Protocol for development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in melasma Article Swipe
Sarah A. Ibrahim
,
Bianca Y. Kang
,
Daniel I. Schlessinger
,
Sarah G. Chiren
,
Jennifer Tang
,
Jamie J Kirkham
,
Jochen Schmitt
,
Emily Poon
,
Ian A. Maher
,
Joseph F. Sobanko
,
Todd V. Cartee
,
Murad Alam
·
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953
YOU?
·
· 2022
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953
Introduction Melasma is a pigmentation disorder of the skin. Characterised by brown to gray-brown patches on the face and neck, the condition predominantly affects women and has been associated with pregnancy, hormonal variation and sun exposure. Melasma can be disfiguring and anxiety-provoking, and quality of life is often adversely impacted. Management includes sun protection, laser and energy device therapy, topical and oral skin-bleaching agents and chemical peels. While clinical trials of melasma exist, there is a lack of consistency in reported outcomes, which has been a barrier to the aggregation of data in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This protocol describes a planned process for development of a minimum set of outcomes (ie, ‘core outcome set’) that should be measured in all clinical trials of melasma. Methods and analysis An exhaustive list of potential outcomes will be extracted from four sources: (1) systematic literature review of outcomes in clinical trials; (2) semistructured patient interviews; (3) brochures, pamphlets, clinical trial registries, and other published and unpublished sources and documentation; and (4) interviews with non-patient, non-physician stakeholders, including federal regulators, industry scientists and non-physician providers. An international two-round Delphi process will then be performed to identify the outcomes deemed most important to patients and physicians. Subsequently, a consensus meeting will be convened to review and process the results, and to vote on a final set of core outcomes. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval was provided by the Northwestern University Institutional Review Board (protocol ID: STU00201637). This study is registered with both the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials and Cochrane Skin-Core Outcome Set Initiative initiatives, and this protocol is in accordance with the guidelines for protocol development of both groups. All findings from the study described in this protocol will be disseminated to all stakeholders involved in the development process and will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020214189.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953
- https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdf
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 5
- References
- 30
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W4210323669
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W4210323669Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Protocol for development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in melasmaWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2022Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2022-02-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Sarah A. Ibrahim, Bianca Y. Kang, Daniel I. Schlessinger, Sarah G. Chiren, Jennifer Tang, Jamie J Kirkham, Jochen Schmitt, Emily Poon, Ian A. Maher, Joseph F. Sobanko, Todd V. Cartee, Murad AlamList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953Publisher landing page
- PDF URL
-
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdfDirect link to full text PDF
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Medicine, Melasma, Protocol (science), Clinical trial, Delphi method, Family medicine, MEDLINE, Documentation, Alternative medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Research ethics, Dermatology, Surgery, Psychiatry, Pathology, Law, Programming language, Political science, Mathematics, Statistics, Computer scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
5Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2024: 2, 2023: 2, 2022: 1Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
30Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W4210323669 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| ids.pmid | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35121595 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W4210323669 |
| fwci | 1.25841018 |
| mesh[0].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_ui | D003697 |
| mesh[0].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[0].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[0].descriptor_name | Delphi Technique |
| mesh[1].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[1].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[1].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[1].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[2].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[2].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[2].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[2].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[3].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[3].descriptor_ui | D008548 |
| mesh[3].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[3].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[3].descriptor_name | Melanosis |
| mesh[4].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[4].descriptor_ui | D017063 |
| mesh[4].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[4].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[4].descriptor_name | Outcome Assessment, Health Care |
| mesh[5].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_ui | D011247 |
| mesh[5].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[5].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[5].descriptor_name | Pregnancy |
| mesh[6].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_ui | D011788 |
| mesh[6].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[6].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[6].descriptor_name | Quality of Life |
| mesh[7].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_ui | D012107 |
| mesh[7].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[7].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[7].descriptor_name | Research Design |
| mesh[8].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_ui | D000078202 |
| mesh[8].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[8].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[8].descriptor_name | Systematic Reviews as Topic |
| mesh[9].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_ui | D016896 |
| mesh[9].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[9].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[9].descriptor_name | Treatment Outcome |
| mesh[10].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_ui | D003697 |
| mesh[10].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[10].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[10].descriptor_name | Delphi Technique |
| mesh[11].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_ui | D005260 |
| mesh[11].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[11].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[11].descriptor_name | Female |
| mesh[12].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_ui | D006801 |
| mesh[12].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[12].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[12].descriptor_name | Humans |
| mesh[13].qualifier_ui | Q000628 |
| mesh[13].descriptor_ui | D008548 |
| mesh[13].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[13].qualifier_name | therapy |
| mesh[13].descriptor_name | Melanosis |
| mesh[14].qualifier_ui | Q000379 |
| mesh[14].descriptor_ui | D017063 |
| mesh[14].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[14].qualifier_name | methods |
| mesh[14].descriptor_name | Outcome Assessment, Health Care |
| mesh[15].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_ui | D011247 |
| mesh[15].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[15].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[15].descriptor_name | Pregnancy |
| mesh[16].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_ui | D011788 |
| mesh[16].is_major_topic | True |
| mesh[16].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[16].descriptor_name | Quality of Life |
| mesh[17].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_ui | D012107 |
| mesh[17].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[17].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[17].descriptor_name | Research Design |
| mesh[18].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_ui | D000078202 |
| mesh[18].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[18].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[18].descriptor_name | Systematic Reviews as Topic |
| mesh[19].qualifier_ui | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_ui | D016896 |
| mesh[19].is_major_topic | False |
| mesh[19].qualifier_name | |
| mesh[19].descriptor_name | Treatment Outcome |
| type | article |
| title | Protocol for development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in melasma |
| biblio.issue | 2 |
| biblio.volume | 12 |
| biblio.last_page | e046953 |
| biblio.first_page | e046953 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10418 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[0].score | 0.9710999727249146 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2745 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Rheumatology |
| topics[0].display_name | Pelvic floor disorders treatments |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10935 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[1].score | 0.9593999981880188 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2743 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Reproductive Medicine |
| topics[1].display_name | Endometriosis Research and Treatment |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T11453 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Medicine |
| topics[2].score | 0.9541000127792358 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2746 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Surgery |
| topics[2].display_name | Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1500 |
| apc_list.currency | GBP |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1839 |
| apc_paid.value | 1500 |
| apc_paid.currency | GBP |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1839 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C71924100 |
| concepts[0].level | 0 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.8812890648841858 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Medicine |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C2776677263 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.7986644506454468 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q305190 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Melasma |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C2780385302 |
| concepts[2].level | 3 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6595051884651184 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Protocol (science) |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C535046627 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.6159752607345581 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Clinical trial |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C60641444 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5699172019958496 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841602 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Delphi method |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C512399662 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.4486541450023651 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Family medicine |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C2779473830 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.44646501541137695 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899 |
| concepts[6].display_name | MEDLINE |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C56666940 |
| concepts[7].level | 2 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4415076971054077 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Documentation |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C204787440 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.41950535774230957 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Alternative medicine |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C168563851 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4187380075454712 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Randomized controlled trial |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C153997805 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41779518127441406 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42240 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Research ethics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C16005928 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.19949907064437866 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Dermatology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C141071460 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.172815203666687 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Surgery |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C118552586 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.1695842742919922 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Psychiatry |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C142724271 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.16115722060203552 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Pathology |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Law |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C199360897 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Programming language |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[20].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[20].level | 0 |
| concepts[20].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[20].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[20].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine |
| keywords[0].score | 0.8812890648841858 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Medicine |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/melasma |
| keywords[1].score | 0.7986644506454468 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Melasma |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6595051884651184 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Protocol (science) |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial |
| keywords[3].score | 0.6159752607345581 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Clinical trial |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/delphi-method |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5699172019958496 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Delphi method |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine |
| keywords[5].score | 0.4486541450023651 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Family medicine |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/medline |
| keywords[6].score | 0.44646501541137695 |
| keywords[6].display_name | MEDLINE |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4415076971054077 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Documentation |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine |
| keywords[8].score | 0.41950535774230957 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Alternative medicine |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4187380075454712 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Randomized controlled trial |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41779518127441406 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Research ethics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/dermatology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.19949907064437866 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Dermatology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery |
| keywords[12].score | 0.172815203666687 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Surgery |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry |
| keywords[13].score | 0.1695842742919922 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Psychiatry |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology |
| keywords[14].score | 0.16115722060203552 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Pathology |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| locations[0].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdf |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| locations[1].id | pmid:35121595 |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306525036 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | PubMed |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | True |
| locations[1].is_published | True |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | BMJ open |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35121595 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8819827 |
| locations[2].is_oa | True |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S2764455111 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | PubMed Central |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | National Institutes of Health |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I1299303238 |
| locations[2].license | other-oa |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | acceptedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | Text |
| locations[2].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa |
| locations[2].is_accepted | True |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8819827 |
| locations[3].id | pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wustl.edu:open_access_pubs-12247 |
| locations[3].is_oa | True |
| locations[3].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400764 |
| locations[3].source.issn | |
| locations[3].source.type | repository |
| locations[3].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[3].source.issn_l | |
| locations[3].source.is_core | False |
| locations[3].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[3].source.display_name | Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) |
| locations[3].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I204465549 |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_name | Washington University in St. Louis |
| locations[3].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I204465549 |
| locations[3].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[3].pdf_url | |
| locations[3].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[3].raw_type | text |
| locations[3].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[3].is_accepted | False |
| locations[3].is_published | False |
| locations[3].raw_source_name | Open Access Publications |
| locations[3].landing_page_url | https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/11254 |
| locations[4].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:449a84eb56514b3c896a446762f99f45 |
| locations[4].is_oa | True |
| locations[4].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[4].source.issn | |
| locations[4].source.type | repository |
| locations[4].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[4].source.issn_l | |
| locations[4].source.is_core | False |
| locations[4].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[4].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[4].source.host_organization | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[4].source.host_organization_lineage | |
| locations[4].license | cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].pdf_url | |
| locations[4].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[4].raw_type | article |
| locations[4].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa |
| locations[4].is_accepted | False |
| locations[4].is_published | False |
| locations[4].raw_source_name | BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss 2 (2022) |
| locations[4].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/449a84eb56514b3c896a446762f99f45 |
| locations[5].id | pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/2bc80d8d-7a5a-4643-8cc9-201c5eb32dfc |
| locations[5].is_oa | True |
| locations[5].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400216 |
| locations[5].source.issn | |
| locations[5].source.type | repository |
| locations[5].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[5].source.issn_l | |
| locations[5].source.is_core | False |
| locations[5].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[5].source.display_name | Research Portal (King's College London) |
| locations[5].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_name | King's College London |
| locations[5].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| locations[5].license | cc-by-nc |
| locations[5].pdf_url | |
| locations[5].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[5].raw_type | article |
| locations[5].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| locations[5].is_accepted | False |
| locations[5].is_published | False |
| locations[5].raw_source_name | Ibrahim , S , Kang , B , Schlessinger , D , Chiren , S , Tang , J , Kirkham , J , Schmitt , J , Poon , E , Maher , I , Sobanko , J , Cartee , T & Alam , M 2022 , ' Protocol for development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in melasma ' , BMJ Open , vol. 12 , no. e046953 . |
| locations[5].landing_page_url | https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/protocol-for-development-of-a-core-outcome-set-for-clinical-trials-in-melasma(2bc80d8d-7a5a-4643-8cc9-201c5eb32dfc).html |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj, pubmed |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5009367683 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1970-3251 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Sarah A. Ibrahim |
| authorships[0].countries | US |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000e0be47 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Northwestern University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Sarah A Ibrahim |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5079216560 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9373-2555 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Bianca Y. Kang |
| authorships[1].countries | US |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000e0be47 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Northwestern University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Bianca Y Kang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5000036192 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5736-8891 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Daniel I. Schlessinger |
| authorships[2].countries | US |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I204465549 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I204465549 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01yc7t268 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I204465549 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Washington University in St. Louis |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Daniel I Schlessinger |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5019721542 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Sarah G. Chiren |
| authorships[3].countries | US |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000e0be47 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Northwestern University |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | Sarah G Chiren |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069154460 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-5022 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Jennifer Tang |
| authorships[4].countries | US |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I145608581 |
| authorships[4].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I145608581 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/02dgjyy92 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I145608581 |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[4].institutions[0].display_name | University of Miami |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | Jennifer C Tang |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5066377848 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2579-9325 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Jamie J Kirkham |
| authorships[5].countries | GB |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I2799725268, https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[5].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I2799725268 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04rrkhs81 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I2799725268 |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[0].display_name | Manchester Academic Health Science Centre |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/027m9bs27 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I28407311 |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].country_code | GB |
| authorships[5].institutions[1].display_name | University of Manchester |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | Jamie J Kirkham |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5071894286 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-0960 |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | Jochen Schmitt |
| authorships[6].countries | DE |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I4210162051 |
| authorships[6].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus,Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I4210162051 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/04za5zm41 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I4210162051 |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[6].institutions[0].display_name | University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | Jochen Schmitt |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].raw_affiliation_strings | Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus,Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5037538628 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-5973 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Emily Poon |
| authorships[7].countries | US |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[7].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000e0be47 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[7].institutions[0].display_name | Northwestern University |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | Emily Poon |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068787930 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-9695 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Ian A. Maher |
| authorships[8].countries | US |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I130238516 |
| authorships[8].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I130238516 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/017zqws13 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I130238516 |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[8].institutions[0].display_name | University of Minnesota |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | Ian A Maher |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5040495839 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7604-9463 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Joseph F. Sobanko |
| authorships[9].countries | US |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Division of Dermatologic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[9].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/00b30xv10 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I79576946 |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[9].institutions[0].display_name | University of Pennsylvania |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | Joseph F Sobanko |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, Division of Dermatologic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004643286 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-1422 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | Todd V. Cartee |
| authorships[10].countries | US |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I82783531 |
| authorships[10].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I82783531 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/01h22ap11 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].type | healthcare |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I82783531 |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[10].institutions[0].display_name | Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | Todd V Cartee |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080613931 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8752-3821 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Murad Alam |
| authorships[11].countries | US |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[11].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[11].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[11].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/000e0be47 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].country_code | US |
| authorships[11].institutions[0].display_name | Northwestern University |
| authorships[11].author_position | last |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | Murad Alam |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[11].raw_affiliation_strings | Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Department of Otolaryngology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
| has_content.pdf | True |
| has_content.grobid_xml | True |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Protocol for development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in melasma |
| has_fulltext | True |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10418 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/27 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Medicine |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9710999727249146 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/4 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Health Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2745 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Rheumatology |
| primary_topic.display_name | Pelvic floor disorders treatments |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2916881945, https://openalex.org/W2313899987, https://openalex.org/W1481792414, https://openalex.org/W4205238521, https://openalex.org/W3165570020, https://openalex.org/W4287317386, https://openalex.org/W4289545023, https://openalex.org/W3216609655, https://openalex.org/W4312812221, https://openalex.org/W1499628111 |
| cited_by_count | 5 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| locations_count | 6 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdf |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S79054089 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 2044-6055 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 2044-6055 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | BMJ Open |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | BMJ |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310319945 |
| primary_location.license | cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.pdf_url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/12/2/e046953.full.pdf |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | BMJ Open |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046953 |
| publication_date | 2022-02-01 |
| publication_year | 2022 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2069413718, https://openalex.org/W2060540686, https://openalex.org/W1980995375, https://openalex.org/W2055136319, https://openalex.org/W2156676366, https://openalex.org/W2088389378, https://openalex.org/W6679759346, https://openalex.org/W2046391772, https://openalex.org/W2028924443, https://openalex.org/W1653624018, https://openalex.org/W2029005903, https://openalex.org/W2053248776, https://openalex.org/W2037799574, https://openalex.org/W2683672249, https://openalex.org/W2918963030, https://openalex.org/W2509164938, https://openalex.org/W2999935014, https://openalex.org/W3108055886, https://openalex.org/W2272501710, https://openalex.org/W2591090761, https://openalex.org/W2953844063, https://openalex.org/W3046824220, https://openalex.org/W2789508106, https://openalex.org/W2010149513, https://openalex.org/W2164292972, https://openalex.org/W2104881646, https://openalex.org/W1693297228, https://openalex.org/W2135615449, https://openalex.org/W4205361475, https://openalex.org/W2131817555 |
| referenced_works_count | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 3, 75, 85, 100, 106, 203, 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.An | 128, 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.be | 38, 117, 135, 189, 207, 287, 299 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 10, 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 79, 92, 119, 146, 252, 266, 283, 293, 303 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 2, 46, 74, 244, 265 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 6, 44, 70, 77, 90, 105, 109, 123, 131, 144, 222, 274 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 15, 218 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 12, 87, 191, 198, 209, 216, 289 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(1) | 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(2) | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(3) | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(4) | 168 |
| abstract_inverted_index.All | 277 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ID: | 240 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Set | 259 |
| abstract_inverted_index.all | 120, 290 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 18, 25, 33, 40, 42, 55, 60, 64, 95, 126, 159, 162, 165, 167, 179, 200, 211, 215, 226, 255, 262, 297 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 103, 271, 301 |
| abstract_inverted_index.has | 26, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 108, 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sun | 34, 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 7, 16, 20, 88, 193, 213, 233, 248, 269, 280, 294 |
| abstract_inverted_index.was | 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(ie, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Core | 249 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 97, 242 |
| abstract_inverted_index.been | 27, 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 247, 275 |
| abstract_inverted_index.core | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.face | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.four | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 137, 279 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.life | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.list | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.most | 196 |
| abstract_inverted_index.oral | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.then | 188 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 263, 284 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vote | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.will | 134, 187, 206, 286, 298 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 29, 170, 246, 268 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Board | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.While | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brown | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.final | 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.laser | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neck, | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.other | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skin. | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 243, 281 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trial | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.women | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Delphi | 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Ethics | 225, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Review | 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Trials | 254 |
| abstract_inverted_index.agents | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.deemed | 195 |
| abstract_inverted_index.device | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.energy | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exist, | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 308 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peels. | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.review | 143, 210 |
| abstract_inverted_index.should | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials | 69, 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Melasma | 1, 36 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Methods | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Outcome | 250, 258 |
| abstract_inverted_index.affects | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.barrier | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.federal | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups. | 276 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meeting | 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.melasma | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimum | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcome | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patches | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patient | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.planned | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.process | 102, 186, 212, 296 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quality | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reviews | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set’) | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources | 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.topical | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trials; | 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.‘core | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Cochrane | 256 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Measures | 251 |
| abstract_inverted_index.PROSPERO | 306 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analysis | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approval | 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemical | 65 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clinical | 68, 121, 147, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.convened | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disorder | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.findings | 278 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hormonal | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identify | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.includes | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.industry | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.involved | 292 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measured | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.melasma. | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes | 110, 133, 145, 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.patients | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 98, 264, 272, 285 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provided | 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reported | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results, | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.sources: | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.therapy, | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(protocol | 239 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Skin-Core | 257 |
| abstract_inverted_index.adversely | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.condition | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consensus | 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.described | 282 |
| abstract_inverted_index.describes | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exposure. | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extracted | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.impacted. | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.important | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.including | 174 |
| abstract_inverted_index.journals. | 305 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes, | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.outcomes. | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performed | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.published | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.submitted | 300 |
| abstract_inverted_index.two-round | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variation | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Initiative | 260 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Management | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.University | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accordance | 267 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.brochures, | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.exhaustive | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gray-brown | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guidelines | 270 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interviews | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.literature | 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pamphlets, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pregnancy, | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.providers. | 181 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registered | 245 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scientists | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systematic | 93, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.aggregation | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consistency | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.development | 104, 273, 295 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disfiguring | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.interviews; | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physicians. | 201 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protection, | 53 |
| abstract_inverted_index.publication | 302 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registries, | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.regulators, | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unpublished | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Introduction | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Northwestern | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.disseminated | 288 |
| abstract_inverted_index.initiatives, | 261 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-patient, | 171 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pigmentation | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.registration | 307 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders | 291 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Characterised | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Effectiveness | 253 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Institutional | 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.STU00201637). | 241 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Subsequently, | 202 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dissemination | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.international | 183 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-physician | 172, 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.peer-reviewed | 304 |
| abstract_inverted_index.predominantly | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders, | 173 |
| abstract_inverted_index.documentation; | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.meta-analyses. | 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.semistructured | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.skin-bleaching | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.CRD42020214189. | 309 |
| abstract_inverted_index.anxiety-provoking, | 41 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5080613931 |
| countries_distinct_count | 3 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 12 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I111979921 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.73117668 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |