Protective Effects of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Impairment Article Swipe
Majid Eslami
,
Laleh Khorshidi
,
Maryam Ghasemi
,
Amir Rashidian
,
Mahdi Mirghazanfari
,
Akram Nezhadi
,
Mohsen Chamanara
,
Ruhollah Mirjani
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-420208/v1
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-420208/v1
3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or "Ecstasy", which has been used for recreational purposes, is shown to cause learning and memory impairment. Statins, beyond their efficient cholesterol-lowering action through inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-COA) reductase, possess multiple neuroprotective impacts referred to as pleiotropic effects. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the protective effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in MDMA-induced neurotoxicity. Adult male Wistar rats received atorvastatin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg; orally) and rosuvastatin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg; orally) for 21 consecutive days. Then, Morris water maze (MWM) was performed to examine learning and memory functions. Rats were injected with MDMA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg; I.P) 30 min before training sessions in 4 training days of MWM task. Afterward, rats were sacrificed under general anesthesia and their hippocampuses were dissected to evaluate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and caspase-3 and -9 activities. Our Findings showed that MDMA impaired spatial memory functions and dramatically upregulated ROS production, LPO, and caspase-3 and 9 activities. Also, atorvastatin (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) and rosuvastatin (20 mg/kg) significantly improved memory performances and inhibited upregulation of ROS, LPO, and caspase-3 and -9 activities induced by MDMA. In conclusion, the amelioration of MDMA-induced memory impairment and hippocampal apoptosis through atorvastatin and rosuvastatin could be accredited to the observed suppression of ROS production, LPO, and caspase-3 and -9 activities, since excessive exposure of hippocampus to oxidative stress enhanced apoptotic caspases activities, promoted to neuronal apoptosis.
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Metadata
- Type
- preprint
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-420208/v1
- https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-420208/latest.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- References
- 52
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4255462369
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
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https://openalex.org/W4255462369Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
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https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-420208/v1Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Protective Effects of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin on 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory ImpairmentWork title
- Type
-
preprintOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-04-19Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Majid Eslami, Laleh Khorshidi, Maryam Ghasemi, Amir Rashidian, Mahdi Mirghazanfari, Akram Nezhadi, Mohsen Chamanara, Ruhollah MirjaniList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-420208/v1Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
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https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-420208/latest.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
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YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-420208/latest.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
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Rosuvastatin, MDMA, Atorvastatin, Memory impairment, Pharmacology, Spatial learning, Medicine, Psychology, Internal medicine, Neuroscience, Hippocampus, CognitionTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
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0Total citation count in OpenAlex
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52Number of works referenced by this work
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10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
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| publication_date | 2021-04-19 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
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