Quantifying location error to define uncertainty in volcanic mass flow hazard simulations Article Swipe
Stuart Mead
,
Jonathan Procter
,
Gábor Kereszturi
·
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021
YOU?
·
· 2021
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021
The use of mass flow simulations in volcanic hazard zonation and mapping is often limited by model complexity (i.e. uncertainty in correct values of model parameters), a lack of model uncertainty quantification, and limited approaches to incorporate this uncertainty into hazard maps. When quantified, mass flow simulation errors are typically evaluated on a pixel-pair basis, using the difference between simulated and observed (“actual”) map-cell values to evaluate the performance of a model. However, these comparisons conflate location and quantification errors, neglecting possible spatial autocorrelation of evaluated errors. As a result, model performance assessments typically yield moderate accuracy values. In this paper, similarly moderate accuracy values were found in a performance assessment of three depth-averaged numerical models using the 2012 debris avalanche from the Upper Te Maari crater, Tongariro Volcano, as a benchmark. To provide a fairer assessment of performance and evaluate spatial covariance of errors, we use a fuzzy set approach to indicate the proximity of similarly valued map cells. This “fuzzification” of simulated results yields improvements in targeted performance metrics relative to a length scale parameter at the expense of decreases in opposing metrics (e.g. fewer false negatives result in more false positives) and a reduction in resolution. The use of this approach to generate hazard zones incorporating the identified uncertainty and associated trade-offs is demonstrated and indicates a potential use for informed stakeholders by reducing the complexity of uncertainty estimation and supporting decision-making from simulated data.
Related Topics
Concepts
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021
- OA Status
- gold
- Cited By
- 3
- References
- 61
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W3129773527
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W3129773527Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Quantifying location error to define uncertainty in volcanic mass flow hazard simulationsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2021Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2021-08-20Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Stuart Mead, Jonathan Procter, Gábor KereszturiList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
goldOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Uncertainty quantification, Hazard, Computer science, Debris flow, Benchmark (surveying), Hazard analysis, Data mining, Statistics, Algorithm, Covariance, Mathematics, Geology, Debris, Reliability engineering, Engineering, Geodesy, Oceanography, Chemistry, Organic chemistryTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
3Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 1, 2023: 2Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
61Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W3129773527 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| ids.mag | 3129773527 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W3129773527 |
| fwci | 0.73342663 |
| type | article |
| title | Quantifying location error to define uncertainty in volcanic mass flow hazard simulations |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G6760766737 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320327339 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | Too big to fail? –A multidisciplinary approach to predict collapse and debris flow hazards from Mt. Ruapehu |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | Natural Hazards Research Platform |
| biblio.issue | 8 |
| biblio.volume | 21 |
| biblio.last_page | 2460 |
| biblio.first_page | 2447 |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10535 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2308 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
| topics[0].display_name | Landslides and related hazards |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10930 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9991999864578247 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2306 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Global and Planetary Change |
| topics[1].display_name | Flood Risk Assessment and Management |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10330 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9922999739646912 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2312 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Water Science and Technology |
| topics[2].display_name | Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320327339 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/01k00f941 |
| funders[0].display_name | Natural Hazards Research Platform |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list.value | 1440 |
| apc_list.currency | EUR |
| apc_list.value_usd | 1553 |
| apc_paid.value | 1440 |
| apc_paid.currency | EUR |
| apc_paid.value_usd | 1553 |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C32230216 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5641329288482666 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Uncertainty quantification |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C49261128 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.5500026941299438 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132455 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Hazard |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[2].level | 0 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.5318045020103455 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C2776643431 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5108451247215271 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817963 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Debris flow |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C185798385 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.48962241411209106 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Benchmark (surveying) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C206355099 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.48348504304885864 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3614972 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Hazard analysis |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C124101348 |
| concepts[6].level | 1 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.48232147097587585 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Data mining |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C105795698 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4636214077472687 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Statistics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C11413529 |
| concepts[8].level | 1 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.4141913056373596 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Algorithm |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C178650346 |
| concepts[9].level | 2 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.4134780764579773 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Covariance |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[10].level | 0 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.32672715187072754 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C127313418 |
| concepts[11].level | 0 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.25034934282302856 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Geology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C2776023875 |
| concepts[12].level | 2 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.16726526618003845 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Debris |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C200601418 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.14502593874931335 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Reliability engineering |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C127413603 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.1437569260597229 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Engineering |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C13280743 |
| concepts[15].level | 1 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.13845640420913696 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Geodesy |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C111368507 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Oceanography |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C185592680 |
| concepts[17].level | 0 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Chemistry |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C178790620 |
| concepts[18].level | 1 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Organic chemistry |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5641329288482666 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Uncertainty quantification |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard |
| keywords[1].score | 0.5500026941299438 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Hazard |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[2].score | 0.5318045020103455 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/debris-flow |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5108451247215271 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Debris flow |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark |
| keywords[4].score | 0.48962241411209106 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Benchmark (surveying) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hazard-analysis |
| keywords[5].score | 0.48348504304885864 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Hazard analysis |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining |
| keywords[6].score | 0.48232147097587585 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Data mining |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4636214077472687 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Statistics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm |
| keywords[8].score | 0.4141913056373596 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Algorithm |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance |
| keywords[9].score | 0.4134780764579773 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Covariance |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[10].score | 0.32672715187072754 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.25034934282302856 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Geology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/debris |
| keywords[12].score | 0.16726526618003845 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Debris |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering |
| keywords[13].score | 0.14502593874931335 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Reliability engineering |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering |
| keywords[14].score | 0.1437569260597229 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Engineering |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy |
| keywords[15].score | 0.13845640420913696 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Geodesy |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S70708404 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 1561-8633, 1684-9981 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 1561-8633 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | True |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Natural hazards and earth system sciences |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | Copernicus Publications |
| locations[0].license | cc-by |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8148bce6872a44d88f234728562fcdcf |
| locations[1].is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306401280 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | article |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 21, Pp 2447-2460 (2021) |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | https://doaj.org/article/8148bce6872a44d88f234728562fcdcf |
| indexed_in | crossref, doaj |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5068361710 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3135-439X |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Stuart Mead |
| authorships[0].countries | NZ |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/052czxv31 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | NZ |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Massey University |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | Stuart R. Mead |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5110724406 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-1137 |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jonathan Procter |
| authorships[1].countries | NZ |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/052czxv31 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | NZ |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Massey University |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | Jonathan Procter |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5080107096 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4336-2012 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Gábor Kereszturi |
| authorships[2].countries | NZ |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/052czxv31 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | NZ |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | Massey University |
| authorships[2].author_position | last |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | Gabor Kereszturi |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | True |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | Volcanic Risk Solutions, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| open_access.oa_status | gold |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Quantifying location error to define uncertainty in volcanic mass flow hazard simulations |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-25T14:43:58.451035 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10535 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/23 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Environmental Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9997000098228455 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/2308 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law |
| primary_topic.display_name | Landslides and related hazards |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2344856599, https://openalex.org/W2005807704, https://openalex.org/W2366613054, https://openalex.org/W4323532555, https://openalex.org/W2365669642, https://openalex.org/W2087719002, https://openalex.org/W4207085828, https://openalex.org/W2369809935, https://openalex.org/W2381934886, https://openalex.org/W2072671961 |
| cited_by_count | 3 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 2 |
| locations_count | 2 |
| best_oa_location.id | doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S70708404 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | 1561-8633, 1684-9981 |
| best_oa_location.source.type | journal |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | 1561-8633 |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | True |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | Natural hazards and earth system sciences |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Copernicus Publications |
| best_oa_location.license | cc-by |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | publishedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| best_oa_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | True |
| best_oa_location.is_published | True |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S70708404 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 1561-8633, 1684-9981 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 1561-8633 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | True |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Natural hazards and earth system sciences |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Copernicus Publications |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310313756 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | Copernicus Publications |
| primary_location.license | cc-by |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-2447-2021 |
| publication_date | 2021-08-20 |
| publication_year | 2021 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2047088440, https://openalex.org/W2130089609, https://openalex.org/W2256372882, https://openalex.org/W2084728361, https://openalex.org/W2772684366, https://openalex.org/W1993206956, https://openalex.org/W2105416458, https://openalex.org/W2789797711, https://openalex.org/W2041490520, https://openalex.org/W2072386496, https://openalex.org/W3033704762, https://openalex.org/W2037140993, https://openalex.org/W2114828048, https://openalex.org/W2220956772, https://openalex.org/W1998321912, https://openalex.org/W2159789095, https://openalex.org/W1990607561, https://openalex.org/W2097033979, https://openalex.org/W2178484002, https://openalex.org/W1772551698, https://openalex.org/W2051896092, https://openalex.org/W2556476016, https://openalex.org/W2149160185, https://openalex.org/W2034380773, https://openalex.org/W2884623104, https://openalex.org/W1981101479, https://openalex.org/W2087482924, https://openalex.org/W1553605043, https://openalex.org/W2560814259, https://openalex.org/W6931005785, https://openalex.org/W2617615318, https://openalex.org/W2614880370, https://openalex.org/W2525768401, https://openalex.org/W2135014481, https://openalex.org/W2005219605, https://openalex.org/W2157932644, https://openalex.org/W2808017363, https://openalex.org/W2059312348, https://openalex.org/W2139170886, https://openalex.org/W2069044138, https://openalex.org/W2071684211, https://openalex.org/W1968438234, https://openalex.org/W1996322536, https://openalex.org/W2025225395, https://openalex.org/W2146289164, https://openalex.org/W2082337970, https://openalex.org/W4236127444, https://openalex.org/W2063050805, https://openalex.org/W1941134882, https://openalex.org/W2131754357, https://openalex.org/W1554418046, https://openalex.org/W2163275921, https://openalex.org/W2145126338, https://openalex.org/W2065260428, https://openalex.org/W2016688710, https://openalex.org/W2163487732, https://openalex.org/W1965545270, https://openalex.org/W2416428253, https://openalex.org/W2119179872, https://openalex.org/W2089290685, https://openalex.org/W19005710 |
| referenced_works_count | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 27, 53, 71, 89, 109, 131, 135, 148, 174, 196, 220 |
| abstract_inverted_index.As | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Te | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.To | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.at | 178 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 16, 226 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 7, 21, 108, 168, 183, 191, 198 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 13, 216 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 24, 29, 70, 85, 112, 138, 144, 156, 163, 181, 202, 230 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 52 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 36, 66, 152, 173, 205 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 1, 200 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 11, 33, 61, 78, 140, 195, 213, 218, 233 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 223 |
| abstract_inverted_index.map | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.set | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 57, 68, 118, 123, 154, 179, 210, 228 |
| abstract_inverted_index.use | 2, 147, 201, 222 |
| abstract_inverted_index.2012 | 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.When | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.flow | 5, 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 122, 236 |
| abstract_inverted_index.into | 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lack | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass | 4, 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 192 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 38, 100, 203 |
| abstract_inverted_index.were | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(e.g. | 186 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(i.e. | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Maari | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Upper | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.data. | 238 |
| abstract_inverted_index.false | 188, 193 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fewer | 187 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fuzzy | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.maps. | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model | 17, 25, 30, 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scale | 176 |
| abstract_inverted_index.these | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.three | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.using | 56, 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yield | 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zones | 208 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basis, | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.cells. | 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.debris | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fairer | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hazard | 9, 41, 207 |
| abstract_inverted_index.length | 175 |
| abstract_inverted_index.model. | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.models | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.paper, | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 190 |
| abstract_inverted_index.valued | 158 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values | 23, 65, 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.yields | 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.between | 59 |
| abstract_inverted_index.correct | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.crater, | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors, | 80, 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.errors. | 87 |
| abstract_inverted_index.expense | 180 |
| abstract_inverted_index.limited | 15, 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mapping | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.metrics | 171, 185 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 134 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result, | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.results | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spatial | 83, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.values. | 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.However, | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Volcano, | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.accuracy | 97, 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 151, 204 |
| abstract_inverted_index.conflate | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluate | 67, 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generate | 206 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicate | 153 |
| abstract_inverted_index.informed | 224 |
| abstract_inverted_index.location | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.map-cell | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.moderate | 96, 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.observed | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.opposing | 184 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reducing | 227 |
| abstract_inverted_index.relative | 172 |
| abstract_inverted_index.targeted | 169 |
| abstract_inverted_index.volcanic | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.zonation | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Abstract. | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Tongariro | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.avalanche | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decreases | 182 |
| abstract_inverted_index.evaluated | 51, 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.indicates | 219 |
| abstract_inverted_index.negatives | 189 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerical | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameter | 177 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential | 221 |
| abstract_inverted_index.proximity | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.reduction | 197 |
| abstract_inverted_index.similarly | 102, 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulated | 60, 164, 237 |
| abstract_inverted_index.typically | 50, 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approaches | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessment | 111, 137 |
| abstract_inverted_index.associated | 214 |
| abstract_inverted_index.benchmark. | 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complexity | 18, 229 |
| abstract_inverted_index.covariance | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.difference | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation | 232 |
| abstract_inverted_index.identified | 211 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neglecting | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.pixel-pair | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.positives) | 194 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulation | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.supporting | 234 |
| abstract_inverted_index.trade-offs | 215 |
| abstract_inverted_index.assessments | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.comparisons | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporate | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 69, 92, 110, 139, 170 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantified, | 44 |
| abstract_inverted_index.resolution. | 199 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 6 |
| abstract_inverted_index.uncertainty | 20, 31, 39, 212, 231 |
| abstract_inverted_index.demonstrated | 217 |
| abstract_inverted_index.improvements | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.parameters), | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.stakeholders | 225 |
| abstract_inverted_index.incorporating | 209 |
| abstract_inverted_index.(“actual”) | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.depth-averaged | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantification | 79 |
| abstract_inverted_index.autocorrelation | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.decision-making | 235 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantification, | 32 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“fuzzification” | 162 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 96 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 91 |
| corresponding_author_ids | https://openalex.org/A5068361710, https://openalex.org/A5080107096 |
| countries_distinct_count | 1 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 3 |
| corresponding_institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I51158804 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.77056309 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |