Protein-Bound Nano-Injectable Suspension: Unveiling the Promises and Challenges Article Swipe
Eknath D. Ahire
,
Namrata Savaliya
,
Kalarav V. Makwana
,
Sagar Salave
,
Mandeep Kaur Banth
,
Bhavesh Bhavsar
,
Dignesh Khunt
,
Bhupendra G. Prajapati
·
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009
YOU?
·
· 2025
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009
Protein-bound nano-injectable solutions represent a cutting-edge advancement in nanomedicine, offering a versatile platform for precise and controlled drug delivery. By leveraging the biocompatibility and functional versatility of proteins such as albumin, gelatin, and casein, these nano systems enhance drug solubility, prolong circulation time, and improve site-specific targeting, which are particularly beneficial in cancer and inflammatory diseases. This review provides a comprehensive overview of their formulation strategies, physicochemical characteristics, and biological behavior. Emphasis is placed on therapeutic applications, regulatory considerations, fabrication techniques, and the underlying mechanisms of drug–protein interactions. This review also highlights improved pharmacokinetics and reduced systemic toxicity, while also critically addressing challenges like immunogenicity, protein instability, and production scalability. Recent FDA-approved formulations and emerging innovations in precision medicine and theranostics underscore the transformative potential of protein-based nanosuspensions in next-generation drug delivery systems.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009
- https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 109
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4411001074
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4411001074Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Protein-Bound Nano-Injectable Suspension: Unveiling the Promises and ChallengesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2025Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2025-05-30Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Eknath D. Ahire, Namrata Savaliya, Kalarav V. Makwana, Sagar Salave, Mandeep Kaur Banth, Bhavesh Bhavsar, Dignesh Khunt, Bhupendra G. PrajapatiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430Direct link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Nano-, Suspension (topology), Nanotechnology, Chemistry, Materials science, Chemical engineering, Engineering, Mathematics, Pure mathematics, HomotopyTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 5Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
109Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4411001074 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4411001074 |
| fwci | 9.59549076 |
| type | article |
| title | Protein-Bound Nano-Injectable Suspension: Unveiling the Promises and Challenges |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 6 |
| biblio.last_page | 9 |
| biblio.first_page | 9 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10859 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2508 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Surfaces, Coatings and Films |
| topics[0].display_name | Polymer Surface Interaction Studies |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10063 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Materials Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9987999796867371 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2502 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Biomaterials |
| topics[1].display_name | Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12224 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/22 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Engineering |
| topics[2].score | 0.9987000226974487 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2204 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Biomedical Engineering |
| topics[2].display_name | Nanofabrication and Lithography Techniques |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1000 |
| apc_list.currency | CHF |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1082 |
| apc_paid.value | 1000 |
| apc_paid.currency | CHF |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1082 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2780357685 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.619131326675415 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154357 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Nano- |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C105341887 |
| concepts[1].level | 3 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5324405431747437 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Suspension (topology) |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C171250308 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5152921676635742 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[3].level | 0 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.36983346939086914 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C192562407 |
| concepts[4].level | 0 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.31185200810432434 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Materials science |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C42360764 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.2927064597606659 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.23360392451286316 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[7].level | 0 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.08867257833480835 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C202444582 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Pure mathematics |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C5961521 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746083 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Homotopy |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nano |
| keywords[0].score | 0.619131326675415 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Nano- |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/suspension |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5324405431747437 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Suspension (topology) |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5152921676635742 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Nanotechnology |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[3].score | 0.36983346939086914 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science |
| keywords[4].score | 0.31185200810432434 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Materials science |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering |
| keywords[5].score | 0.2927064597606659 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Chemical engineering |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[6].score | 0.23360392451286316 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.08867257833480835 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Mathematics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210190323 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2673-3501 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2673-3501 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Applied Nano |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430 |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Applied Nano |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dbec2b7affa34f15aad2f07352ec6e47 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Applied Nano, Vol 6, Iss 2, p 9 (2025) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/dbec2b7affa34f15aad2f07352ec6e47 |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047507564 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6542-884X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Eknath D. Ahire |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Eknath D. Ahire |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Nashik 422003, Maharashtra, India |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5117818194 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Namrata Savaliya |
| authorships[1].countries | IN |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/059x8vm09 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Gujarat Technological University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Namrata Savaliya |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5117818195 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Kalarav V. Makwana |
| authorships[2].countries | IN |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210108063 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Vidman Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd., Ahmedabad 380061, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210108063 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yknwh75 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | company |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210108063 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Cadila Pharmaceuticals (India) |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Kalarav V. Makwana |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Vidman Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd., Ahmedabad 380061, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5086789236 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3000-1998 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sagar Salave |
| authorships[3].countries | IN |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210102411 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210102411 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01dphnv87 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | government |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210102411 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sagar Salave |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5117818196 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Mandeep Kaur Banth |
| authorships[4].countries | IN |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/059x8vm09 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | Gujarat Technological University |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Mandeep Kaur Banth |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5062649416 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Bhavesh Bhavsar |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Dynamic Biologics Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Bhavesh Bhavsar |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Dynamic Biologics Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5016791460 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-7468 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Dignesh Khunt |
| authorships[6].countries | IN |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/059x8vm09 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I29563240 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | Gujarat Technological University |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Dignesh Khunt |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technological University, Gandhinagar 382028, Gujarat, India |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5048086609 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8242-4541 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Bhupendra G. Prajapati |
| authorships[7].countries | IN, TH |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I86677382 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/057d6z539 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I74319210 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | IN |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Chitkara University |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I86677382 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/02d0tyt78 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I86677382 |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].country_code | TH |
| authorships[7].institutions[1].display_name | Silpakorn University |
| authorships[7].author_position | last |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Bhupendra G. Prajapati |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Protein-Bound Nano-Injectable Suspension: Unveiling the Promises and Challenges |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10859 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/25 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Materials Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9991000294685364 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2508 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Surfaces, Coatings and Films |
| primary_topic.display_name | Polymer Surface Interaction Studies |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4387497383, https://openalex.org/W2948807893, https://openalex.org/W2899084033, https://openalex.org/W2778153218, https://openalex.org/W2748952813, https://openalex.org/W1531601525, https://openalex.org/W4391375266, https://openalex.org/W2078814861, https://openalex.org/W2527526854, https://openalex.org/W2547733110 |
| cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 5 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210190323 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2673-3501 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2673-3501 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Applied Nano |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430 |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Applied Nano |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4210190323 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2673-3501 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2673-3501 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Applied Nano |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310310987 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3501/6/2/9/pdf?version=1748611430 |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Applied Nano |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano6020009 |
| publication_date | 2025-05-30 |
| publication_year | 2025 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W3158849527, https://openalex.org/W1976915466, https://openalex.org/W4292210573, https://openalex.org/W2548947765, https://openalex.org/W2116670113, https://openalex.org/W2795074910, https://openalex.org/W2056211275, https://openalex.org/W2346576309, https://openalex.org/W1990450973, https://openalex.org/W2023250799, https://openalex.org/W4221032937, https://openalex.org/W4319597444, https://openalex.org/W4285587386, https://openalex.org/W4312592908, https://openalex.org/W2581179307, https://openalex.org/W2095412415, https://openalex.org/W2043106306, https://openalex.org/W4200113450, https://openalex.org/W2761942851, https://openalex.org/W2088550778, https://openalex.org/W2036903274, https://openalex.org/W4311901690, https://openalex.org/W4391386662, https://openalex.org/W4367312050, https://openalex.org/W2012557883, https://openalex.org/W2461509262, https://openalex.org/W3196123505, https://openalex.org/W4220847494, https://openalex.org/W4313201789, https://openalex.org/W3213198369, https://openalex.org/W4381617899, https://openalex.org/W4289653737, https://openalex.org/W3097143966, https://openalex.org/W4408490660, https://openalex.org/W4212814024, https://openalex.org/W2468581871, https://openalex.org/W4402507123, https://openalex.org/W2070003597, https://openalex.org/W4308720174, https://openalex.org/W2076226743, https://openalex.org/W2976599586, https://openalex.org/W1975088956, https://openalex.org/W4396919457, https://openalex.org/W2090857211, https://openalex.org/W4391364470, https://openalex.org/W1992891617, https://openalex.org/W2796944494, https://openalex.org/W3083758106, https://openalex.org/W2945443333, https://openalex.org/W4296984362, https://openalex.org/W4319158641, https://openalex.org/W4232066632, https://openalex.org/W4392824345, https://openalex.org/W3131316696, https://openalex.org/W2087853371, https://openalex.org/W4225138738, https://openalex.org/W3157979366, https://openalex.org/W2092074367, https://openalex.org/W4399784069, https://openalex.org/W4210500364, https://openalex.org/W4402068829, https://openalex.org/W2955054605, https://openalex.org/W3117962027, https://openalex.org/W4409526867, https://openalex.org/W4385330196, https://openalex.org/W4375867030, https://openalex.org/W4401579640, https://openalex.org/W2414781026, https://openalex.org/W4322502434, https://openalex.org/W2025412831, https://openalex.org/W2087032263, https://openalex.org/W1986183374, https://openalex.org/W1869998042, https://openalex.org/W1985941856, https://openalex.org/W2053727980, https://openalex.org/W2765085286, https://openalex.org/W2130384225, https://openalex.org/W2799710201, https://openalex.org/W2090287654, https://openalex.org/W2040610979, https://openalex.org/W4406783052, https://openalex.org/W4283319391, https://openalex.org/W4392103503, https://openalex.org/W2980433765, https://openalex.org/W2110115130, https://openalex.org/W4399503873, https://openalex.org/W4366236235, https://openalex.org/W3153113290, https://openalex.org/W4210270143, https://openalex.org/W2555156914, https://openalex.org/W4353014833, https://openalex.org/W2090866080, https://openalex.org/W4405613007, https://openalex.org/W3158134335, https://openalex.org/W3196552970, https://openalex.org/W2542816041, https://openalex.org/W4360983085, https://openalex.org/W2784030537, https://openalex.org/W4408158807, https://openalex.org/W4407399820, https://openalex.org/W2068812539, https://openalex.org/W2508413003, https://openalex.org/W2036948210, https://openalex.org/W2094305477, https://openalex.org/W2074544404, https://openalex.org/W2149981547, https://openalex.org/W2978885324, https://openalex.org/W4401209403, https://openalex.org/W4408573565 |
| referenced_works_count | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 4, 10, 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.By | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 51, 116, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 26, 62, 85, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 15, 23, 32, 43, 53, 68, 81, 94, 107, 113, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 21, 82, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 56, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 90, 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drug | 17, 38, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.like | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nano | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time, | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.while | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Recent | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cancer | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.placed | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 57, 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.casein, | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhance | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improve | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precise | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prolong | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduced | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Emphasis | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.albumin, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivery | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emerging | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gelatin, | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improved | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.medicine | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.offering | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.overview | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provides | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systemic | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.behavior. | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.delivery. | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.diseases. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.represent | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solutions | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.toxicity, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versatile | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.addressing | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.beneficial | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biological | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.challenges | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.critically | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.functional | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.highlights | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.leveraging | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanisms | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.production | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulatory | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeting, | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underlying | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.underscore | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.advancement | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.circulation | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fabrication | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulation | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.innovations | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.solubility, | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies, | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.techniques, | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapeutic | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.versatility | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FDA-approved | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cutting-edge | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formulations | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.inflammatory | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.instability, | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particularly | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalability. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theranostics | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Protein-bound | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.applications, | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comprehensive | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanomedicine, | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein-based | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.site-specific | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.drug–protein | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.transformative | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.considerations, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.immunogenicity, | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nano-injectable | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nanosuspensions | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.next-generation | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicochemical | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biocompatibility | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characteristics, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pharmacokinetics | 93 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 98 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 8 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.95525261 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |