Quantum walks in external gauge fields Article Swipe
Christopher Cedzich
,
T. Geib
,
Albert H. Werner
,
Reinhard F. Werner
·
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894
YOU?
·
· 2019
· Open Access
·
· DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894
Describing a particle in an external electromagnetic field is a basic task of quantum mechanics. The standard scheme for this is known as “minimal coupling” and consists of replacing the momentum operators in the Hamiltonian by the modified ones with an added vector potential. In lattice systems, it is not so clear how to do this because there is no continuous translation symmetry, and hence, there are no momenta. Moreover, when time is also discrete, as in quantum walk systems, there is no Hamiltonian, but only a unitary step operator. We present a unified framework of gauge theory for such discrete systems, keeping a close analogy to the continuum case. In particular, we show how to implement minimal coupling in a way that automatically guarantees unitary dynamics. The scheme works in any lattice dimension, for any number of internal degrees of freedom, for walks that allow jumps to a finite neighbourhood rather than to nearest neighbours, is naturally gauge invariant, and prepares possible extensions to non-abelian gauge groups.
Related Topics
Concepts
Introduction to gauge theory
Physics
Gauge theory
Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory
Hamiltonian (control theory)
Unitary state
Mathematics
Theoretical physics
Lattice gauge theory
Quantum mechanics
Gauge symmetry
Classical mechanics
Mathematical physics
Law
Mathematical optimization
Political science
Metadata
- Type
- article
- Language
- en
- Landing Page
- https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894
- OA Status
- green
- Cited By
- 40
- References
- 41
- Related Works
- 10
- OpenAlex ID
- https://openalex.org/W2889433363
All OpenAlex metadata
Raw OpenAlex JSON
- OpenAlex ID
-
https://openalex.org/W2889433363Canonical identifier for this work in OpenAlex
- DOI
-
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894Digital Object Identifier
- Title
-
Quantum walks in external gauge fieldsWork title
- Type
-
articleOpenAlex work type
- Language
-
enPrimary language
- Publication year
-
2019Year of publication
- Publication date
-
2019-01-01Full publication date if available
- Authors
-
Christopher Cedzich, T. Geib, Albert H. Werner, Reinhard F. WernerList of authors in order
- Landing page
-
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894Publisher landing page
- Open access
-
YesWhether a free full text is available
- OA status
-
greenOpen access status per OpenAlex
- OA URL
-
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.10850Direct OA link when available
- Concepts
-
Introduction to gauge theory, Physics, Gauge theory, Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory, Hamiltonian (control theory), Unitary state, Mathematics, Theoretical physics, Lattice gauge theory, Quantum mechanics, Gauge symmetry, Classical mechanics, Mathematical physics, Law, Mathematical optimization, Political scienceTop concepts (fields/topics) attached by OpenAlex
- Cited by
-
40Total citation count in OpenAlex
- Citations by year (recent)
-
2025: 2, 2024: 4, 2023: 6, 2022: 6, 2021: 7Per-year citation counts (last 5 years)
- References (count)
-
41Number of works referenced by this work
- Related works (count)
-
10Other works algorithmically related by OpenAlex
Full payload
| id | https://openalex.org/W2889433363 |
|---|---|
| doi | https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894 |
| ids.doi | https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894 |
| ids.mag | 2889433363 |
| ids.openalex | https://openalex.org/W2889433363 |
| fwci | 4.30129687 |
| type | article |
| title | Quantum walks in external gauge fields |
| awards[0].id | https://openalex.org/G1413462769 |
| awards[0].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320338352 |
| awards[0].display_name | |
| awards[0].funder_award_id | 291401 |
| awards[0].funder_display_name | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council |
| awards[1].id | https://openalex.org/G3674809337 |
| awards[1].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320338370 |
| awards[1].display_name | |
| awards[1].funder_award_id | 600645 |
| awards[1].funder_display_name | FP7 Information and Communication Technologies |
| awards[2].id | https://openalex.org/G7194386616 |
| awards[2].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| awards[2].display_name | |
| awards[2].funder_award_id | CRC 183 |
| awards[2].funder_display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| awards[3].id | https://openalex.org/G4285572622 |
| awards[3].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| awards[3].display_name | |
| awards[3].funder_award_id | SFB 1227 |
| awards[3].funder_display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| awards[4].id | https://openalex.org/G7352392636 |
| awards[4].funder_id | https://openalex.org/F4320310490 |
| awards[4].display_name | |
| awards[4].funder_award_id | 10059 |
| awards[4].funder_display_name | Villum Fonden |
| biblio.issue | 1 |
| biblio.volume | 60 |
| biblio.last_page | |
| biblio.first_page | |
| topics[0].id | https://openalex.org/T10682 |
| topics[0].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[0].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[0].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[0].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[0].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[0].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[0].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[0].display_name | Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture |
| topics[1].id | https://openalex.org/T10382 |
| topics[1].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/31 |
| topics[1].field.display_name | Physics and Astronomy |
| topics[1].score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| topics[1].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[1].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[1].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/3107 |
| topics[1].subfield.display_name | Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics |
| topics[1].display_name | Quantum and electron transport phenomena |
| topics[2].id | https://openalex.org/T10020 |
| topics[2].field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| topics[2].field.display_name | Computer Science |
| topics[2].score | 0.9993000030517578 |
| topics[2].domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| topics[2].domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| topics[2].subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| topics[2].subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| topics[2].display_name | Quantum Information and Cryptography |
| funders[0].id | https://openalex.org/F4320308269 |
| funders[0].ror | https://ror.org/012kf4317 |
| funders[0].display_name | Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung |
| funders[1].id | https://openalex.org/F4320310490 |
| funders[1].ror | https://ror.org/007ww2d15 |
| funders[1].display_name | Villum Fonden |
| funders[2].id | https://openalex.org/F4320320879 |
| funders[2].ror | https://ror.org/018mejw64 |
| funders[2].display_name | Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft |
| funders[3].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338352 |
| funders[3].ror | https://ror.org/0472cxd90 |
| funders[3].display_name | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council |
| funders[4].id | https://openalex.org/F4320338370 |
| funders[4].ror | |
| funders[4].display_name | FP7 Information and Communication Technologies |
| is_xpac | False |
| apc_list | |
| apc_paid | |
| concepts[0].id | https://openalex.org/C65211518 |
| concepts[0].level | 3 |
| concepts[0].score | 0.5086749196052551 |
| concepts[0].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16743426 |
| concepts[0].display_name | Introduction to gauge theory |
| concepts[1].id | https://openalex.org/C121332964 |
| concepts[1].level | 0 |
| concepts[1].score | 0.4914606809616089 |
| concepts[1].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413 |
| concepts[1].display_name | Physics |
| concepts[2].id | https://openalex.org/C181830111 |
| concepts[2].level | 2 |
| concepts[2].score | 0.48786020278930664 |
| concepts[2].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850 |
| concepts[2].display_name | Gauge theory |
| concepts[3].id | https://openalex.org/C27428435 |
| concepts[3].level | 3 |
| concepts[3].score | 0.4869123697280884 |
| concepts[3].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645297 |
| concepts[3].display_name | Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory |
| concepts[4].id | https://openalex.org/C130787639 |
| concepts[4].level | 2 |
| concepts[4].score | 0.485662579536438 |
| concepts[4].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645293 |
| concepts[4].display_name | Hamiltonian (control theory) |
| concepts[5].id | https://openalex.org/C67820243 |
| concepts[5].level | 2 |
| concepts[5].score | 0.46671125292778015 |
| concepts[5].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179164 |
| concepts[5].display_name | Unitary state |
| concepts[6].id | https://openalex.org/C33923547 |
| concepts[6].level | 0 |
| concepts[6].score | 0.4355999827384949 |
| concepts[6].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395 |
| concepts[6].display_name | Mathematics |
| concepts[7].id | https://openalex.org/C33332235 |
| concepts[7].level | 1 |
| concepts[7].score | 0.42920857667922974 |
| concepts[7].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362 |
| concepts[7].display_name | Theoretical physics |
| concepts[8].id | https://openalex.org/C138817895 |
| concepts[8].level | 3 |
| concepts[8].score | 0.42049920558929443 |
| concepts[8].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386769 |
| concepts[8].display_name | Lattice gauge theory |
| concepts[9].id | https://openalex.org/C62520636 |
| concepts[9].level | 1 |
| concepts[9].score | 0.418710857629776 |
| concepts[9].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944 |
| concepts[9].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| concepts[10].id | https://openalex.org/C147247565 |
| concepts[10].level | 3 |
| concepts[10].score | 0.41184020042419434 |
| concepts[10].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527635 |
| concepts[10].display_name | Gauge symmetry |
| concepts[11].id | https://openalex.org/C74650414 |
| concepts[11].level | 1 |
| concepts[11].score | 0.4022086560726166 |
| concepts[11].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397 |
| concepts[11].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| concepts[12].id | https://openalex.org/C37914503 |
| concepts[12].level | 1 |
| concepts[12].score | 0.33348268270492554 |
| concepts[12].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495 |
| concepts[12].display_name | Mathematical physics |
| concepts[13].id | https://openalex.org/C199539241 |
| concepts[13].level | 1 |
| concepts[13].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[13].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748 |
| concepts[13].display_name | Law |
| concepts[14].id | https://openalex.org/C126255220 |
| concepts[14].level | 1 |
| concepts[14].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[14].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495 |
| concepts[14].display_name | Mathematical optimization |
| concepts[15].id | https://openalex.org/C17744445 |
| concepts[15].level | 0 |
| concepts[15].score | 0.0 |
| concepts[15].wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442 |
| concepts[15].display_name | Political science |
| keywords[0].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/introduction-to-gauge-theory |
| keywords[0].score | 0.5086749196052551 |
| keywords[0].display_name | Introduction to gauge theory |
| keywords[1].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/physics |
| keywords[1].score | 0.4914606809616089 |
| keywords[1].display_name | Physics |
| keywords[2].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-theory |
| keywords[2].score | 0.48786020278930664 |
| keywords[2].display_name | Gauge theory |
| keywords[3].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian-lattice-gauge-theory |
| keywords[3].score | 0.4869123697280884 |
| keywords[3].display_name | Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory |
| keywords[4].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/hamiltonian |
| keywords[4].score | 0.485662579536438 |
| keywords[4].display_name | Hamiltonian (control theory) |
| keywords[5].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/unitary-state |
| keywords[5].score | 0.46671125292778015 |
| keywords[5].display_name | Unitary state |
| keywords[6].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics |
| keywords[6].score | 0.4355999827384949 |
| keywords[6].display_name | Mathematics |
| keywords[7].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-physics |
| keywords[7].score | 0.42920857667922974 |
| keywords[7].display_name | Theoretical physics |
| keywords[8].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-gauge-theory |
| keywords[8].score | 0.42049920558929443 |
| keywords[8].display_name | Lattice gauge theory |
| keywords[9].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics |
| keywords[9].score | 0.418710857629776 |
| keywords[9].display_name | Quantum mechanics |
| keywords[10].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/gauge-symmetry |
| keywords[10].score | 0.41184020042419434 |
| keywords[10].display_name | Gauge symmetry |
| keywords[11].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics |
| keywords[11].score | 0.4022086560726166 |
| keywords[11].display_name | Classical mechanics |
| keywords[12].id | https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-physics |
| keywords[12].score | 0.33348268270492554 |
| keywords[12].display_name | Mathematical physics |
| language | en |
| locations[0].id | doi:10.1063/1.5054894 |
| locations[0].is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.id | https://openalex.org/S158241587 |
| locations[0].source.issn | 0022-2488, 1089-7658, 1527-2427 |
| locations[0].source.type | journal |
| locations[0].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[0].source.issn_l | 0022-2488 |
| locations[0].source.is_core | True |
| locations[0].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[0].source.display_name | Journal of Mathematical Physics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Physics |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| locations[0].source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Institute of Physics |
| locations[0].license | |
| locations[0].pdf_url | |
| locations[0].version | publishedVersion |
| locations[0].raw_type | journal-article |
| locations[0].license_id | |
| locations[0].is_accepted | True |
| locations[0].is_published | True |
| locations[0].raw_source_name | Journal of Mathematical Physics |
| locations[0].landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894 |
| locations[1].id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1808.10850 |
| locations[1].is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| locations[1].source.issn | |
| locations[1].source.type | repository |
| locations[1].source.is_oa | True |
| locations[1].source.issn_l | |
| locations[1].source.is_core | False |
| locations[1].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[1].source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| locations[1].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| locations[1].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| locations[1].license | |
| locations[1].pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.10850 |
| locations[1].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[1].raw_type | text |
| locations[1].license_id | |
| locations[1].is_accepted | False |
| locations[1].is_published | False |
| locations[1].raw_source_name | |
| locations[1].landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10850 |
| locations[2].id | pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/064ecc7b-3780-4136-ba19-f5a6198577bd |
| locations[2].is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400216 |
| locations[2].source.issn | |
| locations[2].source.type | repository |
| locations[2].source.is_oa | False |
| locations[2].source.issn_l | |
| locations[2].source.is_core | False |
| locations[2].source.is_in_doaj | False |
| locations[2].source.display_name | Research Portal (King's College London) |
| locations[2].source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_name | King's College London |
| locations[2].source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I183935753 |
| locations[2].license | |
| locations[2].pdf_url | |
| locations[2].version | submittedVersion |
| locations[2].raw_type | |
| locations[2].license_id | |
| locations[2].is_accepted | False |
| locations[2].is_published | False |
| locations[2].raw_source_name | |
| locations[2].landing_page_url | http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060791018&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
| indexed_in | arxiv, crossref |
| authorships[0].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5078157931 |
| authorships[0].author.orcid | |
| authorships[0].author.display_name | Christopher Cedzich |
| authorships[0].countries | DE, DK |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I180923762 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln 2 , Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[0].affiliations[3].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[0].affiliations[3].raw_affiliation_string | Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0304hq317 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[0].display_name | Leibniz University Hannover |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I180923762 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/00rcxh774 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I180923762 |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].country_code | DE |
| authorships[0].institutions[1].display_name | University of Cologne |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].id | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].ror | https://ror.org/035b05819 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].type | education |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].country_code | DK |
| authorships[0].institutions[2].display_name | University of Copenhagen |
| authorships[0].author_position | first |
| authorships[0].raw_author_name | C. Cedzich |
| authorships[0].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[0].raw_affiliation_strings | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln 2 , Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany |
| authorships[1].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5006755002 |
| authorships[1].author.orcid | |
| authorships[1].author.display_name | T. Geib |
| authorships[1].countries | DE, DK |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[1].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0304hq317 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[1].institutions[0].display_name | Leibniz University Hannover |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/035b05819 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].country_code | DK |
| authorships[1].institutions[1].display_name | University of Copenhagen |
| authorships[1].author_position | middle |
| authorships[1].raw_author_name | T. Geib |
| authorships[1].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[1].raw_affiliation_strings | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[2].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5087398366 |
| authorships[2].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0134-5257 |
| authorships[2].author.display_name | Albert H. Werner |
| authorships[2].countries | DK |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen 3 , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[2].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen 4 , Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/035b05819 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].country_code | DK |
| authorships[2].institutions[0].display_name | University of Copenhagen |
| authorships[2].author_position | middle |
| authorships[2].raw_author_name | A. H. Werner |
| authorships[2].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[2].raw_affiliation_strings | NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen 4 , Copenhagen, Denmark, QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen 3 , Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[3].author.id | https://openalex.org/A5058743784 |
| authorships[3].author.orcid | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2288-468X |
| authorships[3].author.display_name | Reinhard F. Werner |
| authorships[3].countries | DE, DK |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[0].raw_affiliation_string | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[1].raw_affiliation_string | 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].institution_ids | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[3].affiliations[2].raw_affiliation_string | Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].id | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].ror | https://ror.org/0304hq317 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].lineage | https://openalex.org/I114112103 |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].country_code | DE |
| authorships[3].institutions[0].display_name | Leibniz University Hannover |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].id | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].ror | https://ror.org/035b05819 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].type | education |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].lineage | https://openalex.org/I124055696 |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].country_code | DK |
| authorships[3].institutions[1].display_name | University of Copenhagen |
| authorships[3].author_position | last |
| authorships[3].raw_author_name | R. F. Werner |
| authorships[3].is_corresponding | False |
| authorships[3].raw_affiliation_strings | 3QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, 4NBIA, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover 1 , Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany |
| has_content.pdf | False |
| has_content.grobid_xml | False |
| is_paratext | False |
| open_access.is_oa | True |
| open_access.oa_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.10850 |
| open_access.oa_status | green |
| open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext | False |
| created_date | 2025-10-10T00:00:00 |
| display_name | Quantum walks in external gauge fields |
| has_fulltext | False |
| is_retracted | False |
| updated_date | 2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776 |
| primary_topic.id | https://openalex.org/T10682 |
| primary_topic.field.id | https://openalex.org/fields/17 |
| primary_topic.field.display_name | Computer Science |
| primary_topic.score | 0.9998999834060669 |
| primary_topic.domain.id | https://openalex.org/domains/3 |
| primary_topic.domain.display_name | Physical Sciences |
| primary_topic.subfield.id | https://openalex.org/subfields/1702 |
| primary_topic.subfield.display_name | Artificial Intelligence |
| primary_topic.display_name | Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture |
| related_works | https://openalex.org/W2012921615, https://openalex.org/W1588731932, https://openalex.org/W1986182790, https://openalex.org/W2988283367, https://openalex.org/W3103784819, https://openalex.org/W3047862631, https://openalex.org/W4367369776, https://openalex.org/W3112092832, https://openalex.org/W3176445830, https://openalex.org/W2170996438 |
| cited_by_count | 40 |
| counts_by_year[0].year | 2025 |
| counts_by_year[0].cited_by_count | 2 |
| counts_by_year[1].year | 2024 |
| counts_by_year[1].cited_by_count | 4 |
| counts_by_year[2].year | 2023 |
| counts_by_year[2].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[3].year | 2022 |
| counts_by_year[3].cited_by_count | 6 |
| counts_by_year[4].year | 2021 |
| counts_by_year[4].cited_by_count | 7 |
| counts_by_year[5].year | 2020 |
| counts_by_year[5].cited_by_count | 10 |
| counts_by_year[6].year | 2019 |
| counts_by_year[6].cited_by_count | 5 |
| locations_count | 3 |
| best_oa_location.id | pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1808.10850 |
| best_oa_location.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S4306400194 |
| best_oa_location.source.issn | |
| best_oa_location.source.type | repository |
| best_oa_location.source.is_oa | True |
| best_oa_location.source.issn_l | |
| best_oa_location.source.is_core | False |
| best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| best_oa_location.source.display_name | arXiv (Cornell University) |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_name | Cornell University |
| best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/I205783295 |
| best_oa_location.license | |
| best_oa_location.pdf_url | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.10850 |
| best_oa_location.version | submittedVersion |
| best_oa_location.raw_type | text |
| best_oa_location.license_id | |
| best_oa_location.is_accepted | False |
| best_oa_location.is_published | False |
| best_oa_location.raw_source_name | |
| best_oa_location.landing_page_url | http://arxiv.org/abs/1808.10850 |
| primary_location.id | doi:10.1063/1.5054894 |
| primary_location.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.id | https://openalex.org/S158241587 |
| primary_location.source.issn | 0022-2488, 1089-7658, 1527-2427 |
| primary_location.source.type | journal |
| primary_location.source.is_oa | False |
| primary_location.source.issn_l | 0022-2488 |
| primary_location.source.is_core | True |
| primary_location.source.is_in_doaj | False |
| primary_location.source.display_name | Journal of Mathematical Physics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_name | American Institute of Physics |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage | https://openalex.org/P4310320257 |
| primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage_names | American Institute of Physics |
| primary_location.license | |
| primary_location.pdf_url | |
| primary_location.version | publishedVersion |
| primary_location.raw_type | journal-article |
| primary_location.license_id | |
| primary_location.is_accepted | True |
| primary_location.is_published | True |
| primary_location.raw_source_name | Journal of Mathematical Physics |
| primary_location.landing_page_url | https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5054894 |
| publication_date | 2019-01-01 |
| publication_year | 2019 |
| referenced_works | https://openalex.org/W2065117183, https://openalex.org/W1999009732, https://openalex.org/W2156029098, https://openalex.org/W1765812757, https://openalex.org/W2260162774, https://openalex.org/W2019603833, https://openalex.org/W2029943502, https://openalex.org/W2068177641, https://openalex.org/W2038591556, https://openalex.org/W2056511881, https://openalex.org/W2073943668, https://openalex.org/W2224765280, https://openalex.org/W4247361737, https://openalex.org/W2579770048, https://openalex.org/W2235130795, https://openalex.org/W1946526085, https://openalex.org/W2099474328, https://openalex.org/W2753533513, https://openalex.org/W1968775042, https://openalex.org/W2077461478, https://openalex.org/W2038531793, https://openalex.org/W2075518648, https://openalex.org/W2035659219, https://openalex.org/W1968892676, https://openalex.org/W1966716144, https://openalex.org/W2094495883, https://openalex.org/W2036888681, https://openalex.org/W2911497918, https://openalex.org/W2887908443, https://openalex.org/W2040419386, https://openalex.org/W1986508321, https://openalex.org/W97804186, https://openalex.org/W2952753535, https://openalex.org/W2077767282, https://openalex.org/W2004511163, https://openalex.org/W1776088589, https://openalex.org/W2062489691, https://openalex.org/W2066611004, https://openalex.org/W3104864023, https://openalex.org/W3102327618, https://openalex.org/W3099423227 |
| referenced_works_count | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.a | 1, 9, 86, 92, 103, 120, 148 |
| abstract_inverted_index.In | 44, 110 |
| abstract_inverted_index.We | 90 |
| abstract_inverted_index.an | 4, 40 |
| abstract_inverted_index.as | 22, 75 |
| abstract_inverted_index.by | 35 |
| abstract_inverted_index.do | 54 |
| abstract_inverted_index.in | 3, 32, 76, 119, 130 |
| abstract_inverted_index.is | 8, 20, 48, 58, 72, 81, 156 |
| abstract_inverted_index.it | 47 |
| abstract_inverted_index.no | 59, 67, 82 |
| abstract_inverted_index.of | 12, 27, 95, 137, 140 |
| abstract_inverted_index.so | 50 |
| abstract_inverted_index.to | 53, 106, 115, 147, 153, 164 |
| abstract_inverted_index.we | 112 |
| abstract_inverted_index.The | 15, 127 |
| abstract_inverted_index.and | 25, 63, 160 |
| abstract_inverted_index.any | 131, 135 |
| abstract_inverted_index.are | 66 |
| abstract_inverted_index.but | 84 |
| abstract_inverted_index.for | 18, 98, 134, 142 |
| abstract_inverted_index.how | 52, 114 |
| abstract_inverted_index.not | 49 |
| abstract_inverted_index.the | 29, 33, 36, 107 |
| abstract_inverted_index.way | 121 |
| abstract_inverted_index.also | 73 |
| abstract_inverted_index.ones | 38 |
| abstract_inverted_index.only | 85 |
| abstract_inverted_index.show | 113 |
| abstract_inverted_index.step | 88 |
| abstract_inverted_index.such | 99 |
| abstract_inverted_index.task | 11 |
| abstract_inverted_index.than | 152 |
| abstract_inverted_index.that | 122, 144 |
| abstract_inverted_index.this | 19, 55 |
| abstract_inverted_index.time | 71 |
| abstract_inverted_index.walk | 78 |
| abstract_inverted_index.when | 70 |
| abstract_inverted_index.with | 39 |
| abstract_inverted_index.added | 41 |
| abstract_inverted_index.allow | 145 |
| abstract_inverted_index.basic | 10 |
| abstract_inverted_index.case. | 109 |
| abstract_inverted_index.clear | 51 |
| abstract_inverted_index.close | 104 |
| abstract_inverted_index.field | 7 |
| abstract_inverted_index.gauge | 96, 158, 166 |
| abstract_inverted_index.jumps | 146 |
| abstract_inverted_index.known | 21 |
| abstract_inverted_index.there | 57, 65, 80 |
| abstract_inverted_index.walks | 143 |
| abstract_inverted_index.works | 129 |
| abstract_inverted_index.finite | 149 |
| abstract_inverted_index.hence, | 64 |
| abstract_inverted_index.number | 136 |
| abstract_inverted_index.rather | 151 |
| abstract_inverted_index.scheme | 17, 128 |
| abstract_inverted_index.theory | 97 |
| abstract_inverted_index.vector | 42 |
| abstract_inverted_index.analogy | 105 |
| abstract_inverted_index.because | 56 |
| abstract_inverted_index.degrees | 139 |
| abstract_inverted_index.groups. | 167 |
| abstract_inverted_index.keeping | 102 |
| abstract_inverted_index.lattice | 45, 132 |
| abstract_inverted_index.minimal | 117 |
| abstract_inverted_index.nearest | 154 |
| abstract_inverted_index.present | 91 |
| abstract_inverted_index.quantum | 13, 77 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unified | 93 |
| abstract_inverted_index.unitary | 87, 125 |
| abstract_inverted_index.consists | 26 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling | 118 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrete | 100 |
| abstract_inverted_index.external | 5 |
| abstract_inverted_index.freedom, | 141 |
| abstract_inverted_index.internal | 138 |
| abstract_inverted_index.modified | 37 |
| abstract_inverted_index.momenta. | 68 |
| abstract_inverted_index.momentum | 30 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particle | 2 |
| abstract_inverted_index.possible | 162 |
| abstract_inverted_index.prepares | 161 |
| abstract_inverted_index.standard | 16 |
| abstract_inverted_index.systems, | 46, 79, 101 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Moreover, | 69 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuum | 108 |
| abstract_inverted_index.discrete, | 74 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dynamics. | 126 |
| abstract_inverted_index.framework | 94 |
| abstract_inverted_index.implement | 116 |
| abstract_inverted_index.naturally | 157 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operator. | 89 |
| abstract_inverted_index.operators | 31 |
| abstract_inverted_index.replacing | 28 |
| abstract_inverted_index.symmetry, | 62 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Describing | 0 |
| abstract_inverted_index.continuous | 60 |
| abstract_inverted_index.dimension, | 133 |
| abstract_inverted_index.extensions | 163 |
| abstract_inverted_index.guarantees | 124 |
| abstract_inverted_index.invariant, | 159 |
| abstract_inverted_index.mechanics. | 14 |
| abstract_inverted_index.potential. | 43 |
| abstract_inverted_index.“minimal | 23 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hamiltonian | 34 |
| abstract_inverted_index.coupling” | 24 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neighbours, | 155 |
| abstract_inverted_index.non-abelian | 165 |
| abstract_inverted_index.particular, | 111 |
| abstract_inverted_index.translation | 61 |
| abstract_inverted_index.Hamiltonian, | 83 |
| abstract_inverted_index.automatically | 123 |
| abstract_inverted_index.neighbourhood | 150 |
| abstract_inverted_index.electromagnetic | 6 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.max | 99 |
| cited_by_percentile_year.min | 95 |
| countries_distinct_count | 2 |
| institutions_distinct_count | 4 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].id | https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].score | 0.7599999904632568 |
| sustainable_development_goals[0].display_name | Peace, Justice and strong institutions |
| citation_normalized_percentile.value | 0.94982674 |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent | False |
| citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent | True |