Quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra on a silicon chip Article Swipe
Raffaele Santagati
,
Jia-Chao Wang
,
Antonio A. Gentile
,
Stefano Paesani
,
Nathan Wiebe
,
Jarrod R. McClean
,
S R Morley Short
,
Peter Shadbolt
,
Damien Bonneau
,
Joshua W. Silverstone
,
David P. Tew
,
Xiaoqi Zhou
,
Jeremy L. O’Brien
,
Mark G. Thompson
·
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
YOU?
·
· 2016
· Open Access
·
The efficient calculation of Hamiltonian spectra, a problem often intractable on classical machines, can find application in many fields, from physics to chemistry. Here, we introduce the concept of an eigenstate witness and through it provide a new quantum approach which combines variational methods and phase estimation to approximate eigenvalues for both ground and excited states. This protocol is experimentally verified on a programmable silicon quantum photonic chip, a mass-manufacturable platform, which embeds entangled state generation, arbitrary controlled-unitary operations, and projective measurements. Both ground and excited states are experimentally found with fidelities >99%, and their eigenvalues are estimated with 32-bits of precision. We also investigate and discuss the scalability of the approach and study its performance through numerical simulations of more complex Hamiltonians. This result shows promising progress towards quantum chemistry on quantum computers.
Related Topics
Concepts
Hamiltonian (control theory)
Excited state
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Quantum
Quantum simulator
Quantum mechanics
Ground state
Quantum computer
Unitary state
Physics
Scalability
Quantum technology
Computer science
Statistical physics
Mathematics
Open quantum system
Mathematical optimization
Database
Political science
Law
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdf
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 6
- References
- 10
- Related Works
- 19
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2565626642
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2565626642Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- Title
-
Quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra on a silicon chipWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2016Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2016-11-10Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Raffaele Santagati, Jia-Chao Wang, Antonio A. Gentile, Stefano Paesani, Nathan Wiebe, Jarrod R. McClean, S R Morley Short, Peter Shadbolt, Damien Bonneau, Joshua W. Silverstone, David P. Tew, Xiaoqi Zhou, Jeremy L. O’Brien, Mark G. ThompsonList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdfPublisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdfDirect OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Hamiltonian (control theory), Excited state, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Quantum, Quantum simulator, Quantum mechanics, Ground state, Quantum computer, Unitary state, Physics, Scalability, Quantum technology, Computer science, Statistical physics, Mathematics, Open quantum system, Mathematical optimization, Database, Political science, LawTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
6Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2020: 1, 2019: 1, 2018: 1, 2017: 3Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
10Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
19Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2565626642 |
|---|---|
| doi | |
| ids.mag | 2565626642 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2565626642 |
| fwci | 1.4093844 |
| type | article |
| title | Quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra on a silicon chip |
| biblio.issue | |
| biblio.volume | |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10020 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Quantum Information and Cryptography |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10682 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[1].display_name | Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T12611 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9998000264167786 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[2].display_name | Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C130787639 |
| concepts[0].level | 2 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.7291901111602783 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Hamiltonian (control theory) |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C181500209 |
| concepts[1].level | 2 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.6916771531105042 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215328 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Excited state |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C158693339 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.6542689800262451 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Eigenvalues and eigenvectors |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C84114770 |
| concepts[3].level | 2 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.5585169792175293 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Quantum |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C161166931 |
| concepts[4].level | 4 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.5440695285797119 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269096 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Quantum simulator |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[5].level | 1 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.49495428800582886 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C69523127 |
| concepts[6].level | 2 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.49491947889328003 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480008 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Ground state |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C58053490 |
| concepts[7].level | 3 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.4878818988800049 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Quantum computer |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C67820243 |
| concepts[8].level | 2 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.48318758606910706 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179164 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Unitary state |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[9].level | 0 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.45398491621017456 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C48044578 |
| concepts[10].level | 2 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.44662341475486755 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Scalability |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C190463098 |
| concepts[11].level | 4 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.41664180159568787 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Quantum technology |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C41008148 |
| concepts[12].level | 0 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.3508704602718353 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Computer science |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C121864883 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.34809526801109314 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Statistical physics |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[14].level | 0 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.23774057626724243 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C190474826 |
| concepts[15].level | 3 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.22092559933662415 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Open quantum system |
| concepts[16].id | https://openalex.org/C126255220 |
| concepts[16].level | 1 |
| concepts[16].score | 0.12286430597305298 |
| concepts[16].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495 |
| concepts[16].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| concepts[17].id | https://openalex.org/C77088390 |
| concepts[17].level | 1 |
| concepts[17].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[17].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513 |
| concepts[17].display_name | Database |
| concepts[18].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[18].level | 0 |
| concepts[18].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[18].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[18].display_name | Political science |
| concepts[19].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[19].level | 1 |
| concepts[19].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[19].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[19].display_name | Law |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian |
| keywords[0].score | 0.7291901111602783 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Hamiltonian (control theory) |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/excited-state |
| keywords[1].score | 0.6916771531105042 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Excited state |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors |
| keywords[2].score | 0.6542689800262451 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Eigenvalues and eigenvectors |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum |
| keywords[3].score | 0.5585169792175293 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Quantum |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-simulator |
| keywords[4].score | 0.5440695285797119 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Quantum simulator |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics |
| keywords[5].score | 0.49495428800582886 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-state |
| keywords[6].score | 0.49491947889328003 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Ground state |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer |
| keywords[7].score | 0.4878818988800049 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Quantum computer |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/unitary-state |
| keywords[8].score | 0.48318758606910706 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Unitary state |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.45398491621017456 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability |
| keywords[10].score | 0.44662341475486755 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Scalability |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology |
| keywords[11].score | 0.41664180159568787 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Quantum technology |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science |
| keywords[12].score | 0.3508704602718353 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Computer science |
| keywords[13].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics |
| keywords[13].score | 0.34809526801109314 |
| keywords[13].display_name | Statistical physics |
| keywords[14].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[14].score | 0.23774057626724243 |
| keywords[14].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[15].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/open-quantum-system |
| keywords[15].score | 0.22092559933662415 |
| keywords[15].display_name | Open quantum system |
| keywords[16].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization |
| keywords[16].score | 0.12286430597305298 |
| keywords[16].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | mag:2565626642 |
| locations[0].is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[0].source.issn | |
| locations[0].source.type | repository |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | |
| locations[0].source.is_core | False |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | False |
| locations[0].is_published | False |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdf |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5030944975 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9645-0580 |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Raffaele Santagati |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | R Santagati |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5065431786 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | Jia-Chao Wang |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | J Wang |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5036600413 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1763-9746 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Antonio A. Gentile |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | A A Gentile |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5091372016 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-0906 |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Stefano Paesani |
| authorships[3].author_position | middle |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | S Paesani |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[4].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5004290683 |
| authorships[4].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-1061 |
| authorships[4].author.display_name | Nathan Wiebe |
| authorships[4].author_position | middle |
| authorships[4].raw_author_name | N Wiebe |
| authorships[4].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[5].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5023528725 |
| authorships[5].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-0509 |
| authorships[5].author.display_name | Jarrod R. McClean |
| authorships[5].author_position | middle |
| authorships[5].raw_author_name | J R McClean |
| authorships[5].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[6].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015178625 |
| authorships[6].author.orcid | |
| authorships[6].author.display_name | S R Morley Short |
| authorships[6].author_position | middle |
| authorships[6].raw_author_name | S R Morley Short |
| authorships[6].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[7].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5015171911 |
| authorships[7].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9256-2638 |
| authorships[7].author.display_name | Peter Shadbolt |
| authorships[7].author_position | middle |
| authorships[7].raw_author_name | P J Shadbolt |
| authorships[7].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[8].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5069887076 |
| authorships[8].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6632-5209 |
| authorships[8].author.display_name | Damien Bonneau |
| authorships[8].author_position | middle |
| authorships[8].raw_author_name | D Bonneau |
| authorships[8].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[9].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5059382224 |
| authorships[9].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3429-4890 |
| authorships[9].author.display_name | Joshua W. Silverstone |
| authorships[9].author_position | middle |
| authorships[9].raw_author_name | J W Silverstone |
| authorships[9].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[10].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058596787 |
| authorships[10].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-4177 |
| authorships[10].author.display_name | David P. Tew |
| authorships[10].author_position | middle |
| authorships[10].raw_author_name | D P Tew |
| authorships[10].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[11].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5051478213 |
| authorships[11].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-0474 |
| authorships[11].author.display_name | Xiaoqi Zhou |
| authorships[11].author_position | middle |
| authorships[11].raw_author_name | X Zhou |
| authorships[11].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[12].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5106652214 |
| authorships[12].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-8414 |
| authorships[12].author.display_name | Jeremy L. O’Brien |
| authorships[12].author_position | middle |
| authorships[12].raw_author_name | J L OBrien |
| authorships[12].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[13].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5064808655 |
| authorships[13].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2865-9558 |
| authorships[13].author.display_name | Mark G. Thompson |
| authorships[13].author_position | last |
| authorships[13].raw_author_name | M G Thompson |
| authorships[13].is_corresponding | False |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdf |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra on a silicon chip |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10020 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Quantum Information and Cryptography |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2760696651, https://openalex.org/W3181948953, https://openalex.org/W2996599572, https://openalex.org/W3100779892, https://openalex.org/W3106349779, https://openalex.org/W3103810096, https://openalex.org/W3105675463, https://openalex.org/W1508104380, https://openalex.org/W3214298557, https://openalex.org/W1648431936, https://openalex.org/W3022385375, https://openalex.org/W3147835020, https://openalex.org/W3194852551, https://openalex.org/W2954245103, https://openalex.org/W3163089401, https://openalex.org/W2013794285, https://openalex.org/W3172206116, https://openalex.org/W2995820858, https://openalex.org/W2900873042 |
| cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2018 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 1 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2017 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 3 |
| locations_count | 1 |
| best_oa_location.id | mag:2565626642 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdf |
| primary_location.id | mag:2565626642 |
| primary_location.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| primary_location.source.issn | |
| primary_location.source.type | repository |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | True |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | |
| primary_location.source.is_core | False |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | submittedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | False |
| primary_location.is_published | False |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.03511.pdf |
| publication_date | 2016-11-10 |
| publication_year | 2016 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W149097284, https://openalex.org/W3098440433, https://openalex.org/W2308263304, https://openalex.org/W2097100165, https://openalex.org/W2040792108, https://openalex.org/W2023392689, https://openalex.org/W2254754114, https://openalex.org/W2117980155, https://openalex.org/W1968850365, https://openalex.org/W2135010009 |
| referenced_works_count | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 6, 36, 62, 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 29 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 58 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 3, 28, 100, 109, 119 |
| abstract_inverted_index.on | 10, 61, 131 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 21, 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 32, 44, 53, 79, 84, 93, 105, 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 87, 96 |
| abstract_inverted_index.can | 13 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.its | 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.new | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 26, 107, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Both | 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.This | 56, 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 103 |
| abstract_inverted_index.both | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.find | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.from | 19 |
| abstract_inverted_index.many | 17 |
| abstract_inverted_index.more | 120 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 90, 98 |
| abstract_inverted_index.>99%, | 92 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Here, | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chip, | 67 |
| abstract_inverted_index.found | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.often | 8 |
| abstract_inverted_index.phase | 45 |
| abstract_inverted_index.shows | 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.state | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.study | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.their | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.which | 40, 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.embeds | 72 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ground | 52, 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.result | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states | 86 |
| abstract_inverted_index.32-bits | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.complex | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.concept | 27 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discuss | 106 |
| abstract_inverted_index.excited | 54, 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fields, | 18 |
| abstract_inverted_index.methods | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.physics | 20 |
| abstract_inverted_index.problem | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.provide | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantum | 38, 65, 129, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.silicon | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.states. | 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.through | 33, 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.towards | 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.witness | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approach | 39, 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.combines | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.photonic | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.progress | 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.protocol | 57 |
| abstract_inverted_index.spectra, | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.verified | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.arbitrary | 76 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemistry | 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.classical | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.efficient | 1 |
| abstract_inverted_index.entangled | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimated | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.introduce | 25 |
| abstract_inverted_index.machines, | 12 |
| abstract_inverted_index.numerical | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.platform, | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.promising | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.chemistry. | 22 |
| abstract_inverted_index.computers. | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eigenstate | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.estimation | 46 |
| abstract_inverted_index.fidelities | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.precision. | 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.projective | 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hamiltonian | 4 |
| abstract_inverted_index.application | 15 |
| abstract_inverted_index.approximate | 48 |
| abstract_inverted_index.calculation | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.eigenvalues | 49, 95 |
| abstract_inverted_index.generation, | 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.intractable | 9 |
| abstract_inverted_index.investigate | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operations, | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.performance | 115 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scalability | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.simulations | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.variational | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.programmable | 63 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hamiltonians. | 122 |
| abstract_inverted_index.measurements. | 81 |
| abstract_inverted_index.experimentally | 59, 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.controlled-unitary | 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mass-manufacturable | 69 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 97 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 89 |
| countries_distinct_count | 0 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 14 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.4699999988079071 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Industry, innovation and infrastructure |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.9272463 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | False |