Protein Condensate Formation via Controlled Multimerization of Intrinsically Disordered Sequences Article Swipe
Mikael V. Garabedian
,
Zhihui Su
,
Jorge Dabdoub
,
Michelle Tong
,
Alexander Deiters
,
Daniel A. Hammer
,
Matthew C. Good
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250
Many proteins harboring low complexity or intrinsically disordered sequences (IDRs) are capable of undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation to form mesoscale condensates that function as biochemical niches with the ability to concentrate or sequester macromolecules and regulate cellular activity. Engineered disordered proteins have been used to generate programmable synthetic membraneless organelles in cells. Phase separation is governed by the strength of interactions among polypeptides with multivalency enhancing phase separation at lower concentrations. Previously, we and others demonstrated enzymatic control of IDR valency from multivalent precursors to dissolve condensed phases. Here, we develop noncovalent strategies to multimerize an individual IDR, the RGG domain of LAF-1, using protein interaction domains to regulate condensate formation in vitro and in living cells. First, we characterize modular dimerization of RGG domains at either terminus using cognate high-affinity coiled-coil pairs to form stable condensates in vitro. Second, we demonstrate temporal control over phase separation of RGG domains fused to FRB and FKBP in the presence of dimerizer. Further, using a photocaged dimerizer, we achieve optically induced condensation both in cell-sized emulsions and within live cells. Collectively, these modular tools allow multiple strategies to promote phase separation of a common core IDR for tunable control of condensate assembly.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 27
- References
- 77
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4289519595
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4289519595Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Protein Condensate Formation via Controlled Multimerization of Intrinsically Disordered SequencesWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-08-02Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Mikael V. Garabedian, Zhihui Su, Jorge Dabdoub, Michelle Tong, Alexander Deiters, Daniel A. Hammer, Matthew C. GoodList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879590Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Intrinsically disordered proteins, Chemistry, Biophysics, Phase (matter), Organelle, Cytoplasm, In vitro, Function (biology), Biochemistry, Cell biology, Biology, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
27Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 16, 2024: 4, 2023: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
77Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4289519595 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35918061 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4289519595 |
| fwci | 3.32286727 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D064267 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Intrinsically Disordered Proteins |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D044367 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Phase Transition |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D000072417 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Protein Domains |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D001669 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Biochemical Phenomena |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D014176 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Protein Biosynthesis |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | Q000737 |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D064267 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | chemistry |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Intrinsically Disordered Proteins |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D044367 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Phase Transition |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D000072417 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Protein Domains |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D001669 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Biochemical Phenomena |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D014176 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Protein Biosynthesis |
| type | article |
| title | Protein Condensate Formation via Controlled Multimerization of Intrinsically Disordered Sequences |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G1741184883 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320337363 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | EB028320 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G5119912639 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320337480 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | DE-SC0007063 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | Basic Energy Sciences |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G1619154219 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320337367 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | DMR1720530 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | Division of Materials Research |
| awards[3].id | https://openalex.org/G4935859034 |
| awards[3].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320337393 |
| awards[3].display_name | |
| awards[3].funder_award_id | CHE-1404836 |
| awards[3].funder_display_name | Division of Chemistry |
| biblio.issue | 22 |
| biblio.volume | 61 |
| biblio.last_page | 2481 |
| biblio.first_page | 2470 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10604 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].score | 1.0 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[0].display_name | RNA Research and Splicing |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T11841 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].score | 0.9940999746322632 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[1].display_name | Nuclear Structure and Function |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11482 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].score | 0.991100013256073 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| topics[2].display_name | RNA modifications and cancer |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320337363 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/00372qc85 |
| funders[0].display_name | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320337367 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/01pc7k308 |
| funders[1].display_name | Division of Materials Research |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320337393 |
| funders[2].ror | https://ror.org/01ar8dr59 |
| funders[2].display_name | Division of Chemistry |
| funders[3].id | https://openalex.org/F4320337480 |
| funders[3].ror | https://ror.org/05mg91w61 |
| funders[3].display_name | Basic Energy Sciences |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C2778815515 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7073861360549927 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3408242 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Intrinsically disordered proteins |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6196879744529724 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C12554922 |
| concepts[2].level | 1 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5841108560562134 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Biophysics |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C44280652 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.49094870686531067 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Phase (matter) |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C168240541 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.4828939437866211 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45948 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Organelle |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C190062978 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4554821848869324 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Cytoplasm |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C202751555 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4547845125198364 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681 |
| concepts[6].display_name | In vitro |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C14036430 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.42337608337402344 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Function (biology) |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C55493867 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.25425243377685547 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Biochemistry |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C95444343 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.2378104329109192 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Cell biology |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C86803240 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.13533300161361694 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Biology |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/intrinsically-disordered-proteins |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7073861360549927 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Intrinsically disordered proteins |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6196879744529724 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Chemistry |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biophysics |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5841108560562134 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Biophysics |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/phase |
| keywords[3].score | 0.49094870686531067 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Phase (matter) |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/organelle |
| keywords[4].score | 0.4828939437866211 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Organelle |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cytoplasm |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4554821848869324 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Cytoplasm |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vitro |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4547845125198364 |
| keywords[6].display_name | In vitro |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/function |
| keywords[7].score | 0.42337608337402344 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Function (biology) |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry |
| keywords[8].score | 0.25425243377685547 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Biochemistry |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-biology |
| keywords[9].score | 0.2378104329109192 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Cell biology |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/biology |
| keywords[10].score | 0.13533300161361694 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Biology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| locations[0].is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S104038378 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0006-2960, 1520-4995, 1943-295X |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0006-2960 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Biochemistry |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Chemical Society |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Biochemistry |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35918061 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Biochemistry |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35918061 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1879590 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879590 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1898592 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[3].license | |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | |
| locations[3].license_id | |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1898592 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1991577 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| locations[4].license | |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | |
| locations[4].license_id | |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1991577 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9669173 |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[5].license | |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | Text |
| locations[5].license_id | |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Biochemistry |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9669173 |
| indexed_in | crossref, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5047960823 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7826-7491 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Mikael V. Garabedian |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Mikael V. Garabedian |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5075290468 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-5280 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Zhihui Su |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Zhihui Su |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068980741 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Jorge Dabdoub |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Jorge Dabdoub |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5046440736 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Michelle Tong |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Michelle Tong |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5028438386 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0234-9209 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Alexander Deiters |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I170201317 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 15260, United States |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I170201317 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01an3r305 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I170201317 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pittsburgh |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Alexander Deiters |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 15260, United States |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059067804 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-3154 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Daniel A. Hammer |
| authorships[5].countries | US |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Daniel A. Hammer |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5088939845 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6367-1034 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Matthew C. Good |
| authorships[6].countries | US |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[6].author_position | last |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Matthew C. Good |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879590 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Protein Condensate Formation via Controlled Multimerization of Intrinsically Disordered Sequences |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10604 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/13 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.score | 1.0 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/1 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Life Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1312 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Molecular Biology |
| primary_topic.display_name | RNA Research and Splicing |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W4293203577, https://openalex.org/W4288038979, https://openalex.org/W1979374213, https://openalex.org/W2060189946, https://openalex.org/W2042187600, https://openalex.org/W2964159616, https://openalex.org/W2300545781, https://openalex.org/W4232063295, https://openalex.org/W1597863669, https://openalex.org/W2365314293 |
| cited_by_count | 27 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 16 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 7 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:osti.gov:1879590 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306402487 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | False |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Office of Scientific and Technical Information |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I139351228 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1879590 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| primary_location.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S104038378 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0006-2960, 1520-4995, 1943-295X |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0006-2960 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Biochemistry |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320006 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Chemical Society |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Biochemistry |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00250 |
| publication_date | 2022-08-02 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2747187816, https://openalex.org/W2139066576, https://openalex.org/W2792129356, https://openalex.org/W2884082692, https://openalex.org/W2054352933, https://openalex.org/W2111796925, https://openalex.org/W2713865210, https://openalex.org/W2914907359, https://openalex.org/W3164397064, https://openalex.org/W2966973269, https://openalex.org/W2402791934, https://openalex.org/W1635552303, https://openalex.org/W2168639701, https://openalex.org/W2809057270, https://openalex.org/W2968775930, https://openalex.org/W2103739793, https://openalex.org/W2590568317, https://openalex.org/W1912455695, https://openalex.org/W3212121034, https://openalex.org/W2884216445, https://openalex.org/W3093248066, https://openalex.org/W2461977200, https://openalex.org/W2467565876, https://openalex.org/W1800445960, https://openalex.org/W2102898524, https://openalex.org/W2767564861, https://openalex.org/W4220660086, https://openalex.org/W3187270259, https://openalex.org/W3132553925, https://openalex.org/W2989157079, https://openalex.org/W2985592471, https://openalex.org/W3097524553, https://openalex.org/W3037582659, https://openalex.org/W2786688711, https://openalex.org/W2085978470, https://openalex.org/W3038184119, https://openalex.org/W3212759171, https://openalex.org/W2801295120, https://openalex.org/W3046463281, https://openalex.org/W3160812560, https://openalex.org/W2883157480, https://openalex.org/W2773441481, https://openalex.org/W2943553643, https://openalex.org/W3038470619, https://openalex.org/W2150028503, https://openalex.org/W2801265297, https://openalex.org/W1980858525, https://openalex.org/W2226587786, https://openalex.org/W3008604026, https://openalex.org/W3022557047, https://openalex.org/W2169727673, https://openalex.org/W2073184464, https://openalex.org/W3133945223, https://openalex.org/W3126579018, https://openalex.org/W212599732, https://openalex.org/W2997938055, https://openalex.org/W2566521622, https://openalex.org/W2902026154, https://openalex.org/W3037436725, https://openalex.org/W2943858683, https://openalex.org/W2890801253, https://openalex.org/W2155277330, https://openalex.org/W2179320375, https://openalex.org/W2963418941, https://openalex.org/W2963671418, https://openalex.org/W2765373652, https://openalex.org/W2069694930, https://openalex.org/W2942327095, https://openalex.org/W3027267713, https://openalex.org/W2084427297, https://openalex.org/W3041271009, https://openalex.org/W2897396922, https://openalex.org/W3127276052, https://openalex.org/W2087208805, https://openalex.org/W4226236855, https://openalex.org/W2080703391, https://openalex.org/W2314659927 |
| referenced_works_count | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 162, 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 68, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 50, 111, 114, 137, 155, 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 12, 59, 78, 101, 122, 147, 158, 189, 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.or | 5, 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 17, 29, 44, 84, 93, 107, 133, 151, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 72, 89, 118, 140, 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FRB | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IDR | 79, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.RGG | 99, 123, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 34, 73, 113, 153, 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.low | 3 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 27, 57, 98, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.FKBP | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.IDR, | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Many | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.form | 18, 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.have | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.live | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.over | 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.used | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 26, 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Phase | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allow | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.among | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fused | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lower | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pairs | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 15, 66, 145, 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 179 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tools | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 103, 128, 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(IDRs) | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.First, | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.LAF-1, | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 51, 116, 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.common | 191 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domain | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.either | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.living | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.niches | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.others | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stable | 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vitro. | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.within | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Second, | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ability | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.achieve | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.capable | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cognate | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.control | 77, 143, 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.develop | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.domains | 106, 124, 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.induced | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modular | 120, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phases. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promote | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protein | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.tunable | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valency | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Further, | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cellular | 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissolve | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.function | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.governed | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multiple | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.presence | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proteins | 1, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulate | 35, 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strength | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.temporal | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.terminus | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.activity. | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assembly. | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condensed | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.emulsions | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enhancing | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.enzymatic | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.formation | 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.harboring | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mesoscale | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.optically | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequences | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sequester | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.synthetic | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Engineered | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cell-sized | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condensate | 109, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimerizer, | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimerizer. | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disordered | 7, 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.individual | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.organelles | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photocaged | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precursors | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.separation | 16, 53, 67, 146, 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.strategies | 92, 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.undergoing | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Previously, | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.biochemical | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coiled-coil | 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrate | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condensates | 20, 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrate | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interaction | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multimerize | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multivalent | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.noncovalent | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.characterize | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condensation | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimerization | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interactions | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.membraneless | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.multivalency | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.polypeptides | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.programmable | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Collectively, | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.high-affinity | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intrinsically | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.liquid-liquid | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.macromolecules | 33 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concentrations. | 70 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 100 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 97 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5088939845 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 7 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.90442337 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |