892 |
| concepts[4].level | 3 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.6335971355438232 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415264 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Infliximab |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C104863432 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4340794086456299 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Pharmacy |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C512399662 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.41486111283302307 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Family medicine |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C126322002 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.21102374792099 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Internal medicine |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C50522688 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.17902803421020508 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Economic growth |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C2779134260 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.11634713411331177 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Disease |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C162324750 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.08798909187316895 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Economics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C160735492 |
| concepts[11].level | 2 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0819355845451355 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Health care |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biosimilar |
| keywords[0].score | 0.9188899993896484 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Biosimilar |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7762948274612427 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/adalimumab |
| keywords[2].score | 0.775169312953949 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Adalimumab |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reimbursement |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6428555846214294 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Reimbursement |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/infliximab |
| keywords[4].score | 0.6335971355438232 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Infliximab |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacy |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4340794086456299 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Pharmacy |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine |
| keywords[6].score | 0.41486111283302307 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Family medicine |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine |
| keywords[7].score | 0.21102374792099 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Internal medicine |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth |
| keywords[8].score | 0.17902803421020508 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Economic growth |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/disease |
| keywords[9].score | 0.11634713411331177 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Disease |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/economics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.08798909187316895 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Economics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care |
| keywords[11].score | 0.0819355845451355 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Health care |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210179117 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2291-0026 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2291-0026 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | CMAJ Open |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Canadian Medical Association |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | CMAJ Open |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:34815261 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | CMAJ open |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34815261 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8612652 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | CMAJ Open |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8612652 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5053276850 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1468-1965 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Tara Gomes |
| authorships[0].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[0].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[0].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[0].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[0].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Tara Gomes |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088545319 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-6427 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Daniel McCormack |
| authorships[1].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[1].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[1].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[1].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[1].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[1].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Daniel McCormack |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047334918 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2428 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Sophie A. Kitchen |
| authorships[2].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[2].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[2].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[2].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[2].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[2].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[2].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Sophie A. Kitchen |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065112154 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1178-8777 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | J. Michael Paterson |
| authorships[3].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[3].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[3].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[3].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[3].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[3].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | J. Michael Paterson |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065468510 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5199-6344 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Muhammad Mamdani |
| authorships[4].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[4].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[4].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[4].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[4].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[4].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[4].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Muhammad M. Mamdani |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5067518918 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1656-0371 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Laurie Proulx |
| authorships[5].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[5].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[5].affiliations[4].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[5].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[5].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[5].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Laurie Proulx |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062293643 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Lorraine Bayliss |
| authorships[6].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[6].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[6].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[6].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[6].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[6].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Lorraine Bayliss |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036298172 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1911-6129 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Mina Tadrous |
| authorships[7].countries | CA, IE |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Canada |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I185261750, https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[7].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2801816099, https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| authorships[7].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont. |
| authorships[7].affiliations[4].raw_affiliation_string | ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous) |
| authorships[7].affiliations[5].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[5].raw_affiliation_string | Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/041b8zc76 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | nonprofit |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210149587 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Institute for Work & Health |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02fa3aq29 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I98251732 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | McMaster University |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/00r36fk75 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].type | facility |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210093557 |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[2].display_name | Ontario Drug Policy Research Network |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].id | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].ror | https://ror.org/03dbr7087 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].lineage | https://openalex.org/I185261750 |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[3].display_name | University of Toronto |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].id | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].ror | https://ror.org/03cw63y62 |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2801816099 |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].country_code | CA |
| authorships[7].institutions[4].display_name | Women's College Hospital |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].id | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].ror | https://ror.org/008te2062 |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].type | healthcare |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210089665 |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].country_code | IE |
| authorships[7].institutions[5].display_name | St Michael’s Hospital |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Mina Tadrous |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Canada, Department of Family Medicine (Paterson), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., ICES (Gomes, McCormack, Paterson, Mamdani, Tadrous), Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (Gomes, Paterson, Mamdani), and the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy (Gomes, Mamdani, Tadrous) at the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Unity Health Toronto and the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute (Gomes, Kitchen, Mamdani), St. Michael’s Hospital, Women’s College Hospital (Tadrous), Ontario Drug Policy Research Network (Gomes, McCormack, Kitchen, Paterson, Mamdani, Proulx, Bayliss, Tadrous), Toronto, Ont. |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | diamond |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Projected impact of biosimilar substitution policies on drug use and costs in Ontario, Canada: a cross-sectional time series analysis |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T12255 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/24 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Immunology and Microbiology |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2403 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Immunology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Biosimilars and Bioanalytical Methods |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W1981336058, https://openalex.org/W2077942718, https://openalex.org/W2774189845, https://openalex.org/W2587157414, https://openalex.org/W2924476097, https://openalex.org/W3010465489, https://openalex.org/W2755604283, https://openalex.org/W1992628263, https://openalex.org/W1588288904, https://openalex.org/W3149869290 |
| cited_by_count | 8 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210179117 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2291-0026 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2291-0026 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | CMAJ Open |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Canadian Medical Association |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | CMAJ Open |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210179117 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2291-0026 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2291-0026 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | CMAJ Open |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Canadian Medical Association |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320072 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.cmajopen.ca/content/cmajo/9/4/E1055.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | CMAJ Open |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20210091 |
| publication_date | 2021-10-01 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3002972298, https://openalex.org/W2969256165, https://openalex.org/W3002426265, https://openalex.org/W100013426, https://openalex.org/W6603992985, https://openalex.org/W2984758728, https://openalex.org/W1590582932, https://openalex.org/W2778747082, https://openalex.org/W2948029307, https://openalex.org/W2073436369, https://openalex.org/W2899378522, https://openalex.org/W2770060262, https://openalex.org/W3013248954, https://openalex.org/W3014370677, https://openalex.org/W3084337600, https://openalex.org/W2792366488, https://openalex.org/W2898624288 |
| referenced_works_count | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 13, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Such | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cost | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.curb | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.costs | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rising | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.balance | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.careful | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.effects | 12, 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.savings | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.warrant | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Policies | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analyses | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.designed | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biologics | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.different | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients. | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.government | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consideration | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expenditures. | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.substantially | 10 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 90 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4000000059604645 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Partnerships for the goals |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.65227026 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |